rhetorical analysis of harvey milk hope speech

Hope Speech

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Analysis: “The Hope Speech”

While longer versions of Milk’s “Hope” speech exist, the final, most polished version is a brief but impassioned call for LGBTQ+ Pride in Action —for openness in a culture that silenced LGBTQ+ voices both physically and legally. This version of the speech lacks some of the specific political rhetoric Milk used in earlier versions to announce his candidacy for city supervisor. However, it features a honed use of pathos (emotional appeals), incorporating humor and personal narrative to remind listeners what they are fighting for. Milk’s call at the end of the speech for his audience to take up the mantle of hope transforms the speech from a political effort to a declaration of queer power and pride.

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UNC ENGL 302 Spring 2020

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Rhetorical analysis #1: "the hope speech" - harvey milk, no comments:, post a comment.

Harvey Milk, “You’ve Got to Have Hope” (24 June 1977)

Photo courtesy of the San Francisco Public Library

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Harvey Milk’s Gay Freedom Day Speech: Annotated

Five months before his assassination in 1978, Harvey Milk called on the president of the United States to defend the rights of gay and lesbian Americans.

On June 25, 1978, the ninth anniversary of the Stonewall Riot in New York City, Harvey Milk gave an impassioned speech to his fellow San Franciscans celebrating Gay Freedom Day. At the time, LGBTQ+ individuals around the country were dealing with state and local initiatives looking to “protect children” by overturning equal rights ordinances. The two most visible figures behind these legislative maneuvers were John Briggs , a state Senator in California, who sought to remove openly lesbian and gay teachers with Proposition 6 (the phrase “public homosexual” repeats throughout the proposition); and Anita Bryant , whose “Save Our Children” organization successfully helped overturn equal rights ordinances in Miami, Florida; Eugene, Oregon; Wichita, Kansas; and St. Paul, Minnesota, while failing in Seattle, Washington.

In his speech, Supervisor Milk asked US President Jimmy Carter to speak out against Proposition 6, better known as the Briggs Initiative. Carter and former president Gerald Ford were both against the initiative, as was former California governor Ronald Reagan, who wrote about his opposition to it in the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner . The Briggs Initiative was defeated by voters on November 7, 1978.

Just three weeks later, Harvey Milk and San Francisco Mayor George Moscone were assassinated at San Francisco City Hall by recently resigned Supervisor Dan White. The first National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights was held on October 14, 1979, with a five point platform :

• Pass a comprehensive lesbian/gay rights bill in Congress
• Issue a presidential executive order banning discrimination based on sexual orientation in the federal government, the military, and federally contracted private employment
• Repeal all anti-lesbian/gay laws
• End discrimination in lesbian mother and gay father custody cases
• Protect lesbian and gay youth from any laws which are used to discriminate, oppress, and/or harass them in their homes, schools, jobs, and social environments.

Less than two years later, on June 5, 1981, the first report of five cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia would be reported in the CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report . Ronald Reagan had been elected President seven months earlier. Though he had spoken out against the Briggs Initiative, he would not acknowledge the HIV/AIDS crisis until September 1985.

______________________________________________________

“ That’s What America Is ”: Delivered by San Francisco Supervisor Harvey Milk, June 25, 1978 (Gay Freedom Day)

My name is Harvey Milk —and I want to recruit you. I want to recruit you for the fight to preserve your democracy from the John Briggs and the Anita Bryants who are trying to constitutionalize bigotry.

We are not going to allow that to happen. We are not going to sit back in silence as 300,000 of our gay sisters and brothers did in Nazi Germany . We are not going to allow our rights to be taken away and then march with bowed heads to the gas chambers. On this anniversary of Stonewall, I ask my gay sisters and brothers to make the commitment to fight. For themselves. For their freedom. For their country.

Here, in San Francisco, we recently held an election for a judgeship. An anti-gay smear campaign was waged against a presiding judge because she was supported by lesbians and gay men. Here, in so-called liberal San Francisco, an anti-gay smear campaign was waged by so-called liberals.

And here, in so-called liberal San Francisco, we have a columnist for the San Francisco Examiner , a columnist named Kevin Starr, who has printed a number of columns containing distortions and lies about gays. He’s getting away with it.

These anti-gay smear campaigns, these anti-gay columns, are laying the groundwork for the Briggs Initiative. We had better be prepared for it.

In the Examiner , Kevin Starr defames and libels gays. In the Chronicle , Charles McCabe warns us to be quiet, that talking about gay rights is counter-productive. To Mr. McCabe, I say that the day he stops talking about freedom is the day he no longer has it.

The blacks [ sic ] did not win their rights by sitting quietly in the back of the bus. They got off!!

Gay people, we will not win our rights by staying quietly in our closets …we are coming out! We are coming out to fight the lies, the myths, the distortions! We are coming out to tell the truth about gays!

For I’m tired of the conspiracy of silence. I’m tired of listening to the Anita Bryants twist the language and the meaning of the Bible to fit their own distorted outlook. But I’m even more tired of the silence from the religious leaders of this nation who know that she is playing fast and loose with the true meaning of the Bible. I’m tired of their silence more than of her biblical gymnastics!

And I’m tired of John Briggs talking about false role models. He’s lying in his teeth and he knows it. But I’m even more tired of the silence from educators and psychologists who know that Briggs is lying and yet say nothing. I’m tired of their silence more than Briggs’ lies!

I’m tired of the silence so I’m going to talk about it. And I want you to talk about it.

Gay people, we are painted as child molestors. I want to talk about that. I want to talk about the myth of child molestations by gays. I want to talk about the fact that in this state some 95 percent of child molestations are heterosexual and usually committed by a parent.

I want to talk about the fact that all child abandonments are heterosexual.

I want to talk about the fact that all abuse of children is by their heterosexual parents.

I want to talk about the fact that some 98 percent of the six million rapes committed annually are heterosexual.

I want to talk about the fact that one out of every three women who will be murdered in this state this year will be murdered by their husbands.

I want to talk about the fact that some 30 percent of all heterosexual marriages contain domestic violence.

And finally, I want to tell the John Briggs and the Anita Bryants that they talk about the myths of gays , but today I’m talking about the facts of heterosexual violence and what the hell are you going to do about that?

Clean up your own house before you start telling lies about gays. Don’t distort the Bible to hide your own sins. Don’t change facts to lies. Don’t look for cheap political advantage in playing upon people’s fears! Judging by the latest polls, even the youth can tell you’re lying!

Anita Bryant, John Briggs: Your unwillingness to talk about your own house, your deliberate lies and distortions, your unwillingness to face the truth, chills my blood. It reeks of madness !

And like the rest of you, I’m tired of our so-called friends who tell us that we must set standards .

What standards ?

The standards of the rapists? The wife beaters? The child abusers? The people who ordered the bomb to be built? The people who ordered it to be dropped? The people who pulled the trigger? The people who gave us Vietnam? The people who built the gas chambers? The people who built the concentration camps—right here, in California, and then herded all the Japanese-Americans into them during World War II. The Jew baiters? The [n-word] knockers? The corporate thiefs [ sic ]? The Nixons? The Hitlers?

What standards do you want us to set ? Clean up your act, clean up your violence before you criticize lesbians and gay men because of their sexuality. It is madness to glorify killing and violence on one hand and to be ashamed of the sexual act, the act that conceived you on the other.

There is a difference between morality and murder. The fact that more people have been slaughtered in the name of religion than for any other single reason. That, that, my friends, is the true perversion! For the standards that we set, should we look to next week’s headlines?

Well, I’m tired of the lies of the Anita Bryants and the John Briggs.

I’m tired of their myths.

I’m tired of their distortions.

I’m speaking out about it.

Gay brothers and sisters, what are you going to do about it? You must come out. Come out to your parents . I know that it is hard and that it will hurt them, but think of how they will hurt you in the voting booth! Come out to your relatives. I know that it is hard and will upset them but think of how they will upset you in the voting booth. Come out to your friends. If indeed, they are your friends. Come out to your neighbors, to your co-workers , to the people who work where you eat and shop. Come out only to the people you know, and who know you. Not to anyone else. But once and for all, break down the myths, destroy the lies and distortions.

For your sake.

For their sake.

For the sake of the youngsters who are being terrified by the votes coming from Dade County to Eugene .

If Briggs wins, he will not stop. They never do . Like all mad people, they are forced to go on, to prove they were right.

There will be no safe “closet” for any gay person.

So break out of yours today—tear the damn thing down once and for all!

And finally

Most of all

I’m tired of the silence from the White House .

Jimmy Carter: you talk about human rights a lot. In fact, you want to be the world’s leader for human rights. Well, damn it, lead!!! There are some fifteen to twenty million lesbians and gay men in this nation listening and listening very carefully.

Jimmy Carter, when are you going to talk about their rights?

You talk a lot about the Bible, but when are you going to talk about that most important part: “Love thy neighbor”? After all, she may be gay.

Jimmy Carter: The time has come for lesbians and gay men to come out —and they are. Now the time has come for you to speak out. When are you?

Until you speak out against hatred, bigotry, madness, you are just Jimmy Carter. When you speak out, then and only then, will some twenty million lesbians and gay men be able to say Jimmy Carter is our president, too!

Jimmy Carter, you have the choice: How many more years?

How much more damage?

How much more violence?

How many more lives?

History says that, like all groups seeking their rights, sooner or later we will win.

The question is: when?

Jimmy Carter, you have to make the choice—it’s in your hands: either years of violence…or you can help turn the pages of history that much faster.

It is up to you. And now, before it becomes too late, come to California and speak out against Briggs.

If you don’t then we will come to you!

If you do not speak out, if you remain silence, if you do not lift up your voice against Briggs, then I call upon lesbians and gay men from all over the nation, your nation, to gather in Washington one year from now on that national day of freedom, the fourth of July…the fourth of July, 1979…to gather in Washington on that very same spot where over a decade ago Dr. Martin Luther King spoke to a nation of his dreams…dreams that are fast fading, dreams that to many millions in this country have become nightmares rather than dreams.

I call upon all minorities and especially the millions of lesbians and gay men to wake up from their dreams…to gather in Washington and tell Jimmy Carter and their nation: “Wake up…wake up, America…no more racism, no more sexism, no more ageism, no more hatred…no more!”

It’s up to you, Jimmy Carter…Do you want to go down in history as a person who would not listen…or do you want to go down in history as a leader, as a President?

Jimmy Carter: listen to us today…or you will have to listen to all of us from all over the nation as we gather in Washington next year .

For we will gather there and we will tell you about America and what it really stands for.

And to the bigots, to the John Briggs, to the Anita Bryants, to the Kevin Starrs and all their ilk… Let me remind you what America is…listen carefully.

On the Statue of Liberty, it says, “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to be free…” In the Declaration of Independence it is written, “All men are created equal and they are endowed with certain inalienable rights…” And in our National Anthem it says: “Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave o’er the land of the free.”

For Mr. Briggs and Mrs. Green and Mr. Starr and all the bigots out there: that’s what America is . No matter how hard you try, you cannot erase those words from the Declaration of Independence. No matter how hare you try, you cannot chip those words from off the base of the Statue of Liberty. And no matter how hard you try, you cannot sing the “Star Spangled Banner” without those words.

That’s what America is.

Love it or leave it .

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An archive of hope : Harvey Milk's speeches and writings

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• Preface Foreword: Harvey" Frank M. Robinson Introduction: Harvey Milk's Political Archive & Archival Politics Chapter One: Milk and the Culture of Populism
• 1. Interview with Harvey Milk, " interview, Kalendar, 17 August 1973
• 2. Address to the San Francisco Chapter of the National Women s Political Caucus, " speech, 5 September 1973
• 3. Address to the Joint International Longshoremen & Warehousemen s Union of San Francisco and to the Lafayette Club, " speech, 30 September 1973
• 4. An Open Letter to the Mayor of San Francisco, " public letter, 22 September 1973
• 5. MUNI/Parking Garage, " press release, 27 September 1973
• 6. Alfred Seniora, " press release, 28 September 1973
• 7. Who Really Represents You, " campaign flyer, September 1973
• 8. Milk Note, " column, Vector 1 February 1974
• 9. Anyone Can Be a Movie Critic: How Not to Find Leadership, " editorial, San Francisco Crusader, February 1974
• 10. Letter to the City of San Francisco Hall of Justice on Police Brutality, " public letter, 14 February 1974
• 11. Where I Stand, " article draft, Sentinel, 28 March 1974
• 12. Where There is No Victim, There is No Crime, " press release, 1 April 1974
• 13. Political Power, " article draft, Sentinel, 23 May 1974
• 14. Letter to the San Francisco Chronicle about Anti-Gay Editorials, " letter draft, 1 July 1974
• 15. Library or Performing Arts Center, " press release, 4 December 1974 Chapter Two: The Grassroots Activist Becomes The Mayor of Castro Street"
• 16. Au Contraire PCR Needed, " column, Bay Area Reporter, 9 February 1975
• 17. Harvey Milk for Supervisor, " campaign letter, 26 February 1975
• 18. Statement of Harvey Milk, Candidate for the 16th Assembly District, " campaign material, 9 March 1976
• 19. Reactionary Beer, " column, Bay Area Reporter, 18 March 1976
• 20. Nixon's Revenge The Republicans and Their Supreme Court, " column, Bay Area Reporter, 15 April 1976
• 21. My Concept as a Legislator, " column, Bay Area Reporter, 27 May 1976
• 22. Uncertainty of Carter or the Certainty of Ford, " column, Bay Area Reporter, 2 September 1976
• 23. A Nation Finally Talks About It, " column, Bay Area Reporter, 9 June 1977
• 24. Gay Economic Power, " column, Bay Area Reporter, 15 September 1977
• 25. You ve Got to Have Hope, " speech, 24 June 1977 Chapter Three: Supervisor Milk Speaks
• 26. Harvey Speaks Out, " interview, Bay Area Reporter, 8 December 1977
• 27. A City of Neighborhoods: First Major Address I and II, " reprinted speech, Bay Area Reporter, 10 January 1978 and 2 February 1978
• 28. The Word is Out, " public letter, 1 February 1978
• 29. Letter to Abe' on Domestic Politics, " private letter, 7 February 1978
• 30. Letter to Council Members re Judging People by Myths, " public letter, 13 March 1978
• 31. Resolution Requiring State Department to Close the South African Consulate" and Closing the Consulate, " press releases, 22 March 1978
• 32. Letter to President Jimmy Carter, " private letter, 12 April 1978
• 33. Untitled (on Gay Caucus and Gay Power), " column, Bay Area Reporter, " 27 April 1978
• 34. California Gay Caucus, " article draft, Alternate, 12 May 1978 Chapter Four: Milk and the Politics of Gay Rights
• 35. Keynote Speech at Gay Conference 5, " tape cassette transcription of speech, 10 June 1978
• 36. Gay Rights, " article draft, Coast to Coast, 16 June 1978
• 37. Gay Freedom Day Speech, " reprinted speech, Bay Area Reporter, 25 June 1978
• 38. To Beat Briggs, " column, Bay Area Reporter, 3 August 1978
• 39. I Have High Hopes Address, " stump speech, 1978
• 40. Harvey Milk vs. John Briggs, " televised debate transcription, 6 August 1978
• 41. The Positive or the Negative, " column, Bay Area Reporter, 31 August 1978
• 42. Statement on Briggs/Bigotry, " public letter, 22 September 1978
• 43. Overall Needs of the City, " speech, 25 September 1978
• 44. Ballot Argument Against Proposition 6, " public letter (with Frank Robinson), 7 November 1978 Chapter Five: Harvey's Last Words
• 45. Political Will, " tape cassette transcription, 18 November 1977 Document List Editor Biographies.
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