(a) Motilal Nehru | (iv) Prepared a Constitution for India in 1928 |
(b) B.R. Ambedkar | (iii) Chairman of the Drafting Committee |
(c) Rajendra Prasad | (i) President of the Constituent Assembly |
(d) Sarojini Naidu | (ii) Member of the Constituent Assembly |
(a) Sovereign (b) Republic (c) Fraternity (d) Secular | (i) Government will not favour any religion. (ii) People have the supreme right to make decisions. (iii) Head of the state is an elected person. (iv) People should live like brothers and sisters. |
(a) Sovereign (b) Republic (c) Fraternity (d) Secular | (ii) People have the supreme right to make decisions. (iii) Head of the state is an elected person. (iv) People should live like brothers and sisters. (i) Government will not favour any religion. |
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Short Answer Type Questions
Q1: Describe the steps taken to form the Constituent Assembly. [CBSE 2016, 2023] Or How was the Indian Constituent Assembly formed? [hots] Ans: The Indian Constituent Assembly was formed for the task of framing the Constitution for independent India. The elections to the Provisional Legislative Assembly were held in July 1946. The elected members of the Provisional Legislative Assembly elected the members for the Constituent Assembly through a proportional representation system. There were in total of 389 members in the Constituent Assembly. Later with the Partition of India into India and Pakistan, 299 members wrote the constitution. It included 70 members from princely states and nine women. 284 present members gave their assent and the Indian Constitution was passed.
Long Answer Type Questions
Q1: The formation of the Indian constitution was no less difficult than that of the constitution of South Africa. Do you agree? Explain with five arguments. [CBSE 2017, 2022] Or “India emerged as an independent country against heavy turmoil.” Justify the statement. [CBSE 2019] Ans: It is a fact that like South Africa, India’s Constitution was also drawn up under very difficult circumstances as mentioned below : (i) India is a huge and diverse country. This made making the constitution a difficult task. (ii) We got independence in 1947, People were emerging from the status of subjects to that of citizens. (iii) The country was born as a result of partition on the basis of religious differences. A large number of people were killed in communal clashes. This was a traumatic experience for the people of India as well as Pakistan. (iv) The British had left it to the rulers of the princely states to decide whether they wanted to merge with India or with Pakistan or remain independent. It was a very difficult task. (iv) The future of the country was not as secure as it is today. Thus the condition was that of turmoil and uncertainty. People were facing problems such as unemployment, violence and anxiety, separation from their loved ones due to partition. Q2: “The familiarity with political institutions of the colonial rule helped to develop an agreement over the institutional design.” Justify the statement. [CBSE 2016, 2022] Ans: The familiarity with political institutions of colonial rule helped to develop an agreement over the institutional design in the following ways. (a) The British rule gave voting rights to only a few. Later Election Commission was set up and voting rights were granted to all. (b) Elections were held in 1937 to Provincial Legislatures and Ministries were formed all over British India. The experience gained by Indians in the working of these institutions proved to be very useful for the country in setting up its own institutions and working in them. (c) The Indian Constitution adopted many institutional details and procedures from colonial laws like the Government of India Act, 1935. (d) The ideals of the French Revolution, the practice of Parliamentary democracy in Britain and the Bill of Rights in the US-inspired us to set up fundamental rights and duties. (e) The political institutions of the colonial rule are not just copied. They are questioned at every step to suit our nation’s conditions and set-up. In a way, they serve as a blueprint for setting up our institutions. Q3: Explain the importance of the institutional design of the Constitution of India. [CBSE 2016, 2018] Ans: The importance of the institutional design of the Constitution of India as follows: (a) The constitution is mainly about embodying its values into institutional arrangements. (b) It is a long and detailed document. Therefore, it needs to be amended quite regularly to keep it updated. (c) The constitution describes the constitutional arrangements in a very legal language. (d) The Constitution lays down a procedure for choosing persons to govern the country. It defines who will and how much power one will have to make which decisions. (e) It also puts limits on what the government can do by providing some rights to the citizens that cannot be violated.
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Last updated at April 16, 2024 by Teachoo
Like South Africa, India’s Constitution was also drawn up under very difficult circumstances. The making of the Constitution for a huge and diverse country like India was not an easy affair. At that time the people of India were emerging from the status of subjects to that of citizens. The country was born through a partition on the basis of religious differences. This was a traumatic experience for the people of India and Pakistan. At least ten lakh people were killed on both sides of the border in partition related violence. There was another problem. The British had left it to the rulers of the princely states to decide whether they wanted to merge with India or with Pakistan or remain independent. The merger of these princely states was a difficult and uncertain task. When the constitution was being written, the future of the country did not look as secure as it does today. The makers of the constitution had anxieties about the present and the future of the country.
Which country’s constitution was drawn under very difficult circumstances, besides india.
Besides India, South Africa’s constitution was drawn under very difficult circumstances.
The partition was between which two countries .
The partition was between India and Pakistan.
Why did the makers of the constitution have anxieties when the constitution was being written.
The makers of the constitution have anxieties when the constitution was being written because they were worried about the present and future of the country ,
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Constitutional design class 9 extra questions social science civics chapter 3.
Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 Constitutional Design
Question 1. The official policy of racial separation of ill treatment of blacks followed by the government of South Africa was called _______ . Answer: Apartheid
Question 2. An assembly of people’s representatives that writes a constitution for a country is _______ . Answer: Constituent assembly
Question 3. What do you know about ‘The Long Walk to Freedom’? Answer: It is an autobiography of Nelson Mandela.
Question 4. An introductory statement in a constitution which states the reasons and guiding values of the constitution is _______ . Answer: Preamble
Question 5. When did South Africa become a democratic country? Answer: 26 April, 1994
Question 6. Leaders of the freedom movement were clear that their country should be _______ . Answer: Democratic
Question 7. One of the guiding values of the constitution is sovereignty which means _______ . Answer: People have the supreme right to make decisions
Question 8. ‘Republic’ in consent to our constitution means _______ . Answer: Head of the state is an elected person
Question 9. All of us should behave as if we are members of the same family. No one should treat a fellow citizen as inferior. This defines a word given in Preamble of our Constitution which is _______ . Answer: Fraternity
Question 10. The famous speech given by Pt. Nehru on the eve of Independence Day is known as _______ . Answer: Tryst with Destiny
Question 11. In 1928, who along with eight other congress leaders? Answer: Motilal Nehru
Question 12. The Assembly adopted the Constitution on 26 November 1949 but it came into effect on 26 January _______ . Answer: 1950
Question 13. Who was the Chairmen of the drafting committee of Indian Constitution, social revolutionary, thinker and agitator against caste divisions? Answer: Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar
Question 14. In Indian Constitution, the Secular means _______ . Answer: Citizens have complete freedom to follow any religion
Question 15. There are no unreasonable restrictions on the citizens in India, in what way they think, how they wish to express their thoughts. This means they enjoy _______ . Answer: Liberty
Question 16. What was apartheid? Answer: Racial discrimination
Question 17. What is the full form of ANC? Answer: The African National Congress
Question 18. Where did Nelson Mandela spend his prison term? Answer: Nelson Mandela spent 28 years in South Africa’s most dreaded prison, Robben Island.
Question 19. Who was the first president of the newly born democracy in South Africa? Answer: Nelson Mandela
Question 20. Name the umbrella organisation that led the struggle against the policies , of segregation in South Africa. Answer: The African National Congress (ANC) was the umbrella organisation that led the struggle against the policies of segregation in South Africa.
Question 21. What determines the rights of citizens and the powers of the government? Answer: As the supreme law of the country, the Constitution determines the rights of citizens, the powers of the government and how the government should function.
Question 22. Who played a key role in the making of the Indian Constitution? Answer: Dr. B.R. Amdedkar played a key role in the making of the Indian Constitution.
Question 23. When did the process of the Making of the Indian Constitution begin? Answer: In 1928, Motilal Nehru and eight other Congress leaders drafted a constitution for India which marked the beginning of this process.
Question 24. Who was Rajendra Prasad? Answer: Rajendra Prasad was bom in Bihar. He was the President of the Constituent Assembly. He was also the first President of India.
Question 25. What does the phrase ‘Service of India’ mean? Answer: The phrase ‘Service of India’ means the service of the millions who suffer. It means the ending of poverty and ignorance and disease and inequality of opportunity.
Question 26. What is meant by ‘Constituent Assembly Debates’? Answer: The members deliberated for 114 days spread over three years. Every document presented and every word spoken in the Constituent Assembly has been recorded and preserved. These are called ‘Constituent Assembly Debates’.
Question 27. What do you understand by the term ‘the Preamble to the Constitution’? Answer: The Constitution begins with a short statement of its basic values. This is called the Preamble to the Constitution.
Question 28. What do you mean by the term ‘sovereign’? Answer: It means people have supreme right to make decisions on internal as well as external matters. No external power can dictate the government of India.
Question 29. What do you mean by the term ‘secular’? Answer: It means citizens have complete freedom to follow any religion, but there is no official religion. Government treats all religious beliefs and practices with equal respect.
Question 30. Why is the Preamble called the soul of the Indian Constitution? Answer: Because it contains the philosophy on which the entire constitution has been built. It provides a standard to examine and evaluate any law and action of government, to find out whether it is good or bad. It is the soul of the Indian Constitution.
Question 31. What is the significance of the phrase ‘We the people of India’ in the Preamble? Answer: The preamble is an introductory part of the Constitution. It is called the key of the Constitution. “We the people of India” means the Constitution has been drawn up and enacted by the people through their representatives, and not handed down to them by a king or any outside powers.
Question 1. What is meant by apartheid? How was it oppressive for the blacks? Answer: Apartheid was the name of a system of racial discrimination unique to South Africa. The white Europeans imposed this system on South Africa. The system of apartheid divided the people and labelled them according to their skin colour.
Many ‘whites’ had settled in South Africa and became the local rulers. The system of public toilets, were all separate for the whites and blacks. This, was called segregation. They could not even visit the churches where the whites worshipped. Blacks could not form associations or protest the terrible treatment.
Question 2. What do you mean by ‘Constitution’? Answer: The constitution of a country is a set of written rules that are accepted by all people living together in a country. Constitution is the supreme law that determines the relationship among people living in a territory (called citizens) and also the relationship between the people and government.
Question 3. What were the steps involved in the framing of the Indian Constitution? Answer: The drafting of the document called the constitution was done by an assembly of elected representatives called the Constituent Assembly. Elections to the Constituent Assembly were held in July 1946. Its first meeting was held in December 1946. Soon after, the country was divided into India and Pakistan. The Constituent Assembly was also divided into the Constituent Assembly of India and that of Pakistan. The Constituent Assembly that wrote the Indian Constitution had 299 members. The Assembly adopted the Constitution on 26 November, 1949 and it came into force on 26 January, 1950.
Question 4. What are the four main ideals enshrined in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution? Answer: The ideals written in the Preamble of the Constitution are as under :
Question 5. How did the Constituent Assembly work to prepare the Constitution for India? Answer: The Constituent Assembly worked in a systematic, open and consensual manner. First, some basic principles were decided and agreed upon. Then, a Drafting Committee chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar prepared a draft constitution for discussion. Several rounds of thorough discussion took place, clause by clause. More than 2000 amendments were considered. The members deliberated for 114 days spread over 3 years. Every document presented and every word spoken in the Constituent Assembly was recorded and preserved. These are called ‘Constituent Assembly Debates’.
Question 6. What are constitutional amendments? Answer: A constitution is not merely a statement of values and philosophy. A constitution is mainly about embodying these values into institutional arrangements. Indian Constitution is a very long and detailed document. Therefore, it needs to be amended quite regularly to keep it updated. Those who crafted the Indian Constitution felt that it must be in accordance with people’s aspirations and changes in society. They did not see it as a sacred, static and unalterable law. So, they made provisions to incorporate changes from time to time. These changes are called constitutional amendments.
Question 7. On what terms did the blacks agreed upon while making a Constitution for South Africa? Answer: After two years of discussion and debate, they came out with one of the finest constitutions the world has ever had. This constitution gave to its citizens the most extensive rights available in any country. Together, they decided that in the search for a solution to the problems, nobody should be excluded, no one should be treated as a demon. They agreed that everybody should become part of the solution, whatever they might have done or represented in the past.
Question 8. What was the reaction of the government towards the protest movement against the apartheid in South Africa? Answer: In South Africa, the white racist government continued to rule by detaining, torturing and killing thousands of black and coloured people. As protests and struggles against apartheid had increased, the government realised that they could no longer keep the blacks under their rule through repression. The white regime changed its policies. Discriminatory laws were repealed. Ban on political parties and restrictions on the media were lifted. After 28 years of imprisonment, Nelson Mandela walked out of the jail as a free man.
Question 9. Why did the South African people need a Constitution? Answer: The people of South Africa, need a constitution because :
Question 10. What was the philosophy behind the Constitution? Answer:
Question 11. What compromises did the blacks and white make? Answer: It was not an easy task for the two divergent people of South Africa—the White oppressors and the Black Oppressed one—to draw up a common Constitution for the country when it became free in 1994. After long negotiations both parties agreed to a compromises.
Question 12. What was the composition of the Constituent Assembly? Answer: The Constituent Assembly was elected mainly by the members of the existing Provincial Legislatures. This ensured a fair geographical share of members from all the regions of the country. The Assembly was dominated by the Indian National Congress, the party that led India’s freedom struggle. But, the Congress itself included a variety of political groups and opinions. The Assembly had many members who did not agree with the Congress. In social terms too, the Assembly represented members from different language groups, castes, classes, religions and occupations.
Question 13. What did Ambedkar mean by ‘contradictions’ in his concluding speech to the Constituent Assembly? 4]Q8I Answer: Dr. Ambedkar, who played a key role in the making of the Constitution, but he had a different understanding of how inequalities could be removed. In his concluding speech to the Constituent Assembly, Dr. Ambedkar said that India was entering a life of ‘contradictions’ on 26th January, 1950. According to him in politics, Indians would have equality but in social and economic life, there would be inequality. The politics should be based on the principle of one man one vote and one vote one value. In social and economic life, by reason of social and economic structure one must continue to deny the principle of one man one value.
Question 14. What are the various functions of a Constitution? Answer: A Constitution performs several functions such as :
Question 15. How does the Indian Constitution describes the institutional arrangements? Answer: The Constitution describes the institutional arrangements in a very legal language.
Question 1. Why was the making of the Indian Constitution not an easy affair? Answer: Like South Africa, India’s Constitution was also drawn up under very difficult circumstances.
Question 2. Why should we accept the Constitution made by the Assembly more than fifty years ago? Answer: The Constitution does not reflect the views of its members alone. It expresses a broad consensus of its time. Many countries of the world have had to rewrite their Constitution afresh because the basic rules were not accepted to all major social groups or political parties.
Over the last half a century, several groups have questioned some provisions of the Constitution. But no large social group or political party has ever questioned the legitimacy of the Constitution itself. This is an unusual achievement for any constitution. The second reason for accepting the Constitution is that the Constituent Assembly represented the people of India. There was no universal adult franchise at that time. So, the Constituent Assembly could not have been chosen directly by all the people of India.
The way in which the Constituent Assembly worked gives sanctity to the Constitution. The Constituent Assembly worked in a systematic, open and consensual manner. First some basic principles were decided and agreed upon. Then a Drafting Committee chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar prepared a draft constitution for discussion. Several rounds of thorough discussion took place on the Draft Constitution, clause by clause. More than two thousand amendments were considered.
Every document presented, and every word spoken in the Constituent Assembly has been recorded and preserved. These are called ‘Constituent Assembly Debates’. These debates provide the rationale behind every provision of the Constitution. These are used to interpret the meaning of the Constitution.
Question 3. Explain the different key words used in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution. Answer: Several key words have been used in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution :
(i) WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA: The constitution has been drawn up and enacted by the people through their representatives, and not handed down to them by a king or any outside powers.
(ii) SOVEREIGN: People have supreme right to make decisions on internal as well as external matters. No external power can dictate the government of India.
(iii) SOCIALIST: Wealth is generated socially and should be shared equally by society. Government should regulate the ownership of land and industry to reduce socio-economic inequalities.
(iv) SECULAR: Citizens have complete freedom to follow any religion. But there is no official religion. Government treats all religious beliefs and practices with equal respect.
(v) DEMOCRATIC: A form of government where people enjoy equal political rights, elect their rulers and hold them accountable. The government is run according to some basic rules.
(vi) REPUBLIC: The head of the stats is an elected person and not a hereditary . position.
(vii) JUSTICE: Citizens cannot be discriminated on the grounds of caste, religion and gender. Social inequalities must be reduced. Government should work for the welfare of all, especially of the disadvantaged groups.
(viii) LIBERTY: There are no unreasonable restrictions on the citizens in what they think, how they wish to express their thoughts and the way they wish to follow up their thoughts in action.
(ix) EQUALITY: All are equal before the law. The traditional social inequalities must be ended. The government should ensure equal opportunity for all.
(x) FRATERNITY: All of us should behave as if we are members of the same family. No one should treat a fellow citizen as inferior.
Question 4. “The South African Constitution inspires democrats all over the world” Comment. Answer: The South African constitution inspires democrats all over the world in the following ways.
Question 1. Write a short note on Nelson Mandela. Solution: Nelson Mandela fought against white domination in South Africa. He cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities.
The South African government tried him for treason and imprisoned him for daring to oppose the apartheid regime in his country. Mandela spent 28 years in South Africa’s most dreaded prison, Robben Island.
After 28 years of imprisonment, Nelson Mandela was released. On 26th April 1994, the new national flag of the Republic of South Africa was unfurled marking the newly born democracy in the world. Nelson Mandela was made the first President of this new democracy.
Question 2. What is a Constitution? Solution: Unlike a monarchy, in a democracy the rulers are not free to do what they like. Certain basic rules have to be followed by the citizens and the government. These rules put together are called the Constitution. As the supreme law of the country, the constitution determines the rights of citizens, the powers of the government and how the government should function.
Question 3. What was basis of the apartheid regime in South Africa? Solution: The apartheid regime differentiated people on the basis of their skin colour. The native people of South Africa who were black skinned were called ‘blacks’. They made up about three fourth of the population. People of mixed races who were called ‘coloured’. The White Europeans were called ‘Whites’. The white rulers treated all non whites as inferior.
Question 4. How were the non whites discriminated? Solution: The non whites did not have any voting rights. The apartheid regime was particularly oppressive for the ‘blacks’ and the ‘coloured’. They were forbidden from living in white areas. They could work in white areas only if they had a permit.
There were separate trains, buses, taxis, hotels, hospitals, schools and colleges, libraries, cinema halls, theatres, beaches, swimming pools and public toilets, for the whites and blacks. The blacks were not allowed into the Churches frequented by the whites. There were not allowed to form any association to represent their problems. This system of racial discrimination, unique to South Africa, was called Apartheid.
Question 5. Which was the first organisation that led the first against Apartheid? Solution: The African National Congress (ANC) was the first organisation that led the struggle against Apartheid.
Question 6. Why is South Africa called a ‘rainbow nation’ today? Solution: There is no social or any discrimination based on skin colour in free south Africa, today. Blacks, whites and coloured people, men and women, live as free citizens, in total harmony. This is why they call South Africa a ‘rainbow nation’.
Question 7. What was the situation at the time India achieved independence? Solution: At that time of independence, the people of India were emerging from the status of subjects to that of citizens. India and Pakistan were born through a partition on the basis of religious differences. This was a traumatic experience for the people of India and Pakistan. Lakhs of people were killed on both sides of the border in partition related violence. The British had left it to the rulers of the princely states to decide whether they wanted to merge with India or with Pakistan or remain independent. This created a lot of turmoil.
Question 8. Write a short note on the first Constituent assembly. Solution: Elections to the first Constituent Assembly were held in July 1946. The elected members drafted the document called the Constitution. The Constituent Assembly held its first meeting in November 1946. Soon after the country was divided into India and Pakistan. The Constituent Assembly was also divided into the Constituent Assembly of India and that of Pakistan. The Indian Constituent assembly had 299 members. The Assembly adopted the Constitution on 26 November 1949. The constitution only came into effect on January 26, 1950. So Republic Day is celebrated on the 26 th of January , every year.
Question 9. How is the South African Constitution looked upon today? Solution: The South African constitution inspires democrats all over the world. South Africa was a State which was looked down upon by many during the Apartheid regime. Today the determination of the people of South Africa to work together, without bearing any grudges against the white regime in looked upon with great respect. The South African Constitution sees people of all skin colours as equal. Men and women are treated equally.
Question 10. What is a Preamble? Quote the Preamble of our constitution. Solution: A Preamble is an introductory statement in a constitution which states the reasons and guiding values of the constitution.
” We, the people of India having solemnly resolved to constitute India into SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and secure to all its citizens justice, social, economic and political. Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship. Equality of statue and of opportunity and to promote among them all fraternity, assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation, in our constitutional assembly, this 26 th day of November.1949, do hereby adopt, enact and give to ourselves this constitution.”
Question 11. Who constituted the Constituent assembly? Solution: The Assembly was dominated by the Indian National Congress, which led India’s freedom struggle. The Indian National Congress included a variety of political groups . these different groups had different opinions.
The Assembly also had many members who did not agree with the Congress. On the social platform, the Assembly was represented by members from different language groups, castes, classes, religions and occupations.
Question 12. What is secularism? Solution: When a Government treats all religious beliefs and practices with equal respect it called a secular government. There is no official religion. Citizens have complete freedom to follow any religion.
Question 13. Define ‘ Democratic Republic’. Solution: ‘ Democratic Republic’ is a form of government where people enjoy equal political rights, elect their rulers and hold them accountable. The government is run according to some basic rules. The head of the state is an elected person and not a hereditary ruler.
Question 14. Write a brief note on the following personalities. (a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Sarojini Naidu (c) Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar Solution: (a) Jawaharlal Nehru was born in the year 1889 and died in the year 1964. He was born in the state of Uttar Pradesh. He was a lawyer by profession. He was the Prime Minister of the interim government. As a Congress leader he advocated socialism, democracy and anti imperialism. Later he was appointed the First Prime Minister of India.
(b) Sarojini Naidu was born in the year 1879 and died in the year 1949. She was born in Andhra Pradesh. She was a poet, writer and political activist. She was among the foremost women leaders in the Congress. Later she was appointed the Governor of Uttar Pradesh.
(c) Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar was born in the year 1891 and died in the year 1956. He was born in Maharashtra. He was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution. He was a Social revolutionary thinker and agitated against caste divisions and caste based inequalities. He was made the Law minister in the first cabinet of post independence India.
Question 15. Was Mahatma Gandhi a member of the Constituent Assembly? Solution: No, Mahatma Gandhi was not a member of the Constituent Assembly.
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CBSE class 9 chapter 2 Constitutional Design deals with concepts like what is a constitution, their needs, values of the constitution and amendments. All of the key ideas covered in the chapter are included in the Vedantu PDF that is available on the official website of Vedantu. Experts have curated the revision materials so that students would have a clearer knowledge of democracy and its characteristics.
The revision notes are created while taking the CBSE board's requirements into account. People can thus consult them and benefit from the notes, thereby doing well on exams. Start learning whenever and wherever you choose by gaining access to the Revision notes of Class 9 in a free printable PDF format.
The following are the important topics covered in the CBSE Class 9 Political Science Chapter 2 Revision Notes.
Democratic Constitution in South Africa
Giving Rise to a New Constitution
Need for constitution
Making of the Indian Constitution
The Path to the Constitution
The Constituent Assembly
Guiding Values of the Indian Constitution
The Dream and the Promise
Philosophy of the Constitution
Institutional Design
The following are a few of the most significant benefits of using Vedantu's Class 9 Political Science Chapter 2 Revision Notes.
It covers each of the chapter's key points.
The principles are explained in clear, understandable terms.
The revision notes follow the most recent CBSE syllabus requirements.
The most effective method of exam preparation is to review your notes. This will ensure faster revision without compromising on quality preparation.
It allows applicants to master all the fundamentals while saving time.
It aids in improving one's comprehension of the subjects.
The notes are supplemented with solved questions to aid in student’s enhanced preparation and exploring of their level of knowledge and understanding.
1. what does secularity mean.
Ans: The condition of being neutral toward all religions is known as secularity, often referred to as the secular. The practice of any religion is completely free for anyone to do. However, there is no recognised religion. All religious practices and beliefs are respected equally by the government.
2. What is Apartheid?
Ans: Apartheid is a system of racial segregation that was established by white Europeans alone in South Africa. The European commerce enterprises occupied it with force and imposed their dominance during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. People were segregated and given labels based on their skin colour during the apartheid regime.
3 What is constituent assembly?
Ans: The constituent assembly is the term used to refer to the drafting committee of the constitution. Elections to the Constituent Assembly were held in July 1946 and its first meeting was held in December 1946.
Let's have a look at some recommendations for students who want to do well in their forthcoming tests.
Cover the entire curriculum.
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Solve test questions and practise papers from past years.
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Also, check CBSE Class 9 Political Science revision notes for All chapters:
CBSE Class 9 Political Science Chapter-wise Notes |
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Chapter 2 - Constitutional Design Notes |
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What is a constitution.
There are certain basic rules that the citizens and the government of a nation have to follow. All such rules together are called the constitution. As the supreme law of the country, the constitution determines the rights and duties of the citizens, the powers of the government and how the government should function. This chapter throws light on all these aspects and provides a comprehensive idea of the constitution of a country.
Struggle against apartheid.
Racial discrimination in South Africa is set by white Europeans. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, trading companies from Europe settled in and became local administrators. The apartheid system divided people and marked them by the colour of their skin. White rulers treated all white people as superior. Non-whites had no voting rights and were barred from living in white areas. Blacks, coloured and Indians have been fighting apartheid since 1950. The African National Congress (ANC) was an umbrella organization that was against the apartheid policies. Nelson Mandela was one of eight leaders accused of sedition by the white South African government. They were sentenced to life in prison in 1964 on charges of opposing the country's apartheid regime.
Formation of the New Constitution
As anti-apartheid protests intensified, blacks could no longer be held hostage under dictatorship. The white government changed its policies. Discriminatory laws were repealed. The ban on political parties and media restrictions has been lifted. Nelson Mandela was released after 28 years in Robben Island prison. The apartheid government ended at midnight on April 26, 1994, paving the way for the formation of a multi-racial government.
After the emergence of a new democratic South Africa, the ruling dictatorship and the genocide and the party that led the liberation struggle came together to form a common constitution. This constitution gives its citizens the greatest rights available in any country. Together, they decided that in the pursuit of a solution, no one should be excluded.
Why a Constitution?
Take the example of South Africa to see why we need a constitution and what constitutions do. The oppressor and the oppressed planned to live together as equals in the new democracy. Each section wanted to protect their interests and demanded greater social and economic rights. Through negotiations, both sides agreed. Whites agree with the principle of democracy and that one person has one vote. They also agreed to accept certain basic rights for the poor and the working class. Blacks have agreed that much of the law will not be complete and that the majority will not dispossess the white minority. How should this relaxation be made? The only way to build and maintain confidence in such a situation would be to write down some rules of the game for everyone to follow. These supreme laws that no government can ignore are called the constitution.
Each country has its own distinct groups of people. People all over the world have different opinions and interests. The constitution is the supreme law that determines the relationship between the people living in an area (called citizens) and the relationship between the people and the government. Find out what the following principles are:
First, it creates the level of trust and communication needed for different types of people to live together
Second, it sets out how the government will be formed, who will have the power to make decisions.
Third, it puts limits on the powers of government and tells us what citizens' rights are.
Fourth, it reflects people's desires for a better society
All countries with constitutions are not democratic but on the other side all democratic countries will have constitutions.
Guidelines for the Constitution of India
First, we need to understand what our Constitution is all about. Read the views of our great leaders on our Constitution and read what the Constitution says about its philosophy. This is done in the preamble of the Constitution.
Dream and Promise:
There were many members who followed the view of Mahatma Gandhi. India's dream of eradicating inequality was shared by Dr. Ambedkar, who played a key role in drafting the Constitution, but his vision for eliminating inequality in India was different from Gandhiji's.
We, the People of India: The Constitution was drafted and made by the people through representatives, and was not given by the king any foreign power.
Governor: People have the right to make decisions on internal and external matters. No foreign power can control and suppress the Indian Government.
Socialist: Wealth is created in society and should be shared equally by society. Government must regulate land and industry ownership to reduce social and economic inequalities.
Country: Citizens have complete freedom to practice any religion. But there is no official religion. The government will treat all religious beliefs and practices with the same equal respect.
Democratic: A form of government where people enjoy equal political rights, elect their own rulers and hold them accountable. The government is governed by certain basic rules.
Republic: The head of state is the elected person.
Justice: Citizens cannot be discriminated against on the basis of race, religion, or sexual orientation. Social inequality should be reduced. The government should work for the well-being of all, especially the poor.
Freedom: There are no unreasonable restrictions on citizens' thinking, how they wish to express their thoughts and how they wish to follow their ideas in action.
Equality: All are equal before the law. Traditional social inequality must end. The government needs to ensure that all people must have equal opportunities.
Brotherhood: We should all act as members of one family. No one should treat his fellow citizen as inferior.
Modeling Council
The drafting of the constitution was done in a meeting of elected representatives referred to as the Constituent Assembly. Election Council elections were held in July 1946 and its first meeting was held in December 1946. Shortly thereafter, the country was divided into India and Pakistan and the Constituent Assembly was also divided into the Constituent Assembly of India and Pakistan. The Constituent Assembly which drafted the Indian constitution had a total of 299 members. The Assembly adopted the Constitution on 26 November 1949 but came into operation on 26 January 1950. To mark this day we celebrate January 26 as Republic Day every year.
Institutional design
This is about integrating these principles into institutional arrangements. Very long and detailed text. Therefore, it needs to be updated regularly to keep it updated. It is provided for the introduction of changes, known as periodic amendments to the constitution. Like any other Constitution, the Constitution of India also provides for the election of a new president. It describes who will have the power to make decisions. It also limits what the government can do by granting certain unrestricted citizens' rights.
Students while preparing the chapter of constitutional design always have a common question in mind which is what is constitutional design? And to give a perfect answer to this question, constitutional design notes explained the democratic Constitution of South Africa and Apartheid.
The racial discrimination that was imposed in South Africa by the White Europeans is termed as Apartheid. The White Europeans with arms and forces started ruling South Africa in the seventeenth and eighteenth century. They started Apartheid and divided people based on their skin colour. Under their rule, all non-whites were treated as inferiors and as slaves. Voting rights were not given to non-white citizens of the country, and they are also not allowed to stay in areas where white people were residing.
The black coloured and Indian start their fight against this discrimination from the year 1950 by making an umbrella organisation which was named as African National Congress. Nelson Mandela was one of the leaders who was fighting against this struggle and was sentenced to imprisonment in 1964 on the context of his opposition against the Apartheid.
The protest and struggle against the Apartheid risen every day, making it hard for the white government to keep the blacks under the policies of Apartheid due to which the white government was bound to change its policies. All the discriminatory laws of the country were declared void and banned parties were again operational. Nelson Mandela was released from jail after a long duration of 28 years. The Apartheid government finally came to an end on the night of 26th April 1994.
Following the rise of New Democratic South Africa, this party has gone through all oppression and brutal killings. This party was leading the freedom struggle and was the main reason for the creation of a new non-racial Constitution. This Constitution gave rights to every citizen of South Africa without any racial discrimination.
The need for Constitution can be witnessed in the Apartheid situation of South Africa. The rulers and the people who were being ruled in South Africa were planning to live under one democracy where they both will be considered as equals. Each section was of the motive to safeguard its interest and was keen to enjoy some social and economic rights. After a lot of negotiations, both the parties cracked a deal which was acceptable by both the parties. In this deal, the whites were in support of the principle of majority rule in which one person has the right to give one vote. They also agreed to impose some rights for the poor and workers. In this deal, the blacks agreed to the point that if they win in the majority, they will not take away the properties of the white minority. The only way to make this legal was to write the rules that everyone should follow. The rules that can't be ignored by any government is termed as the Constitution.
Every country has different types of people with diverse thoughts. People have a difference of opinion and interests. The Constitution is the supreme law which is responsible for determining the relationship among people living in a territory and the relationship between government and people. Below, there is a list of functions that a constitution performs:
It is responsible for generating a certain amount of trust and coordination among people who have different opinions.
It informs the rules and regulations under which a government will get selected who is meant for ruling the country.
The Constitution is responsible for limiting the powers of the government over citizens and also informs the citizens about their rights.
It is responsible for expressing the aspirations of the people which is required for creating a good society.
This was the complete discussion on the CBSE Class 9 Political Science Chapter 2 Revision Notes (Free PDF Download). Get your queries resolved by experts at Vedantu. We follow the updated NCERT criteria for curating the content for CBSE Class 9 Political Science Chapter 2 Revision Notes.
The revision notes offered here are intended to aid students in grasping the essential characteristics of constitutional democracy. Students would indeed be able to answer questions like: Why do we need a Constitution? How was the constitution written? What are the values of a constitution? How can amendments in the constitution be introduced? These CBSE Notes Class 9 Political Science Chapter 1 notes answer all such questions.
Vedantu's provision of free PDF downloads for CBSE Class 9 Political Science Chapter 2 Revision Notes is an exceptional resource for students. These comprehensive notes distill complex political concepts into easily digestible information, aiding in effective exam preparation. They offer a structured and organized overview of the chapter, making it simpler for students to grasp crucial content. Vedantu's commitment to providing these notes for free enhances accessibility to quality educational materials, benefiting students regardless of their geographical location or financial resources. These revision notes not only facilitate better understanding but also empower students to excel in their political science studies, ultimately contributing to their academic success. So dont wait Download revision notes of Political Science now!
1. Discuss the making of the Indian Constitution.
Indian Constitution was drafted under tough and challenging situations. The country was born along with a partition which was based upon religious differences. After independence, India was divided into India and Pakistan, which was a challenging situation for both the countries. In all this situation, our freedom fighters with dedication and coordination drafted a democratic constitution for India. Indian Constitution showed the rights and duties of a citizen of India. It also specified the amount of power the government can put upon the citizens. There was no discrimination based on caste, creed and colour in the Indian Constitution. Every citizen was considered equal. Some of the laws included in the Constitution are adopted from the colonial laws.
2. What is a constituent assembly?
An assembly drafted the Constitution of India with elected representatives. This assembly is known as a constituent assembly. The constituent assembly representatives election was held in July 1946. The first meeting of the constituent assembly was held in December 1946. The constituent assembly of India had a total of 299 members. The assembly adopted the Constitution on 26 November 1949, but it came into effect from 26 January 1949. To mark this day, the country celebrates this day as the republic day. The assembly was constituted of the freedom fighters of India who have struggled for years for this moment.
3. What is constitutional design in Chapter 2 of Class 9 Political Science (Civics) notes?
The constitutional design records the procedure for the formation of the government. It defines the power distributed among various sections of the government. The constitutional design also puts forth some of the restrictions on the power of the constitutional design body. To gain more insights on this chapter, students are advised to follow the revision notes provided by the Vedantu to perform well in the exam. These notes are prepared by the experts for the students to understand the concepts well. The notes and solutions are present on Vedantu's official website (vedantu.com) and mobile app for free of cost.
4. What are the basic rules that are followed to form a constitution in Chapter 2 of Class 9 Political Science (Civics)?
The constitution is formed by three basic rules. They are:
The rules record how the leaders of the country should be elected in the future
The constitution lays down rules on what the elected governments are empowered to do and what they cannot do.
These rules should ensure a relationship between the citizens and the government and determine the rights of the people.
Students can learn more about this in the Revision Notes of Chapter 2 of Class 9 Social Science Political Science notes.
5. What is a Constitution in Chapter 2 of Class 9 Political Science (Civics) in short?
The constitution is the most important law of the country. It records the powers and the functions of the government. It lays down the procedure for choosing an individual to govern the country and also mentions the amount of power each person in the government will have to make decisions for the welfare of the country and its people. Vedantu offers a lot more knowledgeable information in this chapter to make the concepts easier for the students to comprehend. Download the revision notes and prepare for your exams.
6. How are revision notes of Chapter 2 of Class 9 Political Science (Civics) beneficial to the students for Social Studies?
Social Science is a scoring subject. Students need to understand the concepts and concentrate on how to score full marks in this subject. To secure good marks, revision is very important as it helps in memory retention. Vedantu, with help of experts, has prepared revision notes of Chapter 2 of Class 9 Political Science that students can use to the fullest as it provides authentic information. Students need not waste their time making notes of important concepts as the revision notes designed by Vedantu has it all.
7. Is Chapter 2 of Class 9 Social Science easy to understand?
The students will learn about the constitution and its functions in Chapter 2. Since Social Science is a theoretical subject, students can easily understand the concepts. Vedantu provides revision notes for all the chapters designed by the experts in an easy and simple manner for the students to grasp the topics quickly. Students while preparing for their exams can make use of the revision notes to make the learning process easy. Download the free pdf of the revision notes on the Vedantu website or the app.
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Case Study Questions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Constitutional Design Case Study Questions Question 1: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follows: A Constitution is not merely a statement of values and philosophy. As we noted above, a Constitution is mainly about embodying these values into institutional arrangements. Much … Continue reading Case ...
Give reasons why each of these is true or not true. a The authority of the rules of the constitution is the same as that of any other law. b Constitution lays down how different organs of the government will be formed. c Rights of citizens and limits on the power of the government are laid down in the constitution.
Unlock the comprehensive study with Vedantu through the Civics Class 9 Chapter 2 Questions and Answers PDF. This gives access to our Constitutional Design Class 9 PDF, which explains fundamental principles crucial for understanding the subject's intricacies with Class 9 Civics NCERT Solutions. 1.
Constitutional Design Case Study Questions (CSQ's) Select the number of questions for the test: Keep paper and pencil ready but keep your books away. You can move between questions and answer them in any order you like. These tests are unlimited in nature…take as many as you like. You will be able to view the solutions only after you end ...
Class 9 Social Science Case Study Question 1. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: On the morning of 14 July 1789, the city of Paris was in a state of alarm. The king had commanded troops to move into the city. Rumours spread that he would soon order the army to open fire upon the citizens.
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Civics Chapter 2 - Constitutional Design is given here for students to study and score good marks in the CBSE exams. In a democracy, the rulers are not free to do what they like. There are certain basic rules that the citizens and the government have to follow. All such rules together make up the Constitution.
4. Explain the importance of the institutional design of the Constitution of India. Answer: The importance of the institutional design of the Constitution of India as follows: (a) The constitution is mainly about embodying its values into institutional arrangements. (b) It is a long and detailed document. Therefore, it needs to be amended quite ...
Download CBSE Class 9 Political Science Chapter 2 Constitutional Design Important Questions PDF. Constitutional Design. 1. Write a note on Constitution. Explain the functions of the Constitution. 2. Elaborate on the Democratic Constitution In South Africa. 3.
Solutions of Test: Constitutional Design- Assertion-Reason & Case Based Questions questions in English are available as part of our course for Class 9 & Test: Constitutional Design- Assertion-Reason & Case Based Questions solutions in Hindi for Class 9 course. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for Class 9 Exam by signing up for free.
Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions. Question 1: Here are some false statements. Identify the mistake in each case and rewrite these correctly based on what you have read in this chapter. (a) Leaders of the freedom movement had an open mind about whether the country should be democratic or not after independence.
The "NCERT Solution: Constitutional Design Class 9 Questions" guide is a valuable resource for all aspiring students preparing for the Class 9 exam. It focuses on providing a wide range of practice questions to help students gauge their understanding of the exam topics.
These are some of the basic questions asked in Chapter 2 of CBSE Class 9 Political Science. To obtain a clear and crisp overview of all the concepts from this chapter, students can browse through these CBSE Notes Class 9 Political Science Chapter 2 Constitutional Design. Given below in this article is the link to access the CBSE Class 9 Social ...
The Preamble to the Indian Constitution lays emphasis on the following ideals: (1) Justice social, economic and political. (2) Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship. (3) Equality of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all. (4) Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity of the nation.
Answer: An introductory statement containing guiding values in a Constitution is known as Preamble. 22. Name the leader who used to write in the magazine 'Young India' in 1931. Answer: Mahatma Gandhi used to write in the magazine 'Young India' in 1931. 23.
Access the Important Questions for Class 9 Political Science (Civics) Chapter 2 Constitutional Design. 1. Draft a Constitutional note. Describe the roles that the Constitution plays. Ans: A constitution is a fundamental document that outlines the principles and framework for how a country is governed.
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Democratic Politics-I Chapter 3 Constitutional Design. Page 53. 1. Here are some false statements. Identify the mistake in each case and rewrite these correctly based on what you have read in this chapter. (a) Leaders of the freedom movement had an open mind about whether the country should be ...
Answer. (a) Leaders of the freedom movement had a consensus that the country should be a democratic nation after independence. (b) Members of the Constituent Assembly of India held the same views on the basic principles of the constitution. (c) A country that is a democracy must have a constitution. (d) Constitution can be amended to keep up ...
Q3: Explain the importance of the institutional design of the Constitution of India. [CBSE 2016, 2018] Ans: The importance of the institutional design of the Constitution of India as follows: (a) The constitution is mainly about embodying its values into institutional arrangements. (b) It is a long and detailed document.
Like South Africa, India's Constitution was also drawn up under very difficult circumstances. The making of the Constitution for a huge and diverse country like India was not an easy affair. At that time the people of India were emerging from the status of subjects to that of citizens. The country was born through a partition on the basis of ...
Constitutional Design Class 9 NCERT Extra Questions. Question 1. Write a short note on Nelson Mandela. Solution: Nelson Mandela fought against white domination in South Africa. He cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities.
FAQs on CBSE Class 9 Political Science Chapter 2 Revision Notes (Free PDF Download) 1. Discuss the making of the Indian Constitution. Indian Constitution was drafted under tough and challenging situations. The country was born along with a partition which was based upon religious differences. After independence, India was divided into India and ...
Free Question Bank for 9th Class Social Science Constitutional Design. Customer Care : 6267349244 ... Case Based (MCQs) - Constitutional Design Practice Now. Assertion And Reason (MCQs) - Constitutional Design ... Study Packages Question Bank Online Test Solved Papers Clat; Videos