World Bank Policy Research Working Papers
This collection is a set of reproducibility packages associated with papers published in the World Bank’s Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) series. Each package provides the necessary scripts and documentation to reproduce the exact analytical outputs presented in the Working Paper. All packages are verified prior to publication. Details on the reproducibility verification process are available here . Questions about the contents of specific packages should be directed to the authors. General questions should be directed to [email protected].
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- Research & Outlook
Prospects Group Working Papers
Prospect Group Policy Research Working Papers Working papers by author | Policy Research Notes
Rate Cycles by Jongrim Ha, Kristin J. Forbes, and Ayhan Kose
What Explains Global Inflation by Jongrim Ha, M. Ayhan Kose, Franziska Ohnsorge, and Hakan Yilmazkuday
Energy Price Shocks and Current Account Balances: Evidence from Emerging Market and Developing Economies by Mathilde Lebrand, Garima Vasishtha, and Hakan Yilmazkuday
Capital Controls in Emerging and Developing Economies and the Transmission of U.S. Monetary Policy by Jongrim Ha, Haiqin, and John Rogers
Forecasting Industrial Commodity Prices: Literature Review and a Model Suite by Francisco Arroyo-Marioli, Jeetendra Khadan, Franziska Ohnsorge, and Takefumi Yamazaki
Measuring Total Carbon Pricing by Paolo Agnolucci, Carolyn Fischer, Dirk Heine, Mariza Montes de Oca Leon, Joseph Pryor, Kathleen Patroni, and Stéphane Hallegatte
Trade Elasticities in Aggregate Models : Estimates for 191 Countries by Shantayanan Devarajan, Delfin S. Go, and Sherman Robinson
International Tax Spillovers and Tangible Investment, with Implications for the Global Minimum Tax by Michael Keen, Li Liu, and Hayley Pallan
Fiscal Procyclicality in Commodity Exporting Countries: How Much Does It Pour and Why? by Francisco Arroyo Marioli and Carlos A. Vegh
Are Carbon Taxes Good for South Asia? by Valerie Mercer-Blackman, Lazar Milivojevic, and Victor Mylonas
The Elusive Link Between FDI and Economic Growth by Agustín Bénétrix, Hayley Pallan, and Ugo Panizza
Commodity Price Cycles: Commonalities, Heterogeneities, and Drivers by Alain Kabundi and Hamza Zahid
Global Footprints of U.S. Energy Innovations: Energy Efficiency and the Shale Revolution by Hamza Zahid
Fiscal Policy Volatility and Growth in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies by Francisco Arroyo Marioli, Antonio Fatás, and Garima Vasishtha
The Global Investment Slowdown: Challenges and Policies by Kersten Stamm and Dana Vorisek
Investment in Emerging Market and Developing Economy Regions: Trends, Prospects, and Policy Options by Sergiy Kasyanenko, Philip Kenworthy, Franz Ulrich Ruch, Ekaterine Vashakmadze, Dana Vorisek, and Collette Wheeler
The Past and Future of Regional Potential Growth: Hopes, Fears, and Realities by Sergiy Kasyanenko, Philip Kenworthy, Sinem Kilic Celik, Franz Ulrich Ruch, Ekaterine Vashakmadze, and Collette Wheeler
Potential Growth: A Global Database by Sinem Kilic Celik, M. Ayhan Kose, F. Ohnsorge, and F. Ulrich Ruch
Potential Growth Prospects: Risks, Rewards, and Policies by Sinem Kilic Celik, M. Ayhan Kose, and Franziska Ohnsorge
Trade as an Engine of Growth: Sputtering but Fixable by Franziska Ohnsorge and Lucia Quaglietti
Understanding the Global Drivers of Inflation: How Important Are Oil Prices? by Jongrim Ha, M. Ayhan Kose, Franziska Ohnsorge, and Hakan Yilmazkuday
How Do Rising U.S. Interest Rates Affect Emerging and Developing Economies? It Depends. by Carlos Arteta, Steven Kamin, and Franz Ulrich Ruch
From Financial Development to Informality: A Causal Link by Salvatore Capasso, Franziska L. Ohnsorge, Shu Yu
Global Job Quality: Evidence from Wage Employment across Developing Countries by Shoghik Hovhannisyan, Veronica Montalva-Talledo, Tyler Remick, Carlos Rodríguez-Castelán, and Kersten Stamm
Implications of the War in Ukraine for the Global Economy by Justin Damien Guénette, Philip Kenworthy, and Collette Wheeler
Demand and Supply Shocks: Evidence from Corporate Earning Calls by Franz Ulrich Ruch and Temel Taskin
What Has Been the Impact of COVID-19 on Debt? Turning a Wave into a Tsunami by M. Ayhan Kose, Peter Nagle, Franziska Ohnsorge, and Naotaka Sugawara
What Types of Capital Flows Help Improve International Risk Sharing? by Ergys Islamaj and M. Ayhan Kose
Sectoral Value Added — Electricity Elasticities across Countries by Shoghik Hovhannisyan and Kersten Stamm
Commodity Price Shocks: Order within Chaos bu John Baffes and Alain Ntumba
Understanding FDI Spillovers in the Presence of GVCs by Valerie Mercer-Blackman, Wei Xiang, Fahad Khan
A Mountain of Debt: Navigating the Legacy of the Pandemic by M. Ayhan Kose, Franziska Ohnsorge, and Naotaka Sugawara
The Aftermath of Debt Surges by M. Ayhan Kose, Franziska Ohnsorge, Carmen Reinhart, and Kenneth Rogoff
One-Stop Source: A Global Database of Inflation by Jongrim Ha, M. Ayhan Kose, and Franziska Ohnsorge
Neutral Real Interest Rates in Inflation Targeting Emerging and Developing Economies by Franz Ulrich Ruch
Demand and Supply Dynamics in East Asia During the COVID-19 Recession by Ergys Islamaj, Franz Ulrich Ruch, and Eka Vashakmadze
Projecting the Economic Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic by Justin-Damien Guenette and Takefumi Yamazaki
The Technology-Employment Trade-Off: Automation, Industry, and Income Effects by Gene Kindberg-Hanlon
Technology and Demand Drivers of Productivity Dynamics in Developed and Emerging Market Economies by Alistair Dieppe, Neville Francis, and Gene Kindberg-Hanlon
Implications of Major Adverse Events on Productivity by Alistair Dieppe, Sinem Kilic Celik, and Cedric Okou
Productivity Convergence: Is Anyone Catching Up? by Gene Kindberg-Hanlon and Cedric Okou
Implications of Cheap Oil for Emerging Markets by Alain Ntumba Kabundi and Franziska Ohnsorge
Adding Fuel to the Fire: Cheap Oil during the COVID-19 Pandemic by Collette Mari Wheeler, John Baffes, Alain Kabundi, Gene Kindberg-Hanlon, Peter S. Nagle, and Franziska Ohnsorge
A Decade after the 2009 Global Recession: Macroeconomic and Financial Sector Policies by Wee Chian Koh and Shu Yu
A Decade after the 2009 Global Recession: Macroeconomic Developments by Wee Chian Koh and Shu Yu
Tax Competition: Is It a Source of the Corporate Savings Glut? by Atsushi Kawamoto and Kei Muraki
Debt Intolerance: Threshold Level and Composition by Hideaki Matsuoka
Determinants of Social Distancing and Economic Activity during COVID-19: A Global View by William Maloney and Temel Taskin
Price Controls: Good Intentions, Bad Outcomes by Justin-Damien Guenette
Policy Challenges for Emerging and Developing Economies: Lessons from the Past Decade by Franz Ulrich Ruch
Prospects, Risks, and Vulnerabilities in Emerging and Developing Economies: Lessons from the Past Decade by Franz Ulrich Ruch
Can This Time Be Different? Policy Options in Times of Rising Debt by M. Ayhan Kose, Peter S.O. Nagle, Franziska Ohnsorge, and Naotaka Sugawara
Subdued Potential Growth: Sources and Remedies by Sinem Kilic Celik, M. Ayhan Kose, and Franziska Ohnsorge
Global Recessions by M. Ayhan Kose, Naotaka Sugawara, and Marco E. Terrones
Benefits and Costs of Debt: The Dose Makes the Poison by M. Ayhan Kose, Franziska Ohnsorge, and Naotaka Sugawara
Emerging and Developing Economies: Ten Years after the Global Recession by M. Ayhan Kose and Franziska Ohnsorge
Understanding the Cost of Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by Dana Vorisek and Shu Yu
Inflation and Public Debt Reversals in Advanced Economies by Ichiro Fukunaga, Takuji Komatsuzaki, and Hideaki Matsuoka
The Role of Income and Substitution in Commodity Demand by John Baffes, Alain Kabundi, and Peter Nagle
Debt and Financial Crises by Wee Chian Koh, M. Ayhan Kose, Peter S. Nagle, Franziska Ohnsorge, and Naotaka Sugawara
New Approaches to the Identification of Low-Frequency Drivers: An Application to Technology Shocks by Alistair Dieppe, Neville Francis, and Gene Kindberg-Hanlon
Growth in Low-Income Countries: Evolution, Prospects, and Policies by Rudi Steinbach
Casting a Shadow: Productivity of Formal Firms and Informality by Mohammad Amin, Franziska Lieselotte Ohnsorge, and Cedric Iltis Finafa Okou
Inflation in Low-Income Countries Jongrim Ha, Anna Ivanova, Peter J. Montiel, and Peter Jouis Pedroni
Quality of Management of Firms in Turkey by Ximena Del Carpio and Temel Taskin
Debt in Low-Income Countries: Evolution, Implications, and Remedies by Sebastian Michael Essl, Sinem Kilic Celik, Patrick Alexander Kirby, and Andre Proite
Inflation Expectations: Review and Evidence by M. Ayhan Kose, Hideaki Matsuoka, Ugo G. Panizza, and Dana Lauren Vorisek
Why Do Fiscal Multipliers Depend on Fiscal Positions? by Raju Huidrom, M. Ayhan Kose, Jamus Jerome Lim, and Franziska Lieselotte Ohnsorge
Inflation and Exchange Rate Pass-Through by Jongrim Ha, Marc Stocker, and Hakan Yilmazkuday
Global Inflation Synchronization by Jongrim Ha, M. Ayhan Kose, and Franziska Lieselotte Ohnsorge
Understanding Inflation in Emerging and Developing Economies by Jongrim Ha, M. Ayhan Kose, and Franziska Lieselotte Ohnsorge
Inflation: Concepts, Evolution, and Correlates by Jongrim Ha, Anna Ivanova, Franziska Lieselotte Ohnsorge, and Derya Filiz Unsal Portillo Ocando
Potential Growth: Outlook and Options for the Russian Federation by Yoki Okawa and Apurva Sanghi
Traders' Dilemma: Developing Countries' Response t o Trade Disputes by Shantayanan Devarajan, Delfin S. Go, Csilla Lakatos, Sherman Robinson, and Karen Thierfelder
Corporate Debt Overhang and Investment: Firm-Level Evidence by Eduardo Borensztein and Lei Sandy Ye
The Role of Major Emerging Markets in Global Commodity Demand by John Baffes, Alain Kabundi, Peter Nagle, and Franziska Ohnsorge
The 2014-16 Oil Price Collapse in Retrospect: Sources and Implications by John Baffes, Marc Stocker, Y. Modeste Some, Dana Vorisek, and Collette M. Wheeler
The Global Costs of Protectionism by Csilla Lakatos and Zornitsa Kutlina-Dimitrova
Asset Prices and Macroeconomic Outcomes: A Survey by M. Ayhan Kose and Stijn Claessens Macroeconomic Implications of Financial Inperfections: A Survey by M. Ayhan Kose and Stijn Claessens
A Cross-Country Database of Fiscal Space by M. Ayhan Kose, Sergio Kurlat, Franziska Ohnsorge, and Naotaka Sugawara
A Proximity-Based Approach to Labor Mobility in CGE Models with an Application to Sub-Saharan Africa by Hans Lofgren and Martín Cicowiez
Arm's-length Trade: A Source of Post-Crisis Trade Weakness by Csilla Lakatos and Franziska Lieselotte
Global Inequality in a More Educated World by Syud Amer Ahmed, Maurizio Bussolo, Marcio Cruz, Delfin S. Go, and Israel Osorio-Rodarte
Assessing the Global Economic and Poverty Effects of Antimicrobial Resistance by Syud Amer Ahmed, Enis Barış, Delfin S. Go, Hans Lofgren, Israel Osorio-Rodarte, and Karen Thierfelder
How Important are Spillovers from Major Emerging Markets? by Raju Huidrom, M. Ayhan Kose, and Franziska L. Ohnsorge
Regional Dimensions of Recent Weakness in Investment: Drivers, Investment Needs and Policy Responses by Ekaterine Vashakmadze, Gerard Kambou, Derek Chen, Boaz Nandwa, Yoki Okawa, and Dana Vorisek
Weakness in Investment Growth: Causes, Implications and Policy Responses by M. Ayhan Kose, Franziska Ohnsorge, Lei Sandy Ye, Ergys Islamaj
The Global Role of the U.S. Economy: Linkages, Policies and Spillovers by M. Ayhan Kose, Csilla Lakatos, Franziska Ohnsorge, and Marc Stocker
Demographic Change and Development Looking at Challenges and Opportunities through a New Typology by S. Amer Ahmed, Marcio Cruz, Bryce Quillin, and Philip Schellekens
From Commodity Discovery to Production by Tehmina Khan, Trang Nguyen, Franziska Ohnsorge, and Richard Schodde
Resource Misallocation in Turkey by Ha Nguyen, Temel Taskin and Ayberk Yilmaz
Impact of Social Assistance on Labor Market Mobility: The Case of Turke y by Deniz Alcan, Raif Can, Temel Taskin and William Wiseman
Negative Interest Rate Policies: Sources and Implications by Carlos Arteta, M. Ayhan Kose, Marc Stocker, and Temel Taskin
On the Impact of Demographic Change on Growth, Savings, and Poverty by Marcio Cruz and S. Amer Ahmed
Making the Most of Demographic Change in Southern Africa by S. Amer Ahmed and Marcio Cruz
Quantifying Uncertainties in Global Growth Forecasts by Franziska L. Ohnsorge, Marc Stocker, and Modeste Y. Some
Recent Credit Surge in Historical Context by Franziska Ohnsorge and Shu Yu
Do Fiscal Multipliers Depend on Fiscal Positions? by Raju Huidrom, M. Ayhan Kose, Jamus J. Lim, and Franziska L. Ohnsorge
Challenges of Fiscal Policy in Emerging and Developing Economies by Raju Huidrom M. Ayhan Kose, and Franziska L. Ohnsorge
China’s Slowdown and Rebalancing: Potential Growth and Poverty Impacts on Sub-Saharan Africa by Csilla Lakatos, Maryla Maliszewska, Israel Osorio-Rodarte, and Delfin Go
Global Migration Revisited: Short-Term Pains, Long-Term Gains, and the Potential of South-South Migration by S. Amer Ahmed, Delfin S. Go, and Dirk Willenbockel
Organizing Knowledge to Compete Impacts of Capacity Building Programs on Firm Organization by Marcio Cruz, Maurizio Bussolo, and Leonardo Iacovone
How Does the Sensitivity of Consumption to Income Vary Over Time? International Evidence by Ergys Islamaj and M. Ayhan Kose
Poverty and Shared Prosperity Implications of Deep Integration in Eastern and Southern Africa by Edward J. Balistreri, Maryla Maliszewska, Israel Osorio-Rodarte, David G. Tarr, and Hidemichi Yonezawa
What Explains Agricultural Price Movements? by John Baffes and Tassos Haniotis
Lifting Economic Sanctions on Iran Global Effects and Strategic Responses: Global Effects and Strategic Responses by Elena Ianchovichina, Shantayanan Devarajan, and Csilla Lakatos
A Product Space Perspective on Structural Change in Morocco by Israel Osorio Rodarte and Hans Lofgren
Analyzing Food Price Trends in the Context of Engel’s Law and the Prebisch-Singer Hypothesis by John Baffes and Xiaoli L. Etienne
Sources of Volatility during Four Oil Price Crashes by John Baffes and Varun Kshirsagar
What Drives Local Food Prices? Evidence from the Tanzanian Maize Market by John Baffes and Varun Kshirsagar
Does Input Tariff Reduction Impact Firms’ Exports in the Presence of Import Tariff Exemption Regimes? by Marcio Cruz and Maurizio Bussolo
Estimating Parameters and Structural Change in CGE Models Using a Bayesian Cross-Entropy Estimation Approach by Delfin S. Go, Hans Lofgren, Fabian Mendez Ramos, and Sherman Robinson
How Significant Is Africa’s Demographic Dividend for Its Future Growth and Poverty Reduction? by S. Amer Ahmed, Marcio Cruz, Delfin S. Go, Maryla Maliszewska, and Israel Osorio-Rodarte
Do Export Promotion Agencies Promote New Exporters? by Marcio Cruz
Capital Will Not Become More Expensive as the World Ages by Maurizio Bussolo, Jamus Jerome Lim, Maryla Maliszewska, and Hans Timmer
The Long-Awaited Rise of the Middle Class in Latin America Is Finally Happening by Maurizio Bussolo, Maryla Maliszewska, and Elie Murard
Beyond the Income Effect Impacts of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs on Private Investments in Human Capital by Marcio Cruz and Zacharias Ziegelhöfer
Unconventional Monetary Policy Normalization in High-Income Countries Implications for Emerging Market Capital Flows and Crisis Risks by Andrew Burns, Mizuho Kida, Jamus Jerome Lim, Sanket Mohapatra, Marc Stocker
Tinker, Taper, QE, Bye? The Effect of Quantitative Easing on Financial Flows to Developing Countries by Jamus Jerome Lim, Sanket Mohapatra, Marc Stocker
Creating and Using Fiscal Space for Accelerated Development in Liberia by Hans Lofgren
Infrastructure for Growth and Human Development in Pakistan: A Simulation Analysis of Fiscal Policy Options by Jouko Kinnunen and Hans Lofgren
Long-Term Drivers of Food Prices by John Baffes
Closing Rural-Urban MDG Gaps in Low-Income Countries: A General Equilibrium Perspective by Hans Lofgren
External Shocks, Fiscal Policy and Income Distribution: Alternative Scenarios for Moldova by Jouko Kinnunen, Hans Lofgren, Victor Sulla, and Dino Merotto
2012 and before
Liberia: Strategic Policy Options for Medium Term Growth and Development by Sébastien Dessus, Jariya Hoffman, and Hans Lofgren
World Food Prices and Human Development: Policy Simulations for Archetype Low-Income Countries by Hans Lofgren
Achieving the MDGs in Yemen: An Assessment by Abdulmajeed Al-Batuly, Mohamed Al-Hawri, Martin Cicowiez, Hans Lofgren, and Mohammad Pournik
Cotton, Biotechnology, and Economic Development (2011) by John Baffes
How Important Is the Efficiency of Government Investment? The Case of the Republic of Congo (2011) by Hannah Nielsen and Hans Lofgren
Cotton Subsidies, the WTO, and the "Cotton Problem" (2011) by John Baffes
Placing the 2006/08 Commodity Price Boom into Perspective (2010) by John Baffes and Tassos Haniotis
Markets for Cotton By-Products: Global Trends and Implications for African Cotton Producers (2010) by John Baffes
More on the Energy/Non-Energy Commodity Price Link (2009) by John Baffes
Aid, Service Delivery, and the Millennium Development Goals in an Economy-wide Framework (2008) by François Bourguignon, Carolina Diaz-Bonilla, and Hans Lofgren
Oil Spills on Other Commodities (2007) by John Baffes
Restructuring Uganda’s Coffee Industry: Why Going Back to the Basics Matters (2006) by John Baffes
The Co-movement between Cotton and Polyester Prices (2005) by John Baffes (World Bank) and Gaston Gohou (University of Maryland)
Disciplining Agricultural Support through Decoupling (2005) by John Baffes (World Bank) and Harry de Gorter (Cornell University)
Cotton: Market Setting, Trade Policies, and Issues (2004) by John Baffes
Policy Research Notes
These research notes are aimed at a broad audience interested in economic policy.
- Slowdown in Emerging Markets: Rough Patch or Prolonged Weakness?
- Ending Extreme Poverty and Sharing Prosperity: Progress and Policies
- The Coming U.S. Interest Rate Tightening Cycle: Smooth Sailing or Stormy Waters?
- The Great Plunge in Oil Prices: Causes, Consequences, and Policy Responses
Last Updated: Sep 09, 2024
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Policy Research Working Paper series publication roundup for July 2022
Marcelo buitron, policy research working paper team.
This blog is a biweekly feature highlighting recent working papers from around the World Bank Group that were published in the World Bank’s Policy Research Working Paper Series . This entry introduces five papers published in July 2022 on various topics, including cash transfers, the war in Ukraine, and migration among others.
The first two papers we introduce examine cash transfer programs. In Conditional Cash Transfers and Gender-Based Violence—Does the Type of Violence Matter? , Elizaveta Perova and coauthors examine the effects of a conditional cash transfer program in the Philippines on gender-based violence. In With or Without Him? Experimental Evidence on Gender-Sensitive Cash Grants and Trainings in Tunisia , Nausheen Khan and coauthors explore whether it is possible to stimulate women’s employment by relaxing their financial and human capital constraints.
- Conditional Cash Transfers and Gender-Based Violence—Does the Type of Violence Matter? uses a regression discontinuity design to examine the effects of a conditional cash transfer program in the Philippines on three types of gender-based violence: (i) intimate partner violence, (ii) domestic violence by non-partners and (iii) violence outside home. The study finds that while the grantees of the conditional cash transfer program did not experience any change in exposure to violence perpetrated by an intimate partner or non-family members, they did face significantly lower emotional violence perpetrated by non-partner family members. The study also examines mediating channels through which conditional cash transfers may affect gender-based violence, namely: (i) stress reduction due to higher income, (ii) increase in women’s empowerment, (iii) increase in women’s bargaining power, and (iv) strengthened social networks. The findings provide suggestive evidence of changes in all four mitigating channels.
- Using a randomized control trial in Tunisia With or Without Him? Experimental Evidence on Gender-Sensitive Cash Grants and Trainings in Tunisia shows that providing cash grants and financial training to women stimulates their income generating activities, but only when their partners are not involved. The program did not alter traditional gender roles. Instead, it encouraged employment of other household members and investments in small-scale agriculture and livestock farming—two activities traditionally undertaken by women at home. The impacts on household living standards are overwhelmingly positive and suggest that the program is highly cost-effective.
The next two papers we introduce in this roundup examine two very timely topics. In Quantifying War-Induced Crop Losses in Ukraine in Near Real Time to Strengthen Local and Global Food Security , Klaus Deininger and coauthors estimate direct and indirect effects of the war on area and expected yield of winter crops. In Fears and Tears: Should More People Be Moving within and from Developing Countries, and What Stops This Movement? , David McKenzie examines the evidence for different explanations given in the economics literature for the lack of movement of people and their implications for policy given the enormous gains in income possible through international and internal movement.
- Quantifying War-Induced Crop Losses in Ukraine in Near Real Time to Strengthen Local and Global Food Security quantifies war-induced direct and indirect impacts on area and expected yield of winter crops using a 4-year (2019-22) panel of 10,125 village councils. Satellite imagery is used to provide information on direct damage to agricultural fields; classify crop cover using machine learning; and compute the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for winter cereal fields as a proxy for yield. The paper suggests war-induced loss of winter crop output of 20% if the current winter crop can be harvested fully.
Figure 1: Example of location of fields damaged by fighting
- Fears and Tears: Should More People Be Moving within and from Developing Countries, and What Stops This Movement? shows that both internal and international migration appear to offer large benefits for many individuals, and for the optimal allocation of labor within and across countries. Yet most people never move in their lives. There are many potential reasons for this lack of movement, including information failures, liquidity constraints, high costs and policy barriers, and risk. The author argues in this paper that there are two other reasons for lack of movement that have been less a part of economic theories of migration. This includes i) the fears people have when faced with the uncertainty of moving to a new place, and ii) the reasons behind the tears they shed when moving. While these tears reveal the attachment people have to particular places, this attachment is not fixed, but itself changes with migration experiences. Psychological factors such as a bias toward the status quo and the inability to picture what one is giving up by not migrating can result in people not moving, even when they would benefit from movement and are not constrained by finances or policy barriers from doing so.
Finally, the last paper we introduce takes us to South America. In The Long-Term Impact of High School Financial Education: Evidence from Brazil , Miriam Bruhn and coauthors study the long-term effects of a comprehensive high school financial education program in Brazil. In 2011, the impact of a comprehensive financial education program was studied through a randomized controlled trial with 892 high schools in six Brazilian states. Half the schools were randomly selected to receive teacher training and financial education textbooks, which they integrated into the existing curriculum during the two last years of high school. Control group schools did not receive training or materials but participated in the surveys. Using administrative data, this paper followed 16,000 students for the next nine years. The short-term findings were that the treatment students used expensive credit and were behind on payments. By contrast, in the long-term, treatment students were less likely to borrow from expensive sources and to have loans with late payments than control students. Treatment students were also more likely to own microenterprises and less likely to be formally employed than control students. Figure 2 below shows the proportion of students with a positive credit balance for each year from 2016 to 2020.
Figure 2: Credit Usage over Time
Notes: This figure shows the proportion of students in the authors’ sample that have positive credit balances, using monthly administrative data from the Credit Registry System (SCR), housed at the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB).
The following are other interesting papers published in the second half of June. Please make sure to read them as well.
- Poverty-Adjusted Life Expectancy: A Consistent Index of the Quantity and the Quality of Life
- Labor Informality and Market Segmentation in Senegal
- A Gendered Fiscal Incidence Analysis for Ethiopia: Evidence from Individual-Level Data
- Labor Market Transitions in Egypt Post-Arab Spring
- Putting a Price on Safety—A Hedonic Price Approach to Flood Risk in African Cities
- Private but Misunderstood? Evidence on Measuring Intimate Partner Violence via Self-Interviewing in Rural Liberia and Malawi
- Will the Developing World’s Growing Middle Class Support Low-Carbon Policies?
- Life Cycle Savings in a High-Informality Setting—Evidence from Pakistan
- The Dog that Didn’t Bark: The Missed Opportunity of Africa’s Resource Boom
- Welfare Analysis of Changing Notches: Evidence from Bolsa Família
- Beyond Political Connections: A Measurement Model Approach to Estimating Firm-level Political Influence in 41 Economies
- Transactional Governance Structures: New Cross-Country Data and an Application to the Effect of Uncertainty
- Agriculture and Food
- Financial Inclusion
- Financial Sector
- Social Protection
- Europe and Central Asia
- Latin America & Caribbean
- Middle East and North Africa
- The World Region
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The Mis-Education of Women in Afghanistan: From Wage Premiums to Economic Losses
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17279
24 Pages Posted: 12 Sep 2024
Rafiuddin Najam
American University
Harry Patrinos
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Raja Bentaouet Kattan
This paper uses microdata from the Labor Force and Household Surveys conducted in Afghanistan to show the wage premium differences for education between men and women, documenting a significantly larger premium for women. This sharp distinction is causal as demonstrated by analysis of the compulsory schooling law. Recent bans on women's education and employment are projected to have significant negative impacts on women's future schooling, wage growth, and national income growth.
Keywords: returns to schooling, returns to experience, investments in education, Afghanistan
JEL Classification: C13, J31
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation
Rafiuddin Najam (Contact Author)
American university ( email ).
4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW Washington, DC 20016 United States
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ( email )
AR United States
World Bank ( email )
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The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series encourages the exchange of ideas on development and quickly disseminates the findings of research in progress. This series is aimed at showcasing World Bank research—analytic work designed to produce results with wide applicability across countries or sectors. The authors are exclusively ...
The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper series encourages the exchange of ideas on development and quickly disseminates the findings of research in progress. This series is aimed at showcasing Bank research, i.e. analytic work designed to produce results with wide applicability across countries or sectors. This page highlights recent ...
Averting the Old Age Crisis (1994) Adjustment in Africa (1994) The East Asian Miracle (1993) The World Bank's Policy Research Report series brings to a broad audience the results of World Bank research on development policy. The reports are designed to contribute to the debate on appropriate public policies for developing economies.
The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. Titles are submitted from units around the World Bank for internal review and inclusion in this series which is managed by the Development Economics Research Support unit. These are pre-print drafts ...
Policy Research Working Paper 8040 This paper is a product of the Finance and Private Sector Development Team, Development Research Group. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around the world.
Policy Research Working Paper 8252 This paper is a product of the Finance and Private Sector Development Team, Development Research Group. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around the world.
Abstract. e Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the ndings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the ndings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. e papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly.
World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3251, March 2004 The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the ...
This blog is a biweekly feature highlighting recent working papers from around the World Bank Group that were published in the World Bank's Policy Research Working Paper Series.This entry introduces seven papers published from October 16 to October 31 on various topics, including data and development, COVID-19, and gender.
The Reproducible Research Repository is a one-stop shop for reproducibility packages associated with World Bank research. The catalogued packages provide the analytical scripts, documentation, and, where possible, the data needed to reproduce the results in the associated paper. The published reproducibility packages fully document the data and code on which research findings are based.
between world citizens since the Industrial Revolution. This paper is a product of the Poverty and Inequality Team, Development Research Group. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around . the world.
World Bank research is resolutely empirical and policy oriented. By both learning from past policies and operations and thinking critically about future policies, research plays a critical role in the formulation of policy advice to developing countries. This paper reviews the intellectual and institutional forces that have shaped research at ...
Policy Research Working Paper. Language: This blog is a biweekly feature highlighting recent working papers from around the World Bank Group. It introduces 4 papers published from December 1-15 on various topics, including the impact of COVID-19 on education, the effect of tariffs on job opportunities and interest rates.
These papers are produced by the Prospects Group, a unit of the World Bank's Equitable Growth, Finance, and Institutions vice presidency. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and contribute to development-policy discussions around the world. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the ...
This blog is a biweekly feature highlighting recent working papers from around the World Bank Group that were published in the World Bank's Policy Research Working Paper Series.This entry introduces five papers published from January 16 to January 31 on various topics, including fuel subsidies, sovereign bonds, and refugees.
This blog is a biweekly feature highlighting recent working papers from around the World Bank Group that were published in the World Bank's Policy Research Working Paper Series.This entry introduces seven papers published from October 1 to October 15 on various topics, including COVID-19, immigration, capital flows and others.
Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project "Policies for Poor Areas" (RPO 681-39). Copies of this paper are available free from the World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433. Please contact Patricia Sader, room MC4-773, telephone 202-473-3902, fax 202-522-1153, email address [email protected]. Policy Research Working
The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development ... Development Research Group, The World Bank, 1818 H St. N.W., Washington, DC 20433, USA, [email protected]. Levine: James and Merryl Tisch Professor of Economics, Brown University, 64 Waterman
Copies of the paper are available free from the World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433. Please contact Cynthia Bernardo, room MC2-501, telephone 202-473-1148, fax 202-522-1154, Internet address cbernardoCljworldbank.org. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http:/
Prospects Group Working Papers. These papers were authored or coauthored by current and past members of the Prospects Group, a unit of the World Bank's Development Economics vice presidency. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and contribute to development-policy discussions around the world.
This blog is a biweekly feature highlighting recent working papers from around the World Bank Group that were published in the World Bank's Policy Research Working Paper Series. This entry introduces five papers published in July 2022 on various topics, including cash transfers, the war in Ukraine, migration among others.
This paper is a product of the Financial Access Team in Consultative Group to Assist the Poor, Financial and Private Sector Development. It is part of a larger efort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around the world.
This paper uses microdata from the Labor Force and Household Surveys conducted in Afghanistan to show the wage premium differences for education between men and. ... World Bank ( email) 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 United States. Download This Paper ... Research Paper Series; Conference Papers; Partners in Publishing; Jobs ...
World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3603, May 2005 The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the ...