phd by prior publication

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PhD by Prior Publication

Apply for a PhD by Prior Publication at the University of Surrey.

The PhD by Prior Publication provides a fast-track route to the PhD for people who have built up a portfolio of publications through their professional practice and who are already experienced in undertaking and delivering research projects.

This PhD option is particularly well suited to professionals who have been developing a research career and whose research skills and academic expertise are already at doctoral level. It gives you the opportunity to obtain academic recognition for your work and to benefit from the vibrant, multi-disciplinary research community at Surrey whilst you prepare your thesis with us.

Availability

The PhD by Prior Publication option is available across all subject areas offered by the University. You can find out more about research themes, potential supervisors of your thesis, and facilities by looking on our research programmes list .

Research support

As a PhD candidate at the University, you will have access to the professional development programme provided by the  Doctoral College . You will be able to access training in essential skills through our programme of workshops, mentoring and coaching. A dedicated postgraduate Careers and Employability team will also help you with preparing the next steps in your career after the completion of your PhD.

Entry requirements

Applicants for the PhD by Prior Publication will be either members of staff of the University of Surrey or employed by organisations with an established teaching and/or research collaboration with the University of Surrey.

Applicants must already have had publications accepted or published in reputable outlets before applying for the programme. There is no minimum requirement for the number of publications required but the quantity should be commensurate with the expectations in the discipline. 

English language requirements

IELTS Academic: 6.5 or above with a minimum of 6.0 in each component (or equivalent). View the exemptions to this requirement.

How to apply

We recommend having an initial conversation with a potential supervisor to discuss your PhD plans before submitting an application. You can browse our academic departments  to find the contact details of academics in your area of interest.

For any questions relating to your application, contact [email protected] .

When you are ready to submit a formal application, you can do so using our  online application form .

Application requirements

Applications for the PhD by Prior Publication must include:

• A list of the publications on which the application is based
• The area(s) in which you have been working
• A brief description of the research undertaken
• A brief statement about when and where the research was undertaken
• For any co-authored works, a statement about your contribution to the publication
• A declaration about whether any of the publications on which this application is based have formed part of the submission for any other degree awarded to you. Works submitted for any other award will not be accepted as part of your application.
• An academic reference from a referee who knows you in a professional capacity.

Selection process

Selection is based on applicants meeting the expected entry requirements, assessment of the application, successful interview, and satisfactory reference

Additional costs

There are additional costs that you can expect to incur when studying at Surrey.

A  Postgraduate Doctoral Loan  can help with course fees and living costs while you study a postgraduate doctoral course.

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A PhD by prior publication/portfolio will typically take one year. The award allows people who have not followed the traditional academic route towards a PhD to obtain academic recognition for having undertaken and produced research, and developed their research skills and subject knowledge to doctoral level. 

This may include people entering higher education in mid-career, especially in practice-based disciplines.   Word length for the PhD thesis varies according to discipline; it will include substantial published work and an introductory section of about 10,000 words. On completion it will be the subject of an oral examination, in which you will show how you have:

• critically investigated your area of research; and
• made an independent and original contribution to knowledge.

Further guidance is available in our PhD by prior publication/portfolio guidelines (PDF).

Students applying to the Faculty of Engineering, Computing and the Environment or the School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry should also read the additional subject-specific guidance:  SEC PhD publication guidelines for PhD by prior publication /portfolio (PDF)

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Is a "PhD by prior publication" recognized the same as a conventional one?

A "PhD by (prior) publication" is an alternative way of pursuing a doctoral degree, where the degree is awarded based on a portfolio/collection of (related) papers that the candidate has published in peer-reviewed journals. This approach seems to be more common in Australia and the UK, but even then it still is not very widespread (according to Times Higher Education, only 1 out of 3 UK universities offered such opportunities). Is a degree obtained in this way just as legitimate, and does it hold the same value and recognition in other countries (I am mainly interested in the EU and Canada, but not only) as a conventional PhD?

• Legal: Would it pass the "recognition of a degree obtained abroad" procedures?
• Perception: Does it hold the same perceived value for the people who will be evaluating the CV later on?
• publications

• 3 Would someone looking over the CV have any way to know that it was a PhD by prior publication? If the person has publications in non-predatory peer-reviewed journals, does that not indicate that they know how to perform research? –  Jon Custer Commented Feb 6 at 19:46
• 2 Recognized where, exactly? –  Buffy Commented Feb 6 at 19:48
• " 1 out of 3 UK universities offered such opportunities" I strongly suspect that is not true. Usually such things are decided by the thesis examiners, not the university. –  Anonymous Physicist Commented Feb 7 at 3:49
• 3 @AnonymousPhysicist ... "Usually such things are decided by the thesis examiners, not the university" The university decides whether such a thing is possible at all. If it is allowed, next the advisor would have to agree. And only then the thesis examiners would be involved. –  GEdgar Commented Feb 7 at 6:39
• @GEdgar I think that's mostly false. "The university" does not read the thesis or regulate its contents in detail. I really doubt there is a university that forbids, university-wide, a thesis that is a portfolio of published work. –  Anonymous Physicist Commented Feb 7 at 18:00

4 Answers 4

Nobody will care in which way you obtained your PhD, as long as you obtained your PhD. There is no legal difference, and in all likelihood, very few people will ever look up your PhD thesis to actually find out. All that matters is that you have the three letters; nothing else is of importance.

From a legal perspective, I see no reason that legal recognition of a degree would distinguish between a PhD that included a dissertation and one that was done by publication. In both cases there is an award of the same degree, and the distinction is purely internal to the university. To the extent that a legal process would inquire into this, it would be solely at the accreditation level --- i.e., there may be processes by which the State reviews and awards accreditation to universities that recognise their degree programs.

As to the perceived value, there are two things to bear in mind. Firstly, people will typically not even know which you did; perceived value of a PhD degree in academia is usually a superficial assessment made based on the institution that awarded it (perhaps also the supervisor) and people would hardly ever bother making any inquiry into the content of your PhD program, dissertation, etc. In your CV you will state that you have a PhD degree in field X from university Y awarded in year Z. That is all the information that people will have and I have never heard of any member of a selection panel, etc., ever asking for more information on content. Secondly, even if a person were to inquire about the content of your program, the primary purpose of a PhD program is to teach a person to do scholarly research, and a PhD by publication demonstrates this at least as well as a PhD by dissertation. Most people who scrutinise your academic CV will care more about your publications than your PhD degree, precisely because the publications are the best evidence of your ability to do scholarly research. Ceteris paribus (particularly with the same publication record), it is unlikely that one option would be perceived as better or worse than the other.

• 1 why the downvotes? This seems like a perfectly acceptable answer. –  Aqualone Commented Feb 7 at 12:32

What matters for "acceptance" of a degree is not how it was achieved, but the fact that it was awarded by an accredited (for doctoral education) institution. If they call it a PhD and are certified by appropriate agencies to award PhDs then it "is" a PhD and it would be extremely rare for anyone to question it.

It is possible, in fact, for an independent researcher without a doctorate to do seminal work, perhaps in a new field, and only then apply for a degree. If the university judges the work as "equivalent" to a dissertation then they might award the degree, depending on their rules.

So, people in general with few exceptions, will defer to the university and the judgement of its faculty. The precise nature of the doctoral work and any dissertation is secondary.

Note, however, that the system isn't perfect. Some dissertations are garbage, even fraudulent. Even Einstein's doctoral dissertation was a very minor work compared to Special Relativity, though they occurred in the same year.

The exception, of course, is "honorary" doctorates, but those are marked as such and usually given for things other than doctoral level research. But you don't seem to be asking about such things.

"Sandwich theses" are quite common in some domains, usually ones where students are expected to publish during their PhD. They hold exactly the same value as classic theses in institutions that allow them (most places that I know) and are only distinguishable by looking at the content.

One remark: personally, they annoy me. As an external, it is difficult to do anything with a sandwich thesis.. I have quite a few times found stuff that I was not quite happy with in a proof or numerical work. However, if the work is a published paper, then I don't feel comfortable criticizing something that has made it through peer review unless there is a major mistake. I am an external twice a year on average and most of my recent evaluations have been of sandwich theses. I understand the appeal to students (and by extension to supervisors), but I wish I saw more of the classic theses, where I really feel that my role as external can make a difference.

• A "sandwich thesis" isn't a "PhD by publication". –  Bryan Krause ♦ Commented Feb 12 at 19:34
• @BryanKrause I think that rather depends on the context. I've heard both "sandwich thesis" and "PhD by publication" to refer to same thing: graduating based on a thesis which is just a collection of published work, as-is, with an addition of intro+conclusion chapters. The answer doesn't, however, address "PhD by prior publication" (which, to my understanding, would mean you are awarded a PhD based on research done outside of formal PhD studies). –  penelope Commented Feb 16 at 14:31
• @penelope I disagree, they're quite distinct. A PhD by publication suggests you've not been officially enrolled in a program during your studies and are getting the degree for what you publish. A stapler thesis is just a thesis format. No matter what you aren't getting a PhD for your thesis document, you're getting it for the research it contains whatever the format. –  Bryan Krause ♦ Commented Feb 16 at 15:27
• At least in the circles I'm in, I've heard the terms "sandwich thesis" and "PhD by publication" used interchangeably; in both cases the person was enrolled into a PhD programme while the research was being conducted. On the other hand, "PhD by prior publication" is different, and suggests, as you say, that the research has been conducted outside of a PhD programme. –  penelope Commented Feb 18 at 13:35

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Postgraduate course

Doctor of Philosophy (by Published Work)

This PhD award is a recognition of your previously published research, your work and your knowledge. Immerse yourself in writing a critical review of your chosen specialism and showcasing your passion for your chosen topic. Study on campus or by distance learning.

This PhD option is based on a track record of previous published research, demonstrating a novel and independent contribution to a particular discipline or topic area. The published research may have been produced as part of your practice or time in industry. Depending on the subject area, it might include peer-reviewed academic journal articles, and books, or equivalent published materials from exhibitions or performances. Our expert supervisors will help you select from this body of work and curate a PhD thesis.

Course location York campus or by distance learning

• Duration – 3 months to 1 year, part time
• Start date – February 2025, June 2024, October 2024

Minimum entry requirements

2:1 degree in a related subject

Master's qualification

Tuition fees

UK 2024-25 £2,393 full time

International 2024-25 £7,000 full time

Course overview

This course is not a traditional route to a PhD. Instead it functions as a recognition of your knowledge that has developed throughout your career. You will be assessed on a diverse body of work that has been published in the academic and/or public sphere before the start of this course.

When you choose to study with us, you will gain plenty of opportunities to enhance your professional skills. These could include:

• Gaining teaching experience
• Presenting your research at conferences and events
• Working with the community
• Engaging in networking and knowledge exchange

Professional development and training

During your PhD, you will discuss additional training needs with your supervisory team. Your supervisors will help you identify your strengths and highlight areas for development.

The University delivers a blended training programme that will help you to develop your research and professional skills, enhancing your CV and your employability.

Distance learning

Our PhD is also available by distance learning. Studying by distance learning will enable candidates to work remotely and engage with their supervisor through online meetings.

The PhD by distance learning is available to study full time or part time. Fees, assessment requirements and milestones are the same as PhDs on campus, and so are the expectations of time commitment and supervisory meetings.

Course structure

How you will study.

You will analyse and review the published work you have chosen to be a part of your PhD assessment. You will be expected to obtain ethical approval and coherent chapters for your thesis. During this period you will still be able to present your work at conferences. You will have a formal annual review to ensure your project is progressing.

You will have a final formal review alongside your regular supervisor meetings. At the end of your final phase, you will submit your thesis and undertake your viva voce. During this oral examination you will discuss and critically defend your thesis and research you have previously published. An independent chair and examiners will be present to assess your research and findings.

Each piece of published research should be an original piece, providing novelty and breadth of research, and there should be evidence of rigorous peer-review processes in place for the published works.

Entry Requirements

Qualifications.

2:1 degree in a related subject See full entry requirements including GCSEs

International students

If you are an international student you will need to show that your qualifications match our entry requirements.

Information about international qualifications and entry requirements can be found on our International pages.

If English is not your first language you will need to show that you have English Language competence at IELTS level 6.5 (with no skill below 6.0) or equivalent.

International entry requirements

Applying for Doctor of Philosophy (by Published Work)

Alongside the standard PhD entry requirements, you will also need to demonstrate that you can study successfully remotely. This includes showing that you:

• Can conduct your research with the resources available at your study site
• Have access to appropriate IT facilities
• Have the time, commitment and attitude to study successfully off-campus
• Have access to support for study-related disabilities, if appropriate

You will need to agree a commitment statement to confirm these requirements before you enrol.

Fees and funding

Uk 2024 - 2025.

The tuition fee for this PhD in the 2024 - 2025 academic year course is £2,393   for UK, Jersey, Guernsey and Isle of Man students.

Doctoral loans are available to help you pay for your course. Find out more about UK Government Doctoral loans .

More information about funding your PhD is available on our Funding your research degree page.

International 2024 - 2025

The tuition fee for this PhD course is £7,000 in the 2024 - 2025 academic year for international candidates.

More information about funding your PhD is available on our International Fees and Funding page.

International Visa and Immigration

UK 2024-25 £2,393 full time

Additional costs

Depending upon the nature of your research project, a bench fee might be applied as a separate cost to your tuition fee. Bench fees are normally incurred for laboratory consumables and other significant project costs and any goods will remain under the property of the University.

If you have any queries regarding bench fees, please speak to your potential supervisor during the application process.

Any bench fees will be included in your offer letter and if you accept, the charge will be in addition to your tuition fees.

Contact us to discuss your proposal

If you know what subject you want your PhD to be on, or you just want to find out more, contacting a School Postgraduate Research Lead is a great first step.

Our School Postgraduate Research Leads are the right people to talk to about a research degree. They can put you in contact with an academic who is researching a similar subject, and who could be your research supervisor during your course.

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This page provides advice for current Griffith candidates looking to submit their PhD by Prior Publication. For advice on how to apply to this program, please visit the course profile .

The submission will take the form of a collection of original authored published works (as approved for inclusion in the final submission upon admission to the program), with a substantial exegesis.

For candidates admitted to the program from July 2015, it is expected that the candidate will be the sole author or primary author (that is, responsible for the intellectual content and the majority of the text) of each publication. The publications must have been subjected to peer review. There is no minimum number of publications specified.

The collection of published works may include, for example:

• Books and monographs
• Chapters in books
• Scholarly articles e.g. refereed articles in research journals
• Exhibitions, site specific installations, compact discs, film, video, and scores.

Typically, the submission will not include unpublished work, review articles, newspaper articles, articles in non-refereed professional journals, work that had already been submitted successfully or unsuccessfully for the award of a degree at any university, or works where the applicant's role was that of editor.

The exegesis will:

• In chronological order, list the publications being presented for examination
• Indicate the way in which the applicant's work has developed
• Demonstrate the contemporary relevance of each publication
• Make clear the way in which the publications make an original scholarly contribution to knowledge
• Provide a thematic overview which converts the individual publications into an integrated work
• Make clear the candidate's contribution to all jointly authored publications.

Formatting your thesis

Submitting your thesis

If your publications cannot be uploaded electronically, please contact the Griffith Graduate Research School.

The examination is conducted in accordance with the procedure for examining MPhil and PhD theses, except that the decision on whether the degree is awarded will be made on an award/not award basis, as the nature of the submission does not permit revision and re-examination. An oral or written examination may also be required.

Ready to submit your thesis?

Submission and examination

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PhD by publication

PhD awards for published researchers

Explore how you can turn your existing peer reviewed research publications into a PhD qualification

What is a PhD by publication?

A PhD by publication is a postgraduate research degree that's based on research you've already undertaken and had published (excluding self-publishing) before registering with us.

Depending on the subject area, peer reviewed  academic papers, complete books, chapters in anthologies, or equivalent materials accepted for publication, exhibited or performed  may be  eligibl e. You'll have to submit these materials for examination between 6–12 months after registering with us.

These materials will be accompanied by a commentary of 5,000–10,000 words, which outlines your work's coherence, significance and contribution to knowledge, and you'll be examined through an oral defence of your research, known as a viva voce. Applicants must have held a first or higher degree from a UK higher education institute – or a recognised equivalent non-UK degree of the same standard – for at least 5 years.

Once you've been awarded a PhD by publication, you'll be in a great position to move onto further research or to use your new postgraduate qualification to progress your career.

The cost of getting a PhD by publication in most of our subject areas is £4,500 for external candidates – check your research subject area page  for more details.

How to apply

To be considered for a PhD by publication, you'll need to have held an undergraduate or postgraduate degree – awarded either by a UK higher education institute or a recognised non-UK equivalent – for at least 5 years.

To apply you'll need:

• A CV and the names of two referees
• A title of the proposed PhD
• A listing of the published work on which the application is based
• A statement of not more than 1000 words setting out your view of the nature and significance of the work submitted

Apply from the relevant subject area page .

If your application is successful, you'll need to submit the already-published materials – those that you wish to be considered as part of your PhD by publication award – between 6–12 months after registering with us.

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PhD by Prior Publication

The PhD by Prior Publication award is designed to recognise current Royal Holloway staff members who have produced a significant body of research which is equivalent in standard to a PhD.

Please read appendix 4 of the  Research Degree Regulations  for further details. 

If you have any queries, please do not hesitate to contact  [email protected]

Admissions criteria for the PhD by Prior Publication

In order to be considered for admission on the PhD by Prior Publication programme, you must:

• be an established member of the Royal Holloway academic staff`or teaching fellow at Royal Holloway, who has been in post for at least 2 years.
• provide prima facie evidence that:
• there is a coherent body of work
• there is evidence of a significant contribution made to the field
• the extent of the work is equivalent to that expected of a standard Doctor of Philosophy

Admissions process

In order to apply for admission on the PhD by Publication programme, you will need to complete the PhD by Prior Publication online application form  and pay an initial assessment fee of £250.:

• As part of the application, you will be required to upload a 1,000 - 1,500 word supporting statement and any relevant evidence (normally a list of the publications you intend to submit)
• Please note that the personal details requested are required details for every student record that is created.
• On receipt of the application form, a student record will be created for you and the Doctoral School will contact you with details of how to pay the £250 initial assessment fee.
• Once the initial assessment fee has been paid, your supporting statement and the list of publications you wish to submit will be forwarded to the relevant Director PGR Education.  The assessment for admission to the programme will be carried out by the member of staff who will be your supervisor and is subject to the approval of the Director of PGR Education.
• The Doctoral School will inform you whether your application has been successful.

Process after admission has been granted

If admission is granted, you will be registered on the PhD by Prior Publication.  

The fee to be registered on the PhD by Prior Publication is 50% of the standard HomeEU fee i.e. £2,164 for 2019/20.  This is in addition to the £250 initial assessment fee.

You will be appointed a supervisor who should:

• provide guidance on the coherence and quality of your published work to be submitted for the examination
• advise on the preparation of the supporting critical appraisal
• provide guidance on the preparation for the oral examination
• normally arrange up to 6 supervisory meetings a year

It is expected that you will submit your PhD within 12 months of registration.

Requirements of the PhD by Prior Publication

The candidate must submit the following:

• a portfolio of peer-verified outputs which are in the public domain and / or published research which must constitute a substantial and coherent body of work which is comparable to the extent of work required of a standard PhD programme.
• a critical appraisal of 15,00 - 30,000 words which must: Demonstrate how the outputs form a coherent body of work, demonstrate methodological and conceptual rigour, articulate the contribution to the field, clarify the individual contribution made the candidate in cases where the work has been co-authored.

Further details can be found in section of appendix 4 of the  Research Degree Regulations .

Guidance for examinars 

Examiners of the PhD by Prior Publication are expected to:

• evaluate the intellectual merit of the candidate's cited published work
• establish if a satisfactory case is made for coherence between the publications
• assess the contribution to knowledge represented by the publications and made apparent in any critical appraisal
• evaluate the rigour with which the candidate has contextualised and analysed his/her publications in any critical appraisal
• evaluate the appropriateness of the methods employed in the research and the suitability of their application
• assess the candidate's contribution to the various phases of the research embodied in multi-authored works
• establish the candidate's 'ownership' of the published work and appreciation of the state of (historical and current) knowledge within the candidate's research area
• assess the candidate's research skills in terms of his / her potential as a continuing, independent researcher.            

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What is the PhD by Prior Published Work and am I eligible?

The Doctor of Philosophy by Prior Published Work (“PPPW") is only available to individuals who have already generated a range, as a general guide, of at least six to eight clustered first-author publications, as a minimum, of high-quality publications that form a substantial contribution to knowledge - that is, publications completed prior to the commencement of the degree.

Applicants must have completed their PhD qualifying program at least three years before their application for candidature for this degree and have spent at least three years following conferral of the qualifying award substantially engaged in the practice and study of the discipline or related discipline. They must also satisfy the University that there is a prima facie case that their prior published work meets the requirement for admission to the award.

In a Doctor of Philosophy by Prior Published Work, the student will undertake a short program of work culminating in a thesis comprising a contextual statement and a body of published work accumulated prior to acceptance into candidature. Please review the Doctor of Philosophy by Prior Published Work Course Information and PhD Course rules for details of the additional requirements for the PhD by Prior Published Work.  

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PhD by Prior Publication

Entry requirements.

PhD Research

To be eligible for the PhD by Prior Publication, you must meet all of the following requirements:

• Be a research-active member of RCSI staff (at any of our campuses), an RCSI Honorary appointment, or an RCSI Trainee, Member or Fellow;
• Hold a Bachelor's degree or equivalent;
• Have been actively engaged in medical or health sciences research for a period of at least five years within the last ten years at an organisation that has a recognised research function;
• Have published a minimum of five original research papers in journals ranked Q1 in their relevant fields in the ten years prior to the date of application for admission;  and
• Be a senior author (first or last author) on all five research papers (note: work in preparation for publication will not be considered, the work must be already published or in press). Narrative reviews or case reports will not be accepted.

English language requirements

Candidates whose first language is not English must also supply a copy of an academic IELTS examination, or equivalent.  Read more about minimum English language requirements here .

Existing Published or Creative Work PhD -->

Apply online.

Students must apply via one of the following online application forms:-

Closing date for applications is 1st August 2024. 

Course starts: 01 October 2024 Apply now

Take the fastest route to a PhD. Convert your previous research outputs into a qualification which will increase your employability and open up new opportunities. Progress your academic career and add credibility in applications for research funding.

A PhD by Published or Creative Work is designed for individuals with an existing portfolio of published work addressing a central research question. This degree will be awarded to a candidate who has critically investigated an approved topic and demonstrated an understanding of research methods appropriate to the chosen field.

A submission for PhD by Published or Creative Work may comprise of academic papers, chapters, and monographs, scholarly editions of texts, creative practice, artefacts, or curatorial production.

• A PhD is “probably the most internationally transferable qualification” according to the Higher Education Policy Institute 
• Typically, candidates are academics with high-quality research outputs who have not previously undertaken a PhD
• This is the fastest route to a PhD, usually taking less than 12 months to complete
• Based on outputs that you have already produced, such as articles in peer-reviewed journals

Course structure

A submission for PhD by Published or Creative Works may be awarded on the basis of existing published work or creative output that shows evidence of originality and independent critical judgment at the level appropriate for the award. All work should normally have been published in the last ten years and be traceable in publicly available databases such as catalogues and must be accessible to scholars or other interested persons. The work submitted must have been subjected to peer review by the relevant academic community.   

There is no defined number of publications but candidates need to ensure that the range of publications demonstrates that their work forms a coherent and significant contribution to knowledge. This should be of an acceptable national, or preferably international, standing.  For a substantial proportion of all the publications submitted, the candidate must be the sole or senior author.

If your application is successful, you will be assigned one or more supervisors who will advise on which of your publications should form your final submission to be examined and how your commentary should be written. The commentary (usually between 10,000 and 20,000 words) describes the aims of the research you have undertaken to produce your publications, incorporates a critical discussion of the impact of your work and will be examined through an oral defence.

Entry requirements

We don’t currently display entry requirements for United States. Please contact the Student Admin team on [email protected] or 0191 515 3154.

• Details of Published or Creative works
• Statement of Authorship  - This statement is made by collaborating researcher(s) confirming the contribution you have made to the research. This statement is only required if all or parts of the work are the result of collaborative research. Please arrange for the collaborators to complete the pro-forma if this applies to your work
• Qualification certificates
• Birth certificate or personal details page of the passport
• Curriculum Vitae
• How and in what respect the work has made a significant and coherent contribution of knowledge.
• The impact within its discipline
• The methodologies used
• An appropriate contextualisation of the research
• Clear indication of any parts of the work which may have been carried out in collaboration with other parties/authors

Is your qualification not displaying here? For international qualifications, search our full list of international entry requirements for this course.

Fees and finance

Fees are £8,000.

Take a look at the scholarships and bursaries that may be available to you.

This information was correct at the time of publication.

Career ready

There is pressure on teaching staff at universities to demonstrate that they have higher qualifications than those whom they are teaching. A PhD is often required for academic posts in research-intensive institutions.

A doctorate is becoming an increasingly common requirement for recruitment and promotion in university teaching roles.

A PhD also adds credibility in applications for research funding.

Doctorates are now held by at least eight out of ten full-time teaching staff in top institutions, based on data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency.

The PhD by Existing Published or Creative Work is a fast track for you to gain doctorate-level recognition for work that you have already done. It is therefore well suited to academic staff who would like to develop their careers.

More broadly, the achievement of a doctorate demonstrates your ability to make a major contribution to the development of new ideas, techniques and approaches. There is a strong association between successful postgraduate study and professional employment, according to the Higher Education Policy Institute.

Meet the team — PhD by Existing Published or Creative Work

Related courses.

For more information please contact the Graduate Research Support team at: [email protected]

Page last updated: 05 July 2024

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University home > Academic Quality and Policy Office > Postgraduate Education > Regulations and code of practice for research degree programmes > Area B: PGR programmes, registration and the period of study > Doctoral degrees by published work

Doctoral degrees by published work

The regulations in this section cover the additional regulations for doctoral degrees by published work. 

On this page

Eligibility, application, registration, examination.

2.1. The additional regulations for a doctoral degree by published work are specified here.

2.2. A doctoral degree by published work relies on publications completed before registration.

2.3. A student studying for a doctoral degree by published work must fulfil the relevant doctoral award criteria to obtain their degree.

2.4. The following doctoral degrees are open for registration by published work:

2.4.1. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).

2.4.2. Engineering Doctorate (EngD).

2.4.3. Doctor of Medicine (MD).

2.5. Individuals who meet one of the following criteria can apply to register for a doctoral degree by published work:

2.5.1. A member of staff who has a contract of employment with the University of Bristol, in either an academic or professional services role, and who has been employed by the University for at least two continuous years.

2.5.2. An individual with honorary status at the University of Bristol who has held this status for at least two continuous years.

2.5.3. A graduate of the University of Bristol who was awarded their degree at least six years ago.

2.6. In exceptional circumstances, the Faculty PGR Director can consider an applicant who does not fully meet a minimum period in the eligibility criteria.

2.7. An applicant who meets the eligibility criteria must show that their published work meets the following thresholds:

2.7.1. The publications must relate in a coherent way to the field of knowledge and represent a significant and original contribution.

2.7.2. The publications must contribute to research at a level and scope equivalent to the relevant doctorate by dissertation route.

2.7.3. The publications must show evidence of the applicant’s ability to pursue independently original research based on a good understanding of the relevant techniques and concepts.

2.8. When applying, an applicant must provide the following:

2.8.1. A synopsis of approximately 500 words, outlining the extent, range, quality, and coherence of the work to be submitted.

2.8.2. A statement confirming the applicant’s substantial contribution to any publications that have been co-authored.

2.8.3. A declaration that the applicant has not submitted any of the publications for any other award.

2.8.4. A list of publications that the applicant intends to submit.

2.8.5. A curriculum vitae, which must include details of the applicant’s employment or honorary status at the University of Bristol where relevant.

2.9. The Faculty PGR Director will decide whether the applicant can register for a doctoral degree by published work. The Faculty PGR Director’s decision will be based the following:

2.9.1. Does the applicant meet the eligibility criteria? 

2.9.2. Is there sufficient appropriate material to indicate that the applicant has a reasonable chance of being awarded a doctorate? It will not be possible to form a judgement unless there is a considerable amount of published work that would typically be expected for the discipline.

2.9.3. Does the work relate in a coherent way to a field of knowledge? The works can range over different topics, but they must cohere.

2.9.4. Is there extensive treatment of the topics covered? Greater weight will be attached to a small number of substantial publications rather than to a larger number of brief notes.

2.9.5. Has the work been produced at an appropriate rate relevant to the circumstances in which the research was conducted?

2.9.6. Has the applicant clearly identified their substantial contribution to any co-authored works?

2.9.7. For an EngD by published work, do the publications indicate an appreciation of the industrial context and significance of the research?

2.9.8. For an MD by published work, do the publications indicate a contribution to the advancement of medical knowledge?

2.10. If the Faculty PGR Director decides that the applicant can register for a doctoral degree by published work, the applicant must pay the relevant registration and submission fee as part of their registration as a student.

2.11. A student who is permitted to register for a doctoral degree by published work must not assume that this will automatically result in a doctoral award, as they must pass an examination in the same way as any other doctoral student.

2.12. The Head of School (or nominee) must appoint an appropriate advisor to support and guide the student during the preparation of their work for submission. The advisor must be a senior academic at the University who is familiar with the standard required and with the student’s field of work.

2.13. The Head of School (or nominee) must ensure that the advisor has appropriate knowledge and skills and has the time to carry out their advisory duties.

2.14. The student must submit for examination within one year of their registration. In exceptional circumstances, the Faculty PGR Director can extend the registration period.

2.15. The registered period does not equate to full-time study, as no new substantial research is required.

2.16. The student must submit for examination and to Turnitin in accordance with the standard submission process.

2.17. The student’s submission must consist of the following:

2.17.1. The standard preliminary pages, as set out in the dissertation content and format section .

2.17.2. A signed statement on how far the published work is based on their own independent study. The student must make clear how far each published work was conducted in collaboration or with the assistance of others and the circumstance in which the work was carried out. The student must describe how they have made a substantial contribution to any co-authored works.

2.17.3. A substantial commentary of up to 10,000 words. The commentary must state the aims and nature of the research, demonstrate the coherence across the published work, and indicate the student’s view of their work’s significance and original contribution to the field.

2.17.4. A curriculum vitae that focuses on the student's research career and on the circumstances in which the research that led to the published work was carried out.

2.17.5. Copies of the publications. The student can include publications beyond those listed in their application if they are at least in press at the point of submission.

2.18. A doctoral award by published work must be of an equivalent standard to a doctoral degree by dissertation, as set out in the award criteria .

2.19. An EngD by published work student must also demonstrate an appreciation of the industrial context and significance of the research in their submission and examination.

2.20. An MD by published work student must also demonstrate their contribution to the advancement of medical knowledge in their submission and examination.

2.21. A doctoral degree by published work is examined in the same way as all research degrees with an oral examination. The advisor will undertake the role allocated to the main supervisor in selecting examiners.

2.22. Examiners can recommend any of the standard outcomes from an examination . For outcomes that require revisions, the examiners can only specify changes to the text in the commentary and not to the publications. Examiners can also require that individual publications are removed as part of the revision process.

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Doctor of Philosophy MPhil / Phd

Fees and key information, apply for this course.

Please select when you would like to start:

Many of our students are eligible for a Postgraduate Loan of over £10,000.

Use the apply button to begin your application.

If you require a Student visa and wish to study a postgraduate course on a part-time basis, please read our how to apply information for international students to ensure you have all the details you need about the application process.

Doctor of Philosophy - MPhil / Phd

Why study this course.

A PhD is conducted purely by research. Each PhD is the unique development of your individual research project, performed under the guidance of at least two supervisory members of staff with expertise in the research area.

You can pursue a PhD in any area of research within the University where suitable expertise is available to support the proposed project. Cross-disciplinary projects are welcome. The University provides a supportive framework for research and each student’s work is carefully overseen and progress monitored. It is also possible to study a PhD via distance learning at London Met.

Completing a PhD means you'll be making an original contribution to knowledge. It requires an excellent overview of existing research in your field, plus analytical skills to assess research claims. You'll also need to be a self-motivator and be able to dedicate considerable time to completing a PhD. 

Although technically there is no taught component to this degree, you will receive research training and have access to any master's level modules that may be useful to your research topic.

Our research community is lively and diverse. You'll be joining us at an exciting time where the University is investing into research. As part of our Graduate School, you'll be able to attend frequent events to enhance your personal development and help with preparation for life after your PhD. On top of this, you'll benefit from conferences, lecture series and research seminar series and be encouraged to present at our annual Student-Staff Research Conference.

Your supervisors will support your progress, which will be monitored by your academic School. As part of your PhD, you'll be encouraged to attend conferences, write papers and publish while undertaking your research.

London Met has strong links with various industries, businesses, hospital trusts, the legal profession, as well as governmental and non-governmental organisations, plus local stakeholders in London. These connections and networking opportunities may impact your research and career.

Our specialist research areas include: The Centre for Creative Arts, Cultures and Engagement; The Cyber Security Research Centre; The Cellular Molecular and Immunology Research Centre; The Centre for Primary Health and Social Care; The Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit and The Global Diversities and Inequalities Research Centre, to name a few.

Our staff undertake research and offer supervision in a range of areas, including:

• applied health research, health studies (interdisciplinary perspective), public health and nutrition
• architectural history/culture, design, ecologies and the civic realm
• cellular and molecular biosciences
• communications technology
• computer science
• criminology
• cyber security
• data science
• design history, global fashion studies, visual and material culture
• education with a commitment to social justice
• electronic engineering
• finance, economics, social marketing
• health psychology
• human resource management
• intelligent systems
• jewellery, textile and creative practice
• loose-fit construction, community-led design, architect as craftsperson
• maritime law and company law
• media and communications
• medicinal chemistry and drug delivery
• molecular sciences
• operations management
• politics and international relations
• public/visual art, performance and practice-based/led research
• translation studies
• urban planning, design and participation
• violence against women and children and the emergence of trafficking
• visual communication
• women’s studies

For a full list of our research centres, visit the research section of our website .

Research an area that interests you

You can pursue a PhD with us in any area of research where suitable expertise is available to support your proposed project, and cross-disciplinary projects are welcome

Get all the support you need

You will receive plenty of research training and have access to any master's level modules that may be useful to your research topic

Make the most of extra-curricular activities

You'll have the chance to attend conferences, lecture series and research seminar series and be encouraged to present at our annual Student-Staff Research Conference

Student reviews

Our real, honest student reviews come from our own students – we collect some of these ourselves, but many are also collected through university comparison websites and other nationwide surveys.

The supervisory team was excellent - they had first rate knowledge and research expertise, were highly supportive and always willing to help. I thoroughly enjoyed my time at London Met and would recommend studying here for a doctorate.

So many opportunities for advancement - good opportunities for networking with academics and researchers. Very positive and supportive environment.

The lecturer and supervisors are easy to contact and very helpful

There are many staff dedicated to help us when in need which is commendable  

Course details

Entry requirements.

You will be required to have:

• a good honours degree from a UK university or equivalent (first or upper-second class), although applicants will usually tend to have obtained a master's degree before entry

Candidates with other qualifications are considered on their merits.

As a part of the application process, you are required to submit a research proposal outlining how you intend to investigate your topic of interest. In the proposal, you will need to clearly state your research questions, aims and objectives, as well as your review of the literature on the topic and the corresponding research design. The document needs to specify what your original contribution to the knowledge will be. You can find more information about the structure and content of the research proposal . Please note that your application cannot be processed without the proposal and you will be able to upload it, once you click 'Apply now' and start the application process.

The University only offers supervision to candidates if there is adequate available supervisory expertise in the area of the research project.

Accreditation of Prior Learning

Any university-level qualifications or relevant experience you gain prior to starting university could count towards your course at London Met. Find out more about applying for Accreditation of Prior Learning (APL) .

English language requirements

To study a degree at London Met, you must be able to demonstrate proficiency in the English language. If you require a Student visa (previously Tier 4) you may need to provide the results of a Secure English Language Test (SELT) such as Academic IELTS. This course requires you to meet our standard requirements .

If you need (or wish) to improve your English before starting your degree, the University offers a Pre-sessional Academic English course to help you build your confidence and reach the level of English you require.

To obtain a PhD, you're expected to identify a research gap in your chosen subject area and make an original contribution to knowledge.

During the course of the research, your work is assessed annually by a Research Student Progress Group. This ensures that good progress is being made and that adequate guidance is available.

The degree Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is awarded by the University after the successful presentation of a thesis based on an original piece of research, completed under the supervision of University staff, and the successful defence of the thesis at an oral examination.

Where this course can take you

Many people with an PhD become lecturers, teachers or researchers, but these are by no means the only destinations.

Depending on your discipline, you may go into industry (this is frequently the case for graduates in biological or computer science), the City (business and law graduates), public sector management and/or policy-making (social science and business graduates), international governmental organisations (social science and business graduates), the social professions or non-governmental organisations.

Many of our graduates are mid-career and use their degree for career enhancement in areas such as social services, education, counselling, health and social care, or diplomacy.

Important information about this course

If you've already studied your undergraduate degree with us, as a graduate of London Met, you'll be entitled to a 20% discount on any further study with us. * exclusions apply

Distance learning

There is a distance learning option available. 

PhD by prior publication/output

The University will award the degrees of Master of Philosophy (MPhil) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) to registered students who successfully complete approved programmes. All proposed research programmes will be considered for research degree registration on their academic merits.

A PhD by prior output allows students who don't have traditional qualifications but have produced research and developed their knowledge to a doctoral level to gain academic recognition.

The publications of the student must be accessible to scholars or other interested persons. The work submitted must have been subjected to peer review by the relevant academic community and also provide evidence of an independent, original and significant contribution to knowledge and critical judgement. All work should have been published in the last 10 years and be traceable in publicly available databases, catalogues etc.

Programmes of research may be proposed in any field of study, as long as the proposed programme is capable of leading to scholarly research. The written thesis may be supplemented by material other than written form, if special provision has been made and agreed.

What is the difference between the MPhil and PhD?

Research students at London Met can work towards a Master of Philosophy (MPhil) or Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). To obtain a PhD you’re expected to investigate a topic and make an original contribution to knowledge. At MPhil level, your research should represent an extension of existing knowledge, although the demands of originality and sustained enquiry are less than those required for a PhD.

Additional costs

Please note, in addition to the tuition fee there may be additional costs for things like equipment, materials, printing, textbooks, trips, fieldwork, specialist conferences or professional body fees.

Additionally, there may be other activities that are not formally part of your course and not required to complete your course, but which you may find helpful (for example, optional field trips). The costs of these are additional to your tuition fee and the fees set out above and will be notified when the activity is being arranged.

How to apply

When to apply.

September entry:

• Application deadline: 1 July (international applicants)
• Application deadline: 1 August (home applicants)

January entry:

• Application deadline: 1 November (international applicants)
• Application deadline: 1 December (home applicants)

Related links

Funding your studies, frequently asked questions, international students, our research centres, biological security research centre (bsrc), centre for communications technology, centre for life writing and oral history (clioh), child and woman abuse studies unit, cyber security research centre, global diversities and inequalities research centre, health and behaviour research centre, higher education research group, performance with purpose research centre.

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PhD by Prior Publication

The Centre for Socially Engaged Practice-Based Research (SEPR)

• Practice-Based PhD
• Doctoral Candidates
• Graduated Theses

The part-time 2-year PhD by Prior Publication through completed practice-based research consists of a thesis of 30,000 words, which should be comparable in terms of quality and rigour to that of the practice-based PhD, amounting to an original contribution to new knowledge.

This pathway affords established mid-career practitioners (filmmakers, screen and visual artists, architects, designers and journalists, amongst other creative practitioners) – some of whom are employed in universities in and outside Ireland – the opportunity to reflect theoretically and methodologically on their body of practice generated during the past fifteen years. The practice may include any one or a combination of the following artefacts/outputs: public exhibition and performance, film screenings, exhibition catalogues, critical reviews, peer-reviewed papers, book chapters, monographs, books, reports and scholarly editions of a text.

A typical candidate would, for example, be widely recognised by their peers for a significant contribution to their disciplinary specific field of creative practice. The practitioner may be working in a cultural institution or in a creative context, seeking an opportunity to step back from their production routine with a view to critically reflecting on their outputs.

Preliminary Application: Breakdown of Process

• Identification of 4-10 publicly disseminated practice-based research projects from the last fifteen years.
• Submission of short contextual statements for each of the 4-10 projects (publications), identifying the necessary methodological and theoretical framing underpinning each project, together with its contribution to knowledge and exhibitionary context. This exercise will enable candidates to identify core research methodologies and theories across the portfolio of selected projects, forming the basis of a coherent argument for claiming a contribution to the advancement of knowledge in each candidate’s specific field. This process will be supported by peer-led review.
• On successful completion of this exercise, candidates will progress to completing a final 2000-word framing statement and submission of the TU Dublin PGR 1B PhD Prior Publications Application form .

Under the TU Dublin Postgraduate Research Regulations, ‘the relevant College Board will nominate one external reviewer, one internal reviewer and a potential supervisor(s)… Applicants passing this preliminary stage will be registered for a PhD based on Prior Publications’.

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PhD by Prior Publication: An New Approach to the Doctoral Thesis

Affiliations.

• 1 Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España. Electronic address: [email protected].
• 2 Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
• PMID: 28811066
• DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2017.07.001

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• Towards a doctoral thesis through published works. Breimer LH, Mikhailidis DP. Breimer LH, et al. Biomed Pharmacother. 1993;47(9):403-7. doi: 10.1016/0753-3322(93)90106-u. Biomed Pharmacother. 1993. PMID: 8068863
• From thesis to publication of a paper: some ideas and suggestions. Katchburian E. Katchburian E. Sao Paulo Med J. 1998 Mar-Apr;116(2):1686-8. doi: 10.1590/s1516-31801998000200008. Sao Paulo Med J. 1998. PMID: 9778889 No abstract available.
• Acceptance of a systematic review as a thesis: survey of biomedical doctoral programs in Europe. Puljak L, Sapunar D. Puljak L, et al. Syst Rev. 2017 Dec 12;6(1):253. doi: 10.1186/s13643-017-0653-x. Syst Rev. 2017. PMID: 29233170 Free PMC article. Review.
• [The E-Supervision of a health sciences PhD thesis]. Ortega-Calvo M, González-García L, Corchado-Albalat Y. Ortega-Calvo M, et al. Aten Primaria. 2012 Nov;44(11):638-40. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2012.07.002. Epub 2012 Sep 13. Aten Primaria. 2012. PMID: 22980945 Free PMC article. Spanish. No abstract available.
• [Brazilian studies on nephrology produced in nursing thesis and dissertations]. de Carvalho GM, Lima FE, Barbosa IV, Melo EM. de Carvalho GM, et al. Rev Bras Enferm. 2010 Nov-Dec;63(6):1052-5. doi: 10.1590/s0034-71672010000600028. Rev Bras Enferm. 2010. PMID: 21308243 Review. Portuguese.

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University of Chester’s first PhD by publication Candidate

Research Gate

Alexander macmillan (engineer) (university of cambridge, uk), mary ellen o'connell (university of cambridge, uk), christopher catherwood (university of east anglia, uk), josephine balmer (university of east anglia, uk), graham joyce (nottingham trent university, uk), wendy mcmurdo (university of westminster, uk), phd by journal publication (isi-q1, q2, q3, q4)*, thesis format.

List of Universities that offers the PhD by Prior Publication or Existing Published

Advan-kt Multiversity, USA Northumbria University UK Westminster University UK Kingston University UK Machanster Metropolitan University UK Massey University New Zealand Griffith University Australia University of Bristol UK University of Stirling UK Aberystwyth University UK University of New England UK Charles Sturt University Australia University of Portsmouth UK Glasgow Caledonian University UK University of Bradford UK Deakin University Australia

Unimap Malaysia University of Gibraltar Spain London School of Economics UK Liverpool John Moores University UK University of New York Prague University of East Anglia UK Maynooth University, Ireland University of Manchester UK City University of London UK Victoria University Australia RMIT University Australia Monash University Australia University of Tasmania Australia Dublin City University Ireland Wolverhampton University UK University of New South Wales Australia

University of Reading UK University of Exeter UK University College London UK University College Cork, Ireland Royal Holloway University UK Middlesex University London Waikato University New Zealand Queensland University of Technology Australia Oxford Brookes University UK James Cook University Australia University of Sydney Australia University of South Australia Western Sydney University Australia University of New Castle Australia Flinders University Australia Bongor University UK

Does a continent matter in a PhD by Prior Publication ?

Which PhD type is regarded as most difficult ?

Does ISI Web of Science play crucial role in a PhD by Prior Publication as compared to universities ?

Anyone aware about Ph.D. by publication?

International Conference on PhD by Prior Publication

Date: 7th Aug 2023, Vanue: Online Conference, Time: 10 AM (GMT+8.00)

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