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Latest Research topics in vlsi design

Latest research topics in vlsi design.

If we narrow down our discussion to research in areas like electronics, electrical, computer science, artificial intelligence , wireless communication and related fields, which are the base of everything in this high-tech world. In these fields researchers have developed applications (aided with technology) for every field ranging from biomedical to aerospace and construction, which were nowhere related to electronics or even current.

As the research fields we are talking about are providing base to the developing world and providing it with reliable technologies which are being used in real time, the work of researcher becomes more wide starting with an idea to the realization of the idea in the real world in form of application or product.

To make a reliable and working model the idea of the VLSI design project ( i.e speech processing application, biomedical monitoring system etc) needs to be implemented and re-implemented, re-tested and improvised. The there are many development cycles and techniques available which eases up the implementation like:

• Behavioral simulation
• Software based model
• Hardware Implementation (ASIC)
• Programmable hardware (FPGA)
• Co-simulation

Behavioral simulation is used at initial phase and it is not appropriate for testing the real time behavior of the system in actual environment as it is more close to systems behavior in ideal environment.

We can simulate the actual environment by using different software models (more like software models of channels used to test communication systems) but its capabilities are also limited to human capability to model the environmental conditions in mathematical equations and models.

All of us are familiar with ASIC, their high performance and hardwired implementation. These are good for final implementation but not for intermediate stages of implementation and testing. Nothing is better than ASIC for real time testing of analog  VLSI  circuits. But for digital circuits and DSP applications we have a better option of FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).

The hardware co-simulation is a good idea to test and monitor systems in real time. To get more details about  PhD thesis  in VLSI you can do online research or contact us.

latest Low power research topics in vlsi design

The Research Support Centre provides expert advice and support across the whole Engineering and Technical research lifecycle, from discovery through exploitation of technical and translational research. The centre has two primary functions:

• i) to facilitate the delivery of the Engineering Sciences research strategy and to build partnerships andii) to bring together all the technical research management and support services for Students.

To achieve these goals the centre is made up of two inter-relating components. The Academic Research Support Centre consists of the Research Coordination Office, Platform Technologies team and a Translational Research Office. The Technical Research Support Centre is made up of the Joint Research Office.

The Research Support Centre encompasses a wide range of expertise and facilities. By coordinating these resources, we can provide researchers with a package of support that is integrated, high quality and streamlined – and clearly accountable.

Once a researcher has a proposal for high quality research that will benefit, they can access all the help and resources they need through one gateway. This includes support with the approval process and funding applications and help setting up technical trials.

VLSI PHD Projects

Our research interests cover low power processor architectures, low power circuit design techniques, analog and mixed signal circuit design, rapid prototyping of digital systems, reconfigurable processors, Digital arithmetic, advanced processor architectures, vlsi implementation of signal and image processing algorithms, testing verification, memory design, Embedded vlsi and asynchronous circuits.

Organization engaged with embedded commodity development and serving various business solutions such as

• Embedded System Product Development,
• Software services,
• Android development,
• Web development.

Description for “Ph.d guidance with project assitance” Ph.d/ M.Phil PROJECT ASSISTANCE We look forward to welcoming you to one of our “Research and Development Division” for all Ph.D., Research scholars. We will arrange you the following details for completing your Ph.d Degree

• Any University Admission- We provides a step-to-step guide to completing the application form, and will help make the process as straight forward as possible.
• Guide Arrangement
• Survey Paper Preparation
• Problem Identification –Problem Identification of Existing System.
• Implementation in all domains
• Mobile Ad hoc Networks
• Wireless Networks
• Image Processing
• Grid Computing
• Distributed Computing
• Natural Language Processing
• Cloud Computing
• Soft Computing
• Data Mining
• Wireless Senor Networks

Delivering effective support on your Ph. D work:

Companies represents a simple and practical advice on the problems of getting started, getting organized with the working on Ph.D projects.

We make you understand the practicalities of surviving the ordeal. We just make you divide the huge task into less challenging pieces. The training includes a suggested structure and a guide to what should go in each section.

We afford complete support with real-time exposure in your Ph.D works in the field of VLSI. Our Mission drives us in the way of delivering applications as well as products with complete integrity, innovative & interesting ideas with 100% accuracy.

• Assistance in ALL Stages of your PhD Research in VLSI from Topic Selection to Thesis Submission.
• Creating 100% confident in submitting your thesis work.
• Our experienced professionals support you in your research works.
• Providing complete solutions for the Research Scholars in many advanced domains.

Technologies used in VLSI:

• Modelsim 6.5b Simulator
• Xilinx ISE 10.1 System generator

III. Quartus 11.1

• Tanner v7 EDA tool

iii.        W-Edit

• Microwind & DSCH v2

VII. P-spice

VIII. LT-spice

.        Spartan IIIe

• Hardware Description Language

.         Verilog HDL

CORE AREA OF GUIDANCE:

• Digital signal processing Vlsi
• Image processing Vlsi

III.        Wireless Vlsi

• Communication Vlsi
• Testing Vlsi
• Digital cmos Vlsi

VII.        low power Vlsi

VIII.        Core Vlsi

• Memory Designs

PROJECT SUPPORT:

• Confirmation Letter
• Attendance Certificate

III. Completion Certificate

Preprocessing Work:

• Paper Selection

Identifying the problem:

• Screenshots

III.        Simulation Report

• Synthesize Report

Report Materials:

• Block Diagrams
• Review Details

III.        Relevant Materials

• Presentation
• Supporting Documents
• Software E-Books

VII.        Software Development Standards & Procedure – E-Book

Learning Exposure:

VIII.        Programming classes

• Practical training
• Project Design & Implementation

Publishing Support:

XII.        Conference Support

XIII.        Journal Support

XIV.        Guide Arrangements

Vlsi based projects like image processing projects, low power projects, matlab with vlsi projects , cryptography projects, OFDM projects, SDR projects, communication projects, zigbee projects, digital signal processing projects, and also protocol interfacing projects like uart ,i2c,spi projects.

Signal and Image processing projects can be simulated by using Modelsim 6.5b and synthesized by Xilinx 10.1 using Spartan IIIe fpga and by Quartus 11.1using altera de2 fpga. In image processing projects, the input image or video can be converted to coefficients using Matlab. Low power projects can be designed using Tanner, Microwind and spice tools.

We spotlights on imparting an overall exposure to the concept and design methodologies of all major aspects of vlsi engineering relevant to industry needs and ground-breaking thoughts with 100% pure accuracy.

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VLSI Architectures for Wireless Communications and Digital Signal Processing

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A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section " Circuit and Signal Processing ".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 17630

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Dear Colleagues,

Due to the relentless growth of computational complexity, state-of-the-art technologies cannot be realized unless they are accelerated by very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) circuits. For instance, 5G telecommunications necessitate application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to achieve data rates over tens of gigabits per second. The Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems connecting a massive number of edge devices also demand highly efficient hardware to accommodate data transfer within a few milliseconds under a limited power budget. Computer-vision applications based on deep neural networks are so computationally intensive that they incur orders-of-magnitude more operations than ever before. To facilitate the realization of such cutting-edge technologies, considerable attention should be paid to the development of efficient VLSI architectures.

This Special Issue solicits original and unpublished papers on high-performance and low-power VLSI architectures and the relevant algorithmic optimizations in the field of wireless communications and digital signal processing.

The topics of interest include but are not limited to:

• VLSI architectures for 5G and 6G telecommunications;
• FPGA and ASIC implementations of signal-processing systems;
• Baseband signal processing for communication systems;
• Circuits and systems for the Internet-of-Things (IoT);
• VLSI architectures for machine learning and artificial intelligence;
• Application-specific instruction-set processors for digital signal processing;
• Hardware-friendly algorithms and optimization techniques;
• Embedded systems on chip (SoCs) for signal-processing applications.

Prof. Dr. Byeong Yong Kong Prof. Dr. Hoyoung Yoo Guest Editors

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Making Electronics Easy

Top 50 vlsi projects ideas: a guide for final year electronics engineering students.

As you approach your final year in electronics engineering, you're likely on the lookout for a project that not only showcases your skills but also dives deep into the world of cutting-edge technologies. Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) projects offer a perfect opportunity for exploration, allowing you to work on intricate integrated circuits that bring theory to life.

Below, we've curated a list of 50 VLSI projects designed to inspire and challenge you in your final year.

Starting with the Basics:

1. low power sram design.

Picture this: a Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) module that's not only efficient but also power-conscious. Dive into the world of low-power design and performance optimization.

2. Design of a 4-bit Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Imagine creating a 4-bit Arithmetic Logic Unit capable of handling arithmetic and logical operations with finesse. It's like giving your circuit a mini-brain!

3. VLSI Implementation of FFT Algorithm

Ever wondered how your favorite audio player processes signals so fast? Explore the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm in VLSI for efficient signal processing.

4. Design and Implementation of Carry Select Adder

Get ready to design a Carry Select Adder that not only does the math but does it with speed and minimal power consumption.

5. Design of Low Power Multiplier

Think about a multiplier that's not just fast but also mindful of power usage. Dive into the challenge of designing a low-power multiplier.

6. VLSI Design of CORDIC Algorithm

Let's journey into the world of trigonometric functions with the implementation of the Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) algorithm in VLSI.

7. Design of a Low-Power Comparator

Meet the low-power comparator, your go-to choice for energy-efficient comparisons in various applications.

8. Implementation of a Finite State Machine (FSM)

What if your circuit could understand and respond based on different states? Welcome to the world of Finite State Machines (FSMs)!

9. Design of a Low Power 8-bit Shift Register

Imagine an 8-bit shift register that not only does its job but does it while sipping on power. Dive into the intricacies of low-power design.

10. VLSI Design of a Digital Filter

Ever wondered how digital filters work? Explore their implementation in VLSI for applications in signal processing.

These projects aren't just about circuits and algorithms; they're about giving life to your ideas and making an impact in the world of technology.

Beyond the Basics: Innovative Applications of VLSI

Now, let's leap to more innovative applications of VLSI. These projects bridge the gap between theory and real-world scenarios:

11. Low Power VLSI Implementation of I2C Protocol

Ever thought about making your circuits communicate efficiently with minimal power usage? Dive into the implementation of the I2C communication protocol with a focus on energy efficiency.

12. Design of a Low Power D Flip-Flop

Let's create a D flip-flop that's not just a memory unit but a memory unit that's mindful of power consumption. It's all about marrying functionality with efficiency.

13. VLSI Implementation of Manchester Encoder/Decoder

Imagine encoding and decoding data with the efficiency of Manchester techniques. Explore their implementation in VLSI for robust data transmission.

14. Design of VLSI Based RFID System

Ever thought about creating a system that identifies and tracks items using Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)? Let's bring that idea to life in the VLSI world.

15. Low Power Implementation of DCT (Discrete Cosine

Get ready to design a circuit that performs the Discrete Cosine Transform with speed and minimal power consumption, perfect for image and signal processing.

16. VLSI Design of UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter)

What if your circuit could communicate serially with other devices? Let's implement the UART communication protocol in VLSI for seamless device interaction.

17. Implementation of Viterbi Decoder

Ever thought about creating a circuit that corrects errors in digital communication? Dive into the world of the Viterbi algorithm for error correction.

18. Design of a Low Power Comparator

Meet the low-power comparator again, but this time with a focus on low-energy comparisons in various applications.

19. VLSI Design of Parallel Prefix Adder

Think about designing an adder that's not just fast but also efficient in digital circuits. Welcome to the world of parallel prefix adders.

20. Implementation of AES Algorithm in VLSI

What if you could implement the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm for secure data encryption? Let's make it happen!

These projects aren't just about the technicalities; they're about solving real-world problems with the power of VLSI.

Pushing Boundaries with Advanced VLSI Projects

For those seeking more advanced challenges, these projects delve into intricate VLSI applications:

21. Design of a Low Power Memory Controller

Imagine creating a memory controller that efficiently manages data storage and retrieval while being mindful of power consumption.

22. VLSI Design of IIR Filter

Dive into the world of Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters, offering a versatile solution for signal processing applications.

23. Implementation of RISC Processor

Ever thought about designing a processor that simplifies instructions for streamlined computation? Welcome to the world of Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC).

24. Design of a Low Power Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)

Create a low-power Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) for applications in frequency modulation and synthesis.

25. VLSI Implementation of Cordic-Based Sine and Cosine Generator

Explore the implementation of Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) algorithms for generating sine and cosine functions.

26. Design of Low Power Clock Gating Circuit

Imagine designing a clock gating circuit that minimizes power consumption during idle periods. It's all about efficient energy usage.

27. VLSI Design of Manchester Carry Chain Adder

Let's create an adder that not only adds but does it efficiently with the Manchester Carry Chain technique.

28. Implementation of Huffman Encoder/Decoder

Ever thought about compressing and decompressing data efficiently? Dive into the world of Huffman coding for data compression.

29. Design of a Low Power Register File

Create a low-power register file for efficient storage and retrieval of intermediate data in processors.

30. VLSI Implementation of Reed-Solomon Encoder/Decoder

Ever wondered about creating a system that corrects errors in digital communication? Explore the implementation of Reed-Solomon codes for error correction.

These advanced projects aren't just about complexity; they're about mastering the art of VLSI design.

Harnessing VLSI for Real-World Applications

As VLSI technology advances, its applications extend to various domains. Consider projects that bridge the gap between VLSI design and real-world applications:

31. Design of a Low Power Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controller

Ever thought about efficiently controlling motors and power electronics? Dive into the world of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controllers with a focus on low power.

32. VLSI Design of I2S Audio Interface

Imagine creating an audio interface that delivers high-quality sound in digital systems. Let's implement the Inter-IC Sound (I2S) interface for seamless audio communication.

33. Implementation of SHA-256 Algorithm in VLSI

How about implementing a secure hashing algorithm for data security? Dive into the implementation of the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-256).

34. Design of a Low Power Successive Approximation ADC

Imagine creating an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) that not only converts signals but does it efficiently with low power consumption.

35. VLSI Implementation of Cordic-Based Sine and Cosine Generator

Explore the world of sine and cosine functions with the implementation of Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) algorithms.

36. Design of Low Power Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)

Ever wondered about designing a Phase-Locked Loop that's not just precise but also energy-efficient? Let's create a low-power PLL.

37. VLSI Design of Image Edge Detection Processor

Create a processor that detects edges in images for applications in computer vision and image processing.

38. Implementation of Canny Edge Detector

Dive into the world of image processing with the implementation of the Canny edge detection algorithm for robust image analysis.

39. Design of Low Power Current Steering DAC

Ever thought about creating a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) that not only converts signals but does it efficiently with low power consumption?

40. VLSI Implementation of Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Controller

Imagine creating a controller that facilitates seamless communication between devices. Dive into the world of the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) protocol.

These projects aren't just about circuits; they're about solving real-world problems with the power of VLSI.

Building Foundations for Future Innovation

Now, let's focus on foundational aspects of VLSI design, laying the groundwork for future innovation:

41. Design of a Low Power Multiplexer

Ever thought about creating a multiplexer that not only routes data but does it efficiently with low power consumption? Dive into the world of low-power design.

42. VLSI Design of GMSK Modulator/Demodulator

Explore the world of digital communication with the implementation of Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) modulation and demodulation.

43. Implementation of Digital Down-Converter (DDC)

Ever wondered about creating a Digital Down-Converter for applications in digital signal processing? Dive into the world of frequency conversion.

44. Design of Low Power Voltage-Controlled Current Source

Create a current source that not only provides a steady current but does it efficiently with low power consumption.

45. VLSI Implementation of Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS)

Ever thought about creating a synthesizer that precisely generates frequencies in digital systems? Dive into the world of Direct Digital Synthesis.

46. Design of Low Power Content Addressable Memory (CAM)

Imagine creating a Content Addressable Memory (CAM) that not only stores data but does it efficiently with low power consumption.

47. VLSI Design of FFT Processor for Audio Processing

Ever wondered about efficiently processing audio signals in digital systems? Dive into the world of a dedicated FFT processor for audio processing.

48. Implementation of LDPC Decoder

Explore the world of error correction in digital communication with the implementation of a Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) decoder.

49. Design of a Low Power Voltage Reference Circuit

Ever thought about creating a voltage reference circuit that not only provides a stable voltage but does it efficiently with low power consumption?

50. VLSI Implementation of High-Speed Divider

Imagine creating a divider that not only divides but does it efficiently with high speed. Dive into the world of high-speed division.

These foundational projects aren't just about circuits; they're about laying the groundwork for future innovation in VLSI.

In Conclusion

As you embark on your VLSI project journey in your final year of electronics engineering, remember that these projects are not just about circuits and algorithms; they're about bringing your ideas to life. They're about solving real-world problems and contributing to the ever-evolving landscape of technology.

So, embrace the challenges, customize the projects based on your interests, and let your creativity shine. Your final year is not just a culmination of your academic journey; it's a platform for you to make a lasting impact in the world of VLSI technology.

Here's to a rewarding and innovative final year in electronics engineering!

• Project Ideas

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Special issue: 26th international symposium on VLSI design and test 2022

• Published: 08 September 2023
• Volume 116 , pages 1–3, ( 2023 )

Cite this article

• Ambika Prasad Shah 1 &
• Sudeb Dasgupta 2  

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1 Introduction

The increasing versatility, performance, compactness and power efficiency of today’s electronic systems is achieved by pushing technology to its physical limits; systems are increasing in size and complexity, comprising thousands of subsystems made of billions of devices. The devices themselves have become smaller and smaller and have reached the atomic scale.

This Special Issue aimed at continuing the discussion about the research activities and related findings carried out the 26th International Symposium on VLSI Design and Test (VDAT-2022) held in Jammu, India, July 17- 19th 2022 with the theme of “Chips to Startup for sustainable development”. Therefore, this Special Issue focuses on the following areas:

Emerging Devices and Material Technologies.

VLSI Circuit and System Design.

IC Reliability, Security and Quality.

CAD for VLSI, Testing and Verification.

FPGA based Design and Embedded Systems.

2 Topics of the special issue

This special issue comprises 7 articles selected after a rigorous review process of the extended versions of papers presented at VDAT-2022. Accepted articles covers various aspects of microelectronics devices, ADC, in-memory computation, reliability and security in integrated circuits, various architectures and devices, and focusing at different levels of abstraction from device level to system level.

Paper “Design of a tunable delay line with on-chip calibration to generate process-invariant PWM signal for in-memory computing” by Kavita Monga et al. [ 1 ] address the two major issues with the in-memory computation. For precise operation, the applied input signals must be stable and during the input signal generation is the deviation in the width values due to process, voltage, and temperature variations. Authors have proposed to design a tunable delay line that provides a linear PWM signal corresponding to an input vector which is further utilized to perform local computation in memory.

Paper “Cadmium sulfide deposition suited for photo pattern-based SAW device” by Rahul Sharma et al. [ 2 ] demonstrates a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device based on photopatterned interdigital transducer (IDT) created on a cadmium sulfide layer deposited over a lithium niobate substrate using two methods, viz. chemical bath deposition (CBD) and spin-coating. I–V characteristics are measured for photo pattern-based SAW devices with different electrode separation widths.

Paper “Design of a high precision CMOS programmable gain and data rate delta sigma ADC” by Mohd Asim Saeed et al. [ 3 ] presents a general purpose high precision Delta Sigma (ΔΣ) ADC with a common mode rejection of 100 dB, developed for data acquisition of sensors used in a satellite launch vehicle telemetry system. The ADC is also equipped with on chip offset and gain calibration features to reduce the offset and gain errors.

Paper “Performance analysis of nanosheet transistor with drain/source extension and high-k spacer optimizations for analog applications” by Arvind Bisht et al. [ 4 ] proposes an optimized Nanosheet Transistor (NSHT) with an inner high-k spacer and an underlap region. A symmetric dual-k spacer structure and an undoped underlap region are incorporated into the baseline device to optimize it for better performance. The analog performance of the optimized NSHT is compared with the performance of the baseline NSHT device across the design space.

Paper “A novel routing algorithm for GNR based interconnect considering area optimization, interconnect-reliability and timing issues” by Subrata Das et al. [ 5 ] propose an algorithm for the routing of Graphene nanoribbon based interconnect considering minimization of grid area and improvement of interconnect-reliability as the optimization goals with minimum increase in interconnect resistance and delay.

Paper “BTI resilient TG-based high-performance ring oscillator for PUF design” by Shubhang Srivastava et al. [ 6 ] propose a new energy-efficient and aging resilient inverter and ring oscillator based on an aging resilient inverter design. The proposed inverter is 22.57% less power-consuming and 16% faster than the conventional Aging Resilient inverter while showing nearly identical aging characteristics without significant increment in area overhead. Authors also designed ring oscillator from the proposed inverter shows nearly 1.5% higher frequency than the conventional aging resilient ring oscillator for the same number of inverter stages.

Paper “Efficient hardware implementations of Lopez–Dahab projective co-ordinate based scalar multiplication of ECC” by M. Mohamed Asan Basiri [ 7 ] proposes efficient hardware implementations scalar multiplication of Lopez–Dahab projective co-ordinate based ECC in the platforms of application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and field programmable gate array logic (FPGA). Due to this dual core implementation in FPGA, the throughput of the proposed scalar multiplication in FPGA is greater than various existing designs.

3 Conclusion

All of the papers selected for this Special Issue represent world-leading current research into robust and novel devices, reliability-aware design and hardware security approaches for computing systems and provide interesting and valuable insights into current and future trends and issues within these areas. We hope you will enjoy reading the papers and find them a source of inspiration for your own work.

Monga, K., Shenoy, M. V., Chaturvedi, N., et al. (2023). Design of a tunable delay line with on-chip calibration to generate process-invariant PWM signal for in-memory computing. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-023-02169-5 .

Article   Google Scholar  

Sharma, R., & Nemade, H. B. (2023). Cadmium sulfide deposition suited for photo pattern-based SAW device. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-023-02172-w .

Saeed, M. A., Srivastava, R. K., Sehgal, D., et al. (2023). Design of a high precision CMOS programmable gain and data rate delta sigma ADC. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-023-02165-9 .

Bisht, A., Pundir, Y. P., & Pal, P. K. (2023). Performance analysis of nanosheet transistor with drain/source extension and high-k spacer optimizations for analog applications. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-023-02171-x .

Das, S., Das, D. K., & Pandit, S. (2023). A novel routing algorithm for GNR based interconnect considering area optimization, interconnect-reliability and timing issues. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-023-02170-y .

Srivastava, S., Verma, A., & Shah, A. P. (2023). BTI resilient TG-based high-performance ring oscillator for PUF design. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-023-02180-w .

M. Mohamed Asan, Basiri Efficient hardware implementations of Lopez–Dahab projective co-ordinate based scalar multiplication of ECC. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-023-02179-3

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Acknowledgements

We sincerely thank all the reviewers for helping us in reviewing the papers in time. We also thank all the staff members of Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing journal for their effortless support. Last but not the least we thank the Editor-in-Chief and handling editor for their help and support throughout the entire process.

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Sudeb Dasgupta

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Shah, A.P., Dasgupta, S. Special issue: 26th international symposium on VLSI design and test 2022. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process 116 , 1–3 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-023-02184-6

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Top 5 VLSI Projects For Final Year Students that Boost Your Job Hunt

Author: ramya.

Introduction: The Importance of VLSI Projects for Final Year Students

VLSI projects for final year students serve as a critical bridge to their job hunt. As the technology landscape rapidly evolves, employers seek candidates who possess not only theoretical expertise but also hands-on experience. Engaging in VLSI projects showcases a student's ability to design and implement complex integrated circuits, which is a crucial skill in the semiconductor industry. A robust project demonstrates practical problem-solving, innovation, and adaptability—qualities that stand out on a resume and during interviews. In this article, we present the top five VLSI projects for final year ECE students that can significantly bolster their job hunt prospects.

Design and Implementation of a Low-Power Digital FIR Filter using FPGA

Project Description:

The project involves the following key phases:

FIR Filter Design

Select the filter specifications (such as filter order, cutoff frequency, and desired response characteristics).Design the filter coefficients using appropriate windowing techniques (e.g., Hamming, Blackman) to meet the desired frequency response. Implement the filter transfer function in a digital format suitable for FPGA implementation.

FPGA Platform Selection:

Choose an FPGA development board that suits the project requirements in terms of available resources, I/O interfaces, and power efficiency.

Familiarize yourself with the FPGA's architecture and design tools.

FPGA Implementation:

Develop the FIR filter logic using a Hardware Description Language (HDL) like VHDL or Verilog.

Optimize the design for low-power operation by employing techniques such as clock gating, power gating, and fine-grained power management.

Ensure the filter meets the timing constraints and resource limitations of the chosen FPGA.

Verification and Testing:

Simulate the design using simulation tools to verify its functionality and performance.

Use representative input signals to validate that the filter produces the expected output.

Perform hardware testing on the FPGA board, comparing results with simulation outcomes.

Power Analysis and Optimization:

Utilize FPGA power analysis tools to measure the power consumption of the FIR filter implementation. Identify power-hungry areas and apply design modifications to further reduce power consumption. Balance power optimization with filter performance to achieve the desired trade-off.

Documentation and Presentation:

Create comprehensive documentation outlining the project's design, implementation, testing methodology, and results.Prepare a presentation summarizing the project's objectives, methodologies, and outcomes.

Design and Simulation of a High-Speed Serial Data Transceiver with Error Correction Coding

  Project Description:

The VLSI mini project for ECE unfolds in the following stages:

  Transceiver Architecture Design:

Define the specifications for the serial data transceiver, considering data rate, modulation scheme, and interfacing standards.nSelect an appropriate error correction coding technique (e.g., Reed-Solomon, Turbo codes) suitable for VLSI mini projects in ECE.

  Error Correction Coding Implementation:

Implement the chosen ECC technique in a digital format compatible with VLSI design, catering to ECE project requirements.Integrate ECC encoder and decoder modules within the transceiver architecture.

  High-Speed Design:

Design the transceiver's high-speed components, including serializers, deserializers, clock recovery circuits, and equalizers. Address signal integrity concerns, considering impedance matching and signal jitter for robust data transmission.

  FPGA or ASIC Platform Selection:

Choose between an FPGA or ASIC platform, aligned with VLSI mini projects in ECE, based on factors like development resources and performance requirements.

  Simulation and Validation:

Utilize advanced simulation tools suitable for VLSI mini projects in ECE to rigorously verify the transceiver's functionality. Generate test vectors and simulate various scenarios to validate error correction capabilities and high-speed data transmission.

  Performance Analysis:

Analyze the transceiver's performance metrics, including bit error rate (BER), throughput, and latency, in accordance with ECE project goals.

  Documentation and Presentation:

Undertaking VLSI mini projects for ECE students during their final year can significantly enhance their job prospects in the competitive landscape of today's tech industry. Create detailed documentation elucidating the transceiver's design, ECC integration, simulation methodologies, and performance analysis, catering to VLSI mini projects for ECE .

Develop a presentation summarizing the project's objectives, methodologies, and outcomes for fellow ECE students.

Development of an Energy-Efficient Reconfigurable Digital Signal Processor (DSP)

  DSP Architecture Design:

Define the architecture requirements, including data processing capabilities, memory hierarchy, and reconfigurable elements suitable for VLSI based projects in ECE.

Select the target signal processing applications and adapt the DSP architecture accordingly.

  Reconfigurable Unit Design:

Design reconfigurable processing units, such as configurable datapaths and functional units, enabling dynamic adaptation to different algorithms.

Develop interfaces and control mechanisms to facilitate reconfiguration based on the application's requirements.

  Energy-Efficient Hardware Optimization:

Implement advanced hardware optimization techniques like clock gating, power gating, and dynamic voltage scaling to minimize energy consumption.

Apply pipelining and parallel processing to enhance throughput while maintaining energy efficiency.

DSP Implementation:

Implement the designed DSP architecture using HDL (VHDL or Verilog) suitable for VLSI based projects in ECE. Ensure efficient resource utilization and performance by employing synthesis and place-and-route tools.

  Reconfiguration Management:

Develop software or firmware routines for managing reconfiguration based on the signal processing tasks. Design efficient reconfiguration algorithms and control mechanisms to switch between different configurations seamlessly.

  Performance Evaluation:

Evaluate the energy efficiency and performance of the reconfigurable DSP using benchmarks relevant to VLSI based projects in ECE. Compare the DSP's performance against traditional fixed-architecture DSPs.

Create comprehensive documentation outlining the DSP architecture, reconfigurable unit design, hardware optimization techniques, and evaluation results.

Prepare a presentation summarizing the project's objectives, methodologies, and outcomes for fellow ECE students.

  Design and Verification of a Secure Hardware Cryptographic Module

The project unfolds through the following pivotal stages:

Cryptographic Module Design:

Define the cryptographic operations to be supported, such as encryption, decryption, hashing, and key generation. Select suitable cryptographic algorithms and protocols that align with the best VLSI projects for ECE students . Design the hardware module's architecture, including functional blocks for key management, data processing, and interfacing.

Hardware Implementation:

Develop the cryptographic module's hardware design using HDL (VHDL or Verilog) suitable for VLSI projects in ECE. Integrate the selected cryptographic algorithms within the hardware architecture. Implement security features such as secure key storage and tamper detection mechanisms.

Verification and Validation:

Utilize advanced verification tools and methodologies to rigorously validate the cryptographic module's design. Perform functional simulation, formal verification, and hardware-in-the-loop testing to ensure correct operation and security. Validate compliance with relevant security standards and protocols.

Security Protocol Integration:

Integrate essential security protocols like TLS/SSL or IPsec to ensure secure communication with external systems. Implement protocol-specific logic and interfaces within the cryptographic module.

Performance Evaluation:

Evaluate the cryptographic module's performance in terms of throughput, latency, and resource utilization, aligning with the criteria of the best VLSI projects for ECE students .

Create comprehensive documentation elucidating the cryptographic module's design, verification methodologies, security features, and performance analysis. Prepare a presentation that concisely outlines the project's objectives, methodologies, and achievements for fellow ECE students.

  Implementation of a Neural Network-Based Face Recognition System on FPGA

The project unfolds through the following essential stages:

Neural Network Model Selection:

 VLSI-based projects for ece hold significant importance, not only for academic achievements but also for career prospectsChoose a suitable neural network architecture for face recognition, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) or Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGANs).

Determine the model's complexity and requirements to ensure compatibility with FPGA resources.

Dataset Preparation and Preprocessing:

Gather a diverse dataset of facial images for training and validation.

Apply image preprocessing techniques like normalization and augmentation to enhance model performance.

Neural Network Training:

Train the selected neural network using the prepared dataset to learn face features and representations. Optimize the model's hyperparameters for efficient inference on FPGA.

  FPGA Implementation:

Translate the trained neural network model into FPGA-compatible hardware description language (HDL), such as VHDL or Verilog. Partition the neural network's layers onto FPGA resources, utilizing its parallel processing capabilities for real-time inference.

Interface Development:

Design interfaces to capture and preprocess input images from the camera or image source.

Develop the necessary components for interfacing between the neural network hardware and the external environment.

Evaluate the face recognition system's accuracy, speed, and resource utilization on the FPGA.

Compare the results against software-based neural network implementations.

.Create comprehensive documentation detailing the project's architecture, neural network implementation, FPGA design, and performance evaluation. Prepare a presentation summarizing the project's objectives, methodologies, and outcomes for fellow VLSI enthusiasts.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, undertaking impactful VLSI projects for final year not only exemplifies a student's technical prowess but also significantly elevates their job prospects. Engaging in VLSI projects empowers individuals to gain hands-on expertise in complex semiconductor design, fostering career growth in the dynamic semiconductor industry. These projects cultivate practical skills, innovative thinking, and a profound understanding of integrated circuit technologies, positioning professionals for impactful contributions and advancement within the field.

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CSE 691  Advanced VLSI Design  Spring 2015

Instructor:  Professor R. Sridhar, 338K Davis Hall , E-mail: [email protected]   Office Hours: Wednesday 1pm-2:30pm

Lecture: Wednesday 6:30 PM – 9:00 PM, Davis 338A

A dvanced VLSI Design is a course that focuses on high performance, low power reliable VLSI Systems Design.  We present advanced topics in the design of VLSI Systems.   Topics covered include VLSI Circuit techniques and design methodologies for low power applications, process variation and its impact on very deep submicron designs, interconnects, clocking and synchronization, timing issues in digital circuits, and memory & array structures.  Emphasis will be on very deep submicron CMOS designs, high speed design styles, timing, arithmetic building blocks, impact of interconnects, signal integrity and power consumption, with added focus on SoC (System on Chip) designs.   Prerequisites:  Introductory VLSI (CSE493/CSE593) Reference Books:  

• Digital Integrated Circuits, Jan M. Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, and Borivoje Nikolic´. Second Edition, A Prentice-Hall, 2003
• Additional References:  Research papers from leading Conferences and journals .

Grading: Letter grades carry the normal numerical values (90+ = A,  80+ = B,  70+ = C, 60+ = D).  Curving may be applied if deemed appropriate by the instructor. Plus/Minus grades will be given.   30% Exam;    15% Homework ;   55% Project; Term paper and presentation.   Miscellaneous:   A project will be assigned and is due at the end of the semester.  The project will incorporate high performance VLSI principles.  A term paper and a detailed presentation are due towards the later part of the semester. The topic for the project and the term paper will be selected in consultation with the Professor.  

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VLSI Projects for Engineering Students

October 9, 2021 By WatElectronics

Very Large Scale Integration Technology (VLSI) is an IC technology, designed by integrating a large number of electronic components such as logic gates , transistors , FET’s , etc. This technology mainly focuses on three major design and physical constraints related to an electric circuit like power, area, and speed. Some of the important VLSI Projects are mentioned below. A few of the VLSI platforms that are currently upcoming are FPGA applications, SOCs, and ASIC designs.

The list of VLSI Projects using wireless, sensors, home automation, Xilinx, Mathlab, SOC, Bluetooth & other projects are discussed below. These projects are very helpful for beginners, diploma students, and engineering students.

VLSI Projects using Verilog

Verilog is one of the software languages used in VLSI technology for defining electronic circuits and their system of design. It represents the electronic circuit design by simulating the program line of code, for representing analysis of test result in terms of positive or negative and also syntheses logic.

The list of VLSI projects based on Verilog code includes the following.

1). Design of Low Power and Enhance Speed Multiplier and Accumulator With SPST Adder in Verilog

The performance of an electronic device depends mainly on power and device heating. The aim of this project is to minimize power factors and improve the speed of MAC using the Spurious Power Suppression Technique over a modified version of the Booth type encoder .

2). Design of Hamming Type Code using FPGA in Verilog

The aim of this project is to design hardware for implementing Hamming based code for encoder and decoder systems over wireless communication . It uses FPGA on which code written in VHDL of Xilinx is executed.

3). Gabor Type Filter for Biometric Recognition with Verilog HDL

The aim of this project is to design a smart biometric fingerprinting system using Gabor filter on the VLSI project  platform. This project is coded grayscale filter which is a part of Gabor filter design in VHDL language and executed on FPGA .

4). Enhanced Speed and Minimum Complexity Design of a Reed Solomon Type Decoder

The aim of this project is to design a simple Reed Solomon type decoder using VLSI technology. This project uses the Berlekamp Massey type algorithm , which is programmed in Verilog HDL. Reed Solomon decoder provides enhance speed.

5). Design and Implementing Vending Machine in Verilog HDL

The aim of this project is to design a vending machine using VLSI technology . The designed machine is programmed in VHDL and dumped on FPGA that gives speed response than microcontroller type VM.

VLSI Projects using Xilinx Software

Xilinx Integrated Synthesis Environment is a tool designed for analyzing HDL and synthesizing Xilinx. Its purpose is to develop embedded based firmware for the Xilinx class of CPLD and FPGA IC technology products. They aid developers to compile circuit designs and allow the configuration of the target devices.

VLSI Projects Using Xilinx Software

The list of VLSI projects based on Xilinx software includes the following.

1). Design of TIC TAC TOE Game on Spartan3 Type FPGA using Image Processing

The aim of this project is to design a fun game board called Tic Tac Toe for two players using VHDL. It uses a screen board, LED bulbs, wires, FPGA, sensors , and wires. programmed playing board and FPGA need to be interfaced with the playing board using Xilinx.

2). BPSK Type Implementation on Xilinx System Generator using Spartan3 FPGA Image Processing Kit

The aim of this project is to design BPSK keying modulation type and demodulation type using the Matlab platform. Components used in this project are, FPGA, Matlab, multiplexers , filters such as FIR, and comparators . It is designed on Matlab and generated on SPARTAN.

3). Design QPSK And Synthesizing Its Result

The aim of this project is to design and implement QPSK modulation for satellite based radio applications. This project designs QPSK logic using reverse gate logic executed on Xilinx with VHDL code.

4). Implementation of Bus Based Bridge for Connecting AHB and OCP Bus

The aim of this project is to design a communication bus to connect the other two busses on SOC applications. Components used in this project are SOC, AHB bus, OCP ( Open Core Protocol) bus, and software Xilinx.

5). Design of a Live Traffic Light Based Control System using Xilinx

The aim of this project is to design and implement VLSI code on FPGA for traffic light signals. Components used in this project are FPGA, LED bulbs red, yellow, and green; software Xilinx. The code in this project is written in VHDL

6). Design of OFDM System using IFFT and FFT Transfer Functions

The aim of this project is to design an OFDM system employing FFT and Inverse FFT signal processing on the VLSI platform. This project is written in VHDL coding language and simulated on Xilinx.

7). Floating Point Based Fused Addition, Subtraction, and Fused Dot type Product Units Design

The aim of this project is to design and simulate the parallel operation of floating point type add, subtract, and multiplication type operation using floating type point add, multiplication, and subtract dot product based units in parallel on Xilinx.

8). FPGA Based Mutual Authentication Type Protocol with Modular Arithmetic

Security systems are designed in a smart way they provide access only to authenticators. The aim of this project is to design a higher enhanced protocol for security applications like RFID tags and readers using the VLSI platform programmed in VHDL and simulated on Xilinx.

VLSI Projects using VHDL

A Hardware Description Language (VHDL) is a software program for Very High Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC). The purpose of this language is to define the functioning of electronic components on designed circuitry. This language was designed by IEEE and containing VHDL 1987 and 1993 versions for the design of hardware and developing test entities in order to verify hardware behavior.

The list of VLSI projects based on VHDL code includes the following.

1). VGA Type Bouncing Ball Interfacing with Spartan3 Type FPGA for Image Processing Kit

The aim of this project is to design a smart system for VGA on VLSI technology. It uses VGA, bouncing ball, Spartan 3 type FPGA, and connecting wires. The designed hardware programmed using VHDL provides an efficient system with multiple screen pixel display up to WXGA 1280 by 800.

2). Generating PWM Type Signal With Variable Type Duty Cycle on FPGA

The aim of this project is to design and implement a voltage controller PWM using FPGA. Components used in this project are FPGA, PWM signal generator , and software platform VHDL. This system generates a higher value of frequency at the dynamic duty cycle.

3). Implementation of Digital Type Clock with Spartan3an Type FPGA Evaluation Kit

The aim of this project is to design a smart digital clock using VLSI technology. Components used in this project are FPGA, crystal, programming platform VHDL, 2 by 16 LCD, and 50 Hz clock generating circuit. The advantage of this clock is it is portable and displays accurate values.

4). Design of AMBA with AHB BUS Compliant Type Memory Controller

The aim of this project is to design a controller system for controlling CPUs memory containing Read Only Memory and Static Random Access Memory on an AMBA BUS using VLSI technology. This project uses VHDL software for synthesizing results.

5). Design of FPGA based 32-bit Floating Type Point Arithmetic Unit

The aim of this project is to design and implement a floating point number using an arithmetic unit on the VLSI platform. The components used in this technology are FPGA, ALU unit, software code written in VHDL, and also simulated using MAT Lab.

6). Design of a Field Programmable Type CRC Circuit Architecture and Synthesize Architectural Result

The aim of this project is to design and implement a Cyclic type Redundancy Check (CRC) computation circuit using VLSI technology. This project obtains multiple serial processing cells using the matrix method. The components used are FPGA, CRC circuit, and VHDL code.

VLSI Projects using MatLab

Matlab is a software tool designed for performing mathematical and logic calculations such as differentiation, Laplace transform, differential equation, inverse functions, etc. The main purpose of Matlab along with VLSI is to provide solutions for electronic circuits using a causal model type approach.

The list of VLSI projects based on Matlab code includes the following.

1). Design of Fuzzy Type Logic for a Mobile Robot Controller with VHDL

The aim of this project is to design and program a robot using VLSI technology. This robot is programmed to move objects using fuzzy logic on MATLAB software and later translated into VHDL before implementing on hardware.

2). VLSI Implementation of DWT for Image Compression using VLSI

The aim of this project is to design a discrete type wavelet transform (DWT) algorithm using the VLSI platform for image processing type applications. In this project, code is written simulated, and implemented in VHDL and MATLAB.

List of Other VLSI Projects

The list of other VLSI projects includes the following.

1). 3D Technology Based Lifting of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)

The aim of this project is to design an assistant system for high quality image generation system using VLSI technology. It uses a 3D based lifting type filter to generate a discrete wavelet using the VLSI programming language; the advantage is no loss of image quality is observed.

2). Design of Enhance Speed for Hardware Efficient 4-Bit SFQ Type Multiplier

The aim of this VLSI project is to design an advanced version of the conventional type booth encoder. This encoder is designed with a 4-bit SFQ (Single Flux Quantum) multiplier, that provides an enhanced speed and performance for critical type delay applications.

3). Design of Universal Based Cryptography Processor Employed in Smart Cards

The aim of this project is to design a smart universal cryptoprocessor for a card system. This project is designed with the public & private keys using a combination of 3 Data Encryption Standard (DES), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC).

Design of Universal Based Cryptography Processor Employed in Smart Cards

4). Design of An Enhanced Speed and Minimum Power Multiplier with Spurious Type Power Suppression Technique (SPST)

The aim of this project is to design a system to remove spurious signals from the arithmetic unit using a spurious power type suppression method. A multiplier component operating at a greater velocity consumes less power during data communication with the target location.

5). Design of A Lossless Based Data Compression and Decompression Method and Its Hardware Architecture

The aim of this project is to design an architecture for a 2 stage hardware using an Adaptive Huffman algorithm and Parallel dictionary type LZW algorithm (PDLZW). This project mainly focuses on lossless data decompression and compression applications.

6). Design of Minimum Complexity Turbo Type Decoder Architecture Employed in Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks

The aim of this project is to design a smart power conservation system during wireless communication over a WSN network. This minimizes the power of the LUT type Log BCJJR type algorithm during communication over WSN into a fundamental ADD Compare Select operation.

7). Design of Optimal VLSI Based Architecture to Filter Impulse Type Noise in Image

The aim of this project is to design a noise filtering system for an image processing application. This project is implemented on a VLSI architecture with an edge type preserving filter. This project benefits in terms of image quality.

8). Design of Processor In Type Memory Architecture for Image and Video Compression System

The aim of this project is to design a system with minimum complex processor-in & a memory architecture to aid multimedia applications for compressing the size on applying instructions in a word, one instruction, and other image and video-related data concepts.

9). Design of Symbol Type Rate Timing Synchronization Procedure for Minimum Power Wireless OFDM Systems

The aim of this project is to design a performance enhancing system for a wireless type OFDM system. This method achieves less power consumption via a dynamic type sample timing type controller and a tunable type clock based generator.

10). Bluetooth Technology Based Wireless Type Home Automation System

The aim of this project is to program an FPGA to control home appliances using a mobile phone. Components used in this project are Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), lights sensors, and mobile phones. It saves electric power and provides remote users access via mobile.

11). Design of Automation ARM Controller on FPGA

The aim of this project is to design an arm that is controlled using FPGA. It uses Spartab3an, FPGA, mechanical arm, objects, and connectors. FPGA is programmed to move the robot arm and pic the objects. Such kind of robotic arm project is suitable for industrial repetitive tasks.

12). Cloud Technology Based Temperature Monitoring System

The aim of this project is to design a smart temperature monitoring system using VLSI technology. It uses Spartan3an FPGA, Wi-Fi technology, and internet cloud services. Spartan3an broadcast the live temperature status over the internet and stockpiles the data over the cloud.

13). Design of Multiple Channel for UART on FPGA

The aim of this project is to design a multi type channel UART based controller depending on the asynchronous FIFO method with FPGA for scaling and re-configuring the communicating device when required. It uses FPGA Spartan3an and a complex type communication system.

14). Design of Linear Type and Morphological Type Image Filtering with FPGA Image Processing Kit

The aim of the project is to use real-time algorithms such as 2D type morphological and convolution based filters for showcasing image processes for multiple applications. It uses Spartan3 type FPGA, VLSI technology, an image processing module, and connecting wires.

15). Design of PGA Implementation for Distance Measurement using Ultrasonic Sensor on FPGA

Aim of this project is to design smart distance object tracking systems using VLSI technology. It uses an ultrasonic type sensor, Spartan 3FPGA board, a display system, and an alarm. The automation system tracks object and sends to Spartan3 which and displays on the screen.

16). Design of Booth Type Multiplier on Spartan6 FPGA Board

The aim of this project is to design an enhanced version of a multiplier to improve the performance of digital signal processors in terms of speed and area. Components used in this project are Multiplier & Accumulator of Radix 4, Booth type multiplier algorithm, Spartan6 FPGA, and DSP processor.

17). Lifting Type Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) on Spartan3 FPGA with Image Processing Kit

The aim of this project is to design lifting type Discrete based Wavelet Transform for discarding Finite Impulsive type Response with finite based continuous filtering steps. This project is implemented on 1 D and 2D technology.

18). Design of Tetrix Type Game on Spartan3 FPGA with Image Processing Kit

The aim of this project is to design an object detection system using FPGA. It uses a space communication system, antenna, Spartan 3, and display system. This system detects if there is any object in the direction of the antenna and shifts the angle in direction of obstacle free.

19). Design of Medical Based Image Fusion on Spartan 3 Type FPGA

The aim of this project is to design a smart image generation system for medical purposes using MAT LAB. This replaces MRI and CT scanning medical device that generates images with noise and disturbances. It uses Spartan3 FPGA, VB software, MAT Lab, and XPS software.

20). Design of Median Type Filter Implementation on Spartan3 Type FPGA with Image Processing Kit

The aim of this project is to design a system to eliminate noise from the image processing system. Components used in this project are median filter, Spartan 3 FPGA, processor kit for image, and a software name 3 by 3 sliding window algorithm .

21). Design of Sobal Edge Detection using Spartan3 Type FPGA

The aim of this project is to design a Sobel edge type detection algorithm for detecting image pixels within a second. Components used in this project are FPGA XC3S200 – 4tq144, Sobel algorithm, Matlab platform, and display system. This system processes 128 by 128 by 8 pixels of grayscale based images.

22). FPGA Implementation of Keyboard Learner using Spartan3 FPGA Image processing Kit

The aim of this project is to design a smart keyboard system using VLSI technology. In this user mainly focus on the screen rather than the keyboard that is when a user types half a word the software displays nearby keywords on the screen and automatically updates the full word based on the movement of the user’s eyes on the screen.

23). Design of PIR Type Security Alert System on Spartan 3an Based FPGA Starter Kit

The aim of this project is to design a smart security system using VLSI technology. The components used in this project are a PIR sensor that detects the motion of a nearby object in a restricted zone, a camera, an FPGA module “Spartan 3”, and a screen. This project allows access entry only to a legitimate user.

24). Design of AES Encryption Algorithm on Spartan6 Type FPGA

The aim of this project is to design highly secure communication over the internet using AES on the VLSI platform. The components used in this project are Spartan 6 FPGA, software platform VHDL, and AES algorithm. The advantage of this project is it provides high security and consumes less power.

25). Design of Wireless Type Temperature Monitoring System using Spartan3an Type FPGA on Starter Kit for Agriculture Application

The aim of this project is to design a temperature monitoring system for agriculture using VLSI technology. The components used in this project are a temperature sensor, FPGA kit, programming platform VHDL, and agriculture land.

26). Design of Enhance Throughput Based VLSI Architecture for Blackman Windowing in Real Time Spectral Analysis

The aim of this project is to design a smart system to generate maximum throughput on the VLSI platform. This project uses Black man windowing instead of using processors such as DSP or ROM. This project is designed using the VHDL programming language.

27). Approximate Based Search CAM for DNA Sequencing and Genome Analysis

The aim of this project is to design and implement a smart system that detects COVID mutant through COVID affected person DNA on VLSI technology. Components used in this project are the VHDL programming platform, DNA sample from a patient, FPGA, and report tracking system.

28). Design of Hardware for Video Type Processing Superblock Based Accelerator

The aim of this project is to design a high speed video processor for real-time based video stream. This system undergoes three stages namely Alpha blending, polynomial transformation, and low pass filtering. The advantage of this project is it provides noise free video quality.

29). Design of Collision Less Robot Processor on VLSI and RFID Technology

The aim of this project is to design an algorithm for aiding robots to walk without colliding with other robots or obstacles in their environment on VLSI technology. Components used in this technology are RFID reader and RFID card, VHDL, processor, and objects.

30). Design of Adiabatic Based Technique for Power-Efficient Logic Circuit Design

A CMOS circuit is built with multiple gates such as NOR and NAND combinations but these circuits have higher power consumption faction. The aim of this project is to replace the CMOS circuit and design advance enhanced logic type circuits using the adiabatic type technique for minimizing and reusing power.

31). Design of Advanced Encryption System (AES) for Improving System Computing Speed

AES provides high encryption of data over digital communication. The aim of this project is to design and implement an AES encryption algorithm on an FPGA board and simulate it in VHDL software. The advantage of this project is it enhances the encryption factor with high-speed communication.

32). Design of AMBA with Advanced High-Performance Bus (AHB) with IP Block

The aim of this project is to design Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) with additional bus AHB using VLSI technology. This project is implemented with slave–master modules. Where master is programmed to control their slave’s components.

33). A Multichannel with Multimode RF Type Transceiver using DSM

The aim of this project is to implement RF type multi-channel emitter and collector working in multi-mode via delta type sigma modulator. Components used in this project are VHDL, Delta Sigma type modulator, and RF channel with communicating components.

34). Asynchronous Type Transfer Mode Based Knockout Switch Concentrator

The aim of this project is to design and implement a networking class switch for datagram and virtual type circuit packet network on VLSI technology. Components used are concentrator of asynchronous type transfers knockout switch , the software platform on VHDL and FPGA.

35). Design of Behavioral Synthesis for Asynchronous Type Circuits

The aim of this project is to design and implement asynchronous type circuits and balsa module templates using the VLSI platform. This project synthesis circuit results in behavioral mode.

36). Implementation of Carrying Type Tree Adder

The aim of this project is to design enhance versions of adders such as parallel prefix adders using VLSI technology to minimize power. This project also synthesizes types of carrying tree adders such as sparse kogge-stone, spanning type tree, and kogge type stone adder.

37). Fixed Angle of Rotation using CORDIC Designs

The aim of this project is to design and implement rotating vectors on coordinate rotation type digital based computer method via at stationary and using reference angles. This project is used in applications like image processing, games, and robotics.

38). Design of an SOC Based Permutation Network on a Multiprocessor

The aim of this project is to control traffic on multiprocessor SOC based applications using VLSI technology. This project is mainly designed for real time based applications for providing enhanced device performance of IP communication.

39). Design of VLSI Based Architecture for Visible Type Watermarking on Secure Still Digital Camera (S2DC) Design

The aim of this project is to design and implement a smart chip for a digital camera using VLSI technology. The purpose of this chip in a digital camera is to develop watermarking on images. Components used are the S2DC camera, chip, and VHDL software.

40). Design of Efficient Systolic Type Array Architecture on VLSI

The aim of this project is to design and implement a systolic type array multiplier using the VLSI platform. This designed multiplier can be further used as a binary multiplier to compute binary type multiplications. Components used are FPGA and code written in VHDL.

41). Design of Multi Type Value Logic With Quantum Dot Gate Type FET

The aim of this project is to design and implement a smart 3 stages quantum Dot based Gate FET circuit to handle an increase in a logic bit in logic circuits. This project is used in applications such as decoders and Op-Amps .

42). Design of FFT Type Processor Using Radix-4 Algorithm on FPGA

The aim of this project is to design and synthesize processors for Orthogonal Frequency type Division Multiplexer (OFDM) and wireless LAN networks in the VLSI platform. This project synthesize a 256 point FFT type processor of Radix 4 in VHDL coding language.

43). Design of 32 Â bit type RISC Processor using VLSI

The aim of this project is to design a 32 bit RISC based architecture on the VLSI platform. This project divides into 16 sets of instructions and executes every instruction in a single cycle with a 5 stage parallel execution method.

44). Design of VHDL Based Model for a Smart Sensor System

A sensor is a device that senses the physical parameter within its environment. The aim of this project is to design a program for a sensor for canceling the noise generated from the sensor on the VLSI platform. This project is designed in the VHDL language.

45). Fuzzy Type PID Controller with VHDL for Transportation Application of OSI

The aim of this project is to design a smart anti-collision system for vehicles using Fuzzy logic on the VLSI platform. This project uses a PDI type controller with a cruise system to prevent accidents in vehicles. A fuzzy algorithm is developed using VHDL.

46). Design of Control Area Network Protocol on VLSI

The aim of this project is to design an Eight A to Eleven type modulation technique for a CAN protocol on the VLSI platform. This modulation technique overcomes the drawback of the conventional Software Bit Stuffing type technique. Software code in this project is written in VHDL.

47). Design of DMA Controller for AMBA Type Bus For IP Core

The aim of this project is to design a smart DMA controller for SOC based satellite applications using the VLSI platform. This project designs a DMA controller for satellite using VHDL code for faster and noise free communication.

48). Enhanced Precision Stepper Type Motor Controller Implementation on FPGA

The aim of this project is to design a controller for the stepper motor on the VLSI platform. The stepper motor on FPGA in this project is controlled on programming PWM technique using VHDL software language.

49). Modeling and Design of I2C Type Bus Controller

The aim of this is to mode the I2C bus on a VLSI software platform. Here in this project I2C wok on master and slave architecture. Where code is written in VHDL language to control master and slave.

50). Design of CPLD Type Solar Based Power Saving System

The aim of this project is to design a CPLD for street lights using solar energy and VLSI technology. In this project Complex, Programmable Logic Device (CPLD) traps sufficient solar energy and chargers the battery, and turns on the street light during night time.

51). Design of Digital Space Vector on PWM Three Phase Based Voltage Source Inverter on FPGA

The aim of this project is to design and implement code for a smart voltage type source inverter (VSI) using VLSI technology. Components used in this project are FPGA, VSI, DSVPWM controller of 3 phase, and motor driver. This project is designed using the VHDL software language.

52). Design of Performance-Based Evaluation for Complex Type Multiplier with Advance Algorithm

The aim of this project is to design a system for evaluating complex mathematic Vedic multiplier operations using the VLSI platform. In this project, a 4 bit type multiplication using both Vedic and booth algorithms are simulated in the VHDL language.

53). A Highly linear Type CMOS Gm-C Low Pass Filter in Mobile Communication

The aim of this project is to design an operational transconductance type amplifier (OTA) of the Butterworth filter. The advantage of this project is it provides a medium free communication receiver.

54). Design of High Throughput Based DCT Core Design with Efficient Computation Mechanism

The aim of this project is to design an efficient hardware for image compression type application using Discrete type cosine transform based algorithm on VLSI technology. Components used in this project are FPGA, image processor, image processor, and software coded in VHDL.

55). Design of Low Power Based QVCO with Adiabatic Logic

The aim of this project is to design a control system for minimizing power factor in quadrature based voltage type controlled oscillator using Adiabatic logic on the VLSI platform. Components used in this project are CMOS machine with 0.18 radio frequency, QVCO, FPGA, and program coded in VHDL.

56). Design of Low Power Type Adaptive Viterbi Decoder Design with Trellis Type Coded Modulation

The aim of this project is to design and implement a system to minimize corruption of data during data communication in channels that use modulation techniques using the Viterbi decoder algorithm and VLSI platform for trellis coded modulation.

57). Enhancement of the Orthogonal Based Code Convolution Capabilities on FPGA Implementation

The aim of this project is to design an error type detection system for data communication using VLSI technology. It uses FPGA for executing OCC in the VHDL programming language. This project overcomes limitations of 16 bit and 8 bit orthogonal type code.

58). Design of Non-Volatile Type Memory Based On Improved Writing Circuit using STT-MRAM Technique

The aim of this project is to design and implement spin based transfer torque with a Magnetic class of flip flop for non volatile memory such as STT- MRAM using VLSI technology. This project minimizes area occupied and power consumption compared to SRAM.

59). Address Remapping Technique using Arithmetic Functions and ROM Based Approximation Approaches

The aim of this project is to design a system for speed ROM access using VLSI technology. This can be possible by non uniformly partitioning and minimizing ROM size and later used for remapping. The code for this project is written in VHDL.

60). Design of Flip-Flops for Enhanced Performance VLSI Based Applications with Deep Submicron CMOS Technology

The aim of this project is to design an optimized power and high speed system for digital communication and components applications such as buffers and microprocessors. This project uses flip flops such as TSPC, C2CMOS, DET, and SET.

61). Design of Low Power Based H.264 Video Compression Type Architecture for Mobile Communication

The aim of this project is to design an optimized system for minimizing access to memory and cost of computation of variable type block size motion estimation (VBSME) through pixel truncation with maintain good picture quality and minimizing power consumption.

62). Design of Improved Scan Technique in Low Power Scan Testing

The aim of this project is to design an architecture for capturing the shift response of a flip flop using VLSI technology in less power. This project mainly focuses on capture and peak test power.

63). Design of Space-Based Exploration Field Type Programmable Counter

The aim of this project is to design a smart exploration system in terms of area for the FPGA controller. This project is programmed in VHDL and executed on Altera Stratix II FPGA Architecture. This project minimizes in terms of optimizing area for each component on FPGA.

64). Design of Power Gating Implementation for Noise Filtration with Body Tied Triple Well Structure

The aim of this project is to design a chip of 65 nm for removing disturbances with object tied structure in triple well using power type grating technique. The quality obtained from this project is 95 percent noise-free.

65). VHDL Based Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART)

The aim of this project is to design UART in VLSI technology for detecting errors and activating baud generation. This project detects errors in terms of overflow, stop, break, and parity error.

66). Design of 3GPP Based LTE Advance Turbo Encoder and Turbo Decoder with ASIC Implementation

The aim of this project is to design efficient architecture for 3GPP LTE of the Advance Turbo version of encoder and decoder on the VLSI platform. This architecture is implemented with a convolution type interleaved programmed in VHDL.

67). Design of Low Power Based Multiplier with Compound Constant Delay Logic Style

The aim of this project is to design a comparator system with an optimized power factor using VLSI technology. Designed systems facilitate comparison results between various multipliers such as Baugh Wooley, Wallace tree, and array . It is programmed in VHDL.

68). Design of Flash-Based ADC using Improved Comparator Scheme

The aim of this project is to overcome the drawback of power consumption in a traditional comparator. This project designs flash type ADC on the VLSI platform using a combination of MUX, comparator, and ladder resistor network.

69). Enhanced Performance-Based Flash Storage Type System Based on Virtual Memory and Write Buffer

The aim of this project is to improve the performance of flash storage while performing read and write operations. This project is written in VHDL code.

70). An Effective Type Leading Zero Anticipation for High Speed Floating Point Addition and Subtraction

The aim of this project is to design a Leading Zero Anticipation logic on the VLSI platform for providing enhance the speed of a floating-point subtraction and addition operation and addition operation. This project is used in DSP, CISC , RISC, and other microprocessor applications.

71). FPGA Based Implementation of an LFSR for Pseudorandom Pattern Generator for MEMS Testing

The aim of this project is to design an LFSR type pseudorandom type pattern generator using a mixed type mode bade modeling technique in a modular fashion in VLSI technology. This project programs code in VHDL and executes on FPGA.

72). Power Optimization of Linear Based Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) for Minimum Power BIST Implemented in HDL

The aim of this project is to design an LFSR for a Built-in self-test application, using the VLSI platform. The advantage of this project is it minimizes the amount of power consumed. This project is programmed using the VHDL language.

73). Design of FM Radio Receiver on Digital Type Demodulation

The aim of this project is to design a frequency modulation receiver using VLSI technology. This receiver is designed using a phase lock loop process, programmed in VHDL, and executed on an FPGA.

74). Implementation of Enhanced Speed Pipeline Based VLSI Architectures

The aim of this project is to efficient architecture that computes one and two dimensions discrete type wavelets using VLSI. This project benefits in terms of reducing speed, frequency of operation, and clock cycles.

75). Design of Phase, Frequency Detector, and Charge Pump for Enhanced Frequency PLL

The aim of this project is to design a charger and frequency type detector on VLSI technology. This project designs the detector and pump using the CMOS process used to enhance speed and less power consumed low jitter type applications.

76). Design of Cache Type Memory using Cache Based Controller on VHDL

The cache is a computer memory used for temporary storage and provides fast memory access. The aim of this project is to design a controller and detector system for tracking and identifying missed cache using the VLSI platform. This project is programmed using VHDL.

77). Design for Prepaid Based Electricity Billing System using SOC

The aim of this project is to design a smart electric power bill generator using the VLSI platform. This project is mainly implemented on ASIC and simulated in VHDL. This system automatically tracks the power consumed and generates bills per Watt’s consumption.

78). Enhanced Speed Network Based Devices Employed with SRL16 Reconfigurable Content Addressable Memory (RCAM)

The aim of this project is to design an SRL 16 type content based CAM unit using VLSI technology on FPGA. The advantage of this project is it overcomes the drawback of traditional type CAM providing enhance concurrent and speed data search capability.

79). Design of IP-SRAM Based Architecture for Deep Submicron on CMOS Technology

The aim of this project is to design an SRAM amalgamated with IP-SRAM architecture of 180nm technology using the VLSI platform. The advantage of this system is it minimizes the power consumed by integrated components in the circuit.

80). Design of Glitch free NAND based Digitally Controlled Delay Line for Spread Spectrum Clock Generator

Aim of this project is to overcome the drawback of NAND gate which regularly faces glitch issue during operation by using digital control delay line for spread type spectrum of clock based generator on VLSI platform.

81). Design of Performance Analysis of Different Bit Carry Look Ahead Adder using VHDL Environment

The aim of this project is to develop, test, and execute various carry look type ahead adders using the VLSI platform. In this project, the CLA used are 4-bit, 8-bit and 16-bit adders programmed in VHDL and simulated on Modelsim.

82). Design of Enhanced speed VLSI Implementation for 256-bit Parallel Prefix Type Adders

The aim of this project is to design and implement 256 bit based parallel type prefix adders using the VLSI platform. This adder is programmed in VHDL and executed on Spartan FPGA.

83). Design of Data Link Layer of OSI with Wi-Fi MAC Protocols

The aim of this project is to design a Wi-Fi device of IEEE 802.11 using VLSI technology. This device is programmed in VHDL and is employed for connecting various wireless communication devices such as laptops, computers , and mobile phones.

84). Implementation of Overlap Type Logic Cell with Power Analysis Feature

The aim of this project is to over the static power factor limitation of CMOS by employing a clock type overlap logic using the VLSI platform. This project designs both static and dynamic type edge type triggered overlap based logic flip-flip.

85). 3D Technology-Based Lifting of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)

86). design of enhance speed for hardware efficient 4-bit sfq type multiplier, 87). multi-channel uart using fpga.

The aim of this project is to simplify the complexity of modern communication digital systems using VLSI technology. This project executes asynchronous type FIFO processes on FPGA. This project benefits in terms of reducing the synchronization based errors.

88). Satellite Signal Detection Design on Spartan3 FPGA Image Processing Kit

The aim of this project is to design a smart system for tracking maximum satellite signals using VLSI technology. This system aligns the satellite in the direction of obstacle fee direction and traps the maximum signal to its receiving antenna. It uses Spartan3an FPGA.

89). Design of Image Fusion System using FPGA

The aim of this project is to design a smart image fusion system for X-rays using VLSI and Matlab technology. This system considers the original image and is translates the image into pixel form using Matlab. Xilinx is used for obtaining fused type images.

90). VGA Based Ball Interface using FPGA For Image Processing

The aim of this project is to design a VGA based monitor control hardware using VLSI technology. in this system program for monitoring the bouncing ball is written in VHDL and executed on Spartan3 FPGA, once the system is activated the ball glows with specified different colors.

91). Hardware Acceleration Based Local Sensitivity Hashing for Genome Assembly

The aim of this project is to enhance the technique of easily identifying DNA in the medical industry using VLSI technology. This project considers DNA from living organisms and fragments into smaller portions and detects the DNA sequencing pattern quickly produces DNA blueprint.

92). Hardware-Based Implementation of a Video Type Processing Superblock Accelerator on FPGA

The aim of this project is to design a smart video processing system that considers data in form of raw video and processes each received unit using VLSI technology. This project uses alpha based blending technique.

93). DNA Memory Enhancement using Signal Processing

Aim of this project is to design a smart memory system that stores vast details of DNA in database using VLSI technology. This project benefits in terms of allowing the concerned research team members in reviewing the specific DNA details with one click.

94). Identifying of Hardware Trojan Horses

Trojans are Malwares that reside inside a system to corrupt system and prevent user from accessing and allow online thief to gain access to computer remotely. The aim of this project is to identify the installed Malware such as Trojans on a computer or a laptop system using VLSI technology.

95). Router Based Architecture for Junction Based Source Routing

The aim of this project is to design a smart router that bridges routing sources using the VLSI platform. Programming for the router is written in VHDL and executed on Altera based FPGA. The advantage of this project is it minimizes the delay factor and works efficiently.

Advantages of VLSI

The advantages of VLSI projects include the following.

1). Cost-effective 2). Improves circuit performance 3). Occupies less space 4). Minimizes time delay 5). Works efficiently.

Disadvantages of VLSI

The disadvantages of VLSI projects include the following.

1). Design complexity 2). Advance fabrication techniques required 3). Minimum availability of VLSI skilled engineers 4). Glitches in one component may affect other interface components.

Applications of VLSI

The application of the VLSI projects includes the following.

1). Microprocessors 2). Washing machines 3). Biometric systems 4). E-bikes 5). Mobile phones 6). Laptops, etc.

Few of the Other VLSI Project Ideas Are

1). Design of Comparator for High Speed on VLSI platform 2). VLSI based Converter design for Binary Code to Grey Code 3). Design of Digital Type Filter 4). Clock Based Gating System on VLSI 5). Design of Vedic Type Multiplier 6). CMOS Based FF Design using VLSI 7). Design of Parallel Type Processor Architecture on VLSI 8). Design of Full Adder on VLSI 9). Designing of Dynamic Type RAM using VLSI 10). Design of SRAM Based Layout on VLSI

VLSI Projects using MATLAB & Xilinx Software

The list of VLSI Projects based on MATLAB and VLSI Projects using Xilinx includes the following.

1). Designing of CDMA Based Modem & Analysis using MATLAB 2). Designing of FIR Type Filter with VHDL on MATLAB and Spartan 3 3). Designing of ModelSim & Matlab for Automotive Engineering 4). Designing Ripple Carry type Adder & Carry Skip type Adder using Xilinx 5). Designing of 32-bit Floating type Point Arithmetic Unit referring 6). Designing of Floating-Point on ALU 7). Designing of 32-bit type RISC Processor 8). Designing of Convolution Capabilities for Orthogonal Type Code 9). Design of Vending Based Machine (VM) on Xilinx and Verilog 10). Design of Parallel Prefix Adders of 256-bit using Xilinx

IEEE Projects

Following is the list of IEEE VLSI Projects.

1). VLSI Using Wireless Type Home Based Automation System via Bluetooth 2). Designing of VLSI based Architecture for Filtering of Impulse Type Noise from an Image 3). Design of Architecture for a Processor Inside A Memory Employed with Multimedia Compression Technique 4). Design Temperature Monitoring System with Cloud & IoT Platform 5). Design of OFDM Type System using IFF transform and FF Transform method 6). Design of Hamming Type Code & Implementing in Verilog 7). Design of VHDL type Finger Print Recognition aided Gabor Filter 8). Arithmetic Type Functions For Remapping with ROM Memory Based on Approximation Approaches 9). Design of FFT type Architectures using Feedforward Type Pipelined of Radix-2k 10). Design of Flip-Flops on CMOS Technology for Enhance Performance-Based VLSI Applications

Real-Time Projects

Following is the list of other real-time VLSI-based projects using VHDL code for electronics students.

1). Pragmatic Type SRAM Row Based Cache integration using Heterogeneous Based three dimensional Architecture using DRAM with TSV 2). Design of BIST for Identifying Delay and Faults in an Cluster type Field Programmable Gate Arrays 3). ASIC Design for Complex type Multiplier 4). Implementation of a Minimal Cost VLSI based filter out Impulse Noise System 5). FPGA with Space Type Vector-Based PWM Control Integrated Circuit For 3 Phase Induction type Motor Drive 6). CORDIC Algorithm and Auto Correlator implementation for OFDM type WLAN using VLSI 7). Automatic Road Based Extraction Using enhance Resolution For Satellite Quality Images 8). Design of Image-Based Segmentation Procedure with Gabor Filter for Identifying Disease in VHDL 9). Design Architecture of Minimal Complexity Turbo Based Decoder for Power-Efficient Wireless Type Sensor Networks 10). Design of enhanced Orthogonal Based Code Convolution Function on FPGA

Please refer to this link to know more about Solar Projects.

Please refer to this link to know more about CMOS and NMOS Technology .

This article covers VLSI projects list and its design, implementation, and simulation using Xilinx, VHDL, and MATLAB software and also dumped using different versions of FPGA hardware. VLSI projects always an evergreen technology that guides students and researchers to get a deep and thorough knowledge on IC technology and design more advanced equipment and more. We hope you have drawn a better brief knowledge VLSI mentioned projects list. Kindly provide your valuable suggestion by commenting in the comment box. A question for you all, “What are the different types of FPGA’s and their applications?”

How to cite ChatGPT

Use discount code STYLEBLOG15 for 15% off APA Style print products with free shipping in the United States.

We, the APA Style team, are not robots. We can all pass a CAPTCHA test , and we know our roles in a Turing test . And, like so many nonrobot human beings this year, we’ve spent a fair amount of time reading, learning, and thinking about issues related to large language models, artificial intelligence (AI), AI-generated text, and specifically ChatGPT . We’ve also been gathering opinions and feedback about the use and citation of ChatGPT. Thank you to everyone who has contributed and shared ideas, opinions, research, and feedback.

In this post, I discuss situations where students and researchers use ChatGPT to create text and to facilitate their research, not to write the full text of their paper or manuscript. We know instructors have differing opinions about how or even whether students should use ChatGPT, and we’ll be continuing to collect feedback about instructor and student questions. As always, defer to instructor guidelines when writing student papers. For more about guidelines and policies about student and author use of ChatGPT, see the last section of this post.

Quoting or reproducing the text created by ChatGPT in your paper

If you’ve used ChatGPT or other AI tools in your research, describe how you used the tool in your Method section or in a comparable section of your paper. For literature reviews or other types of essays or response or reaction papers, you might describe how you used the tool in your introduction. In your text, provide the prompt you used and then any portion of the relevant text that was generated in response.

Unfortunately, the results of a ChatGPT “chat” are not retrievable by other readers, and although nonretrievable data or quotations in APA Style papers are usually cited as personal communications , with ChatGPT-generated text there is no person communicating. Quoting ChatGPT’s text from a chat session is therefore more like sharing an algorithm’s output; thus, credit the author of the algorithm with a reference list entry and the corresponding in-text citation.

When prompted with “Is the left brain right brain divide real or a metaphor?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that although the two brain hemispheres are somewhat specialized, “the notation that people can be characterized as ‘left-brained’ or ‘right-brained’ is considered to be an oversimplification and a popular myth” (OpenAI, 2023).

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

You may also put the full text of long responses from ChatGPT in an appendix of your paper or in online supplemental materials, so readers have access to the exact text that was generated. It is particularly important to document the exact text created because ChatGPT will generate a unique response in each chat session, even if given the same prompt. If you create appendices or supplemental materials, remember that each should be called out at least once in the body of your APA Style paper.

When given a follow-up prompt of “What is a more accurate representation?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that “different brain regions work together to support various cognitive processes” and “the functional specialization of different regions can change in response to experience and environmental factors” (OpenAI, 2023; see Appendix A for the full transcript).

Creating a reference to ChatGPT or other AI models and software

The in-text citations and references above are adapted from the reference template for software in Section 10.10 of the Publication Manual (American Psychological Association, 2020, Chapter 10). Although here we focus on ChatGPT, because these guidelines are based on the software template, they can be adapted to note the use of other large language models (e.g., Bard), algorithms, and similar software.

The reference and in-text citations for ChatGPT are formatted as follows:

• Parenthetical citation: (OpenAI, 2023)
• Narrative citation: OpenAI (2023)

Let’s break that reference down and look at the four elements (author, date, title, and source):

Author: The author of the model is OpenAI.

Date: The date is the year of the version you used. Following the template in Section 10.10, you need to include only the year, not the exact date. The version number provides the specific date information a reader might need.

Title: The name of the model is “ChatGPT,” so that serves as the title and is italicized in your reference, as shown in the template. Although OpenAI labels unique iterations (i.e., ChatGPT-3, ChatGPT-4), they are using “ChatGPT” as the general name of the model, with updates identified with version numbers.

The version number is included after the title in parentheses. The format for the version number in ChatGPT references includes the date because that is how OpenAI is labeling the versions. Different large language models or software might use different version numbering; use the version number in the format the author or publisher provides, which may be a numbering system (e.g., Version 2.0) or other methods.

Bracketed text is used in references for additional descriptions when they are needed to help a reader understand what’s being cited. References for a number of common sources, such as journal articles and books, do not include bracketed descriptions, but things outside of the typical peer-reviewed system often do. In the case of a reference for ChatGPT, provide the descriptor “Large language model” in square brackets. OpenAI describes ChatGPT-4 as a “large multimodal model,” so that description may be provided instead if you are using ChatGPT-4. Later versions and software or models from other companies may need different descriptions, based on how the publishers describe the model. The goal of the bracketed text is to briefly describe the kind of model to your reader.

Source: When the publisher name and the author name are the same, do not repeat the publisher name in the source element of the reference, and move directly to the URL. This is the case for ChatGPT. The URL for ChatGPT is https://chat.openai.com/chat . For other models or products for which you may create a reference, use the URL that links as directly as possible to the source (i.e., the page where you can access the model, not the publisher’s homepage).

Other questions about citing ChatGPT

You may have noticed the confidence with which ChatGPT described the ideas of brain lateralization and how the brain operates, without citing any sources. I asked for a list of sources to support those claims and ChatGPT provided five references—four of which I was able to find online. The fifth does not seem to be a real article; the digital object identifier given for that reference belongs to a different article, and I was not able to find any article with the authors, date, title, and source details that ChatGPT provided. Authors using ChatGPT or similar AI tools for research should consider making this scrutiny of the primary sources a standard process. If the sources are real, accurate, and relevant, it may be better to read those original sources to learn from that research and paraphrase or quote from those articles, as applicable, than to use the model’s interpretation of them.

We’ve also received a number of other questions about ChatGPT. Should students be allowed to use it? What guidelines should instructors create for students using AI? Does using AI-generated text constitute plagiarism? Should authors who use ChatGPT credit ChatGPT or OpenAI in their byline? What are the copyright implications ?

On these questions, researchers, editors, instructors, and others are actively debating and creating parameters and guidelines. Many of you have sent us feedback, and we encourage you to continue to do so in the comments below. We will also study the policies and procedures being established by instructors, publishers, and academic institutions, with a goal of creating guidelines that reflect the many real-world applications of AI-generated text.

For questions about manuscript byline credit, plagiarism, and related ChatGPT and AI topics, the APA Style team is seeking the recommendations of APA Journals editors. APA Style guidelines based on those recommendations will be posted on this blog and on the APA Style site later this year.

Update: APA Journals has published policies on the use of generative AI in scholarly materials .

We, the APA Style team humans, appreciate your patience as we navigate these unique challenges and new ways of thinking about how authors, researchers, and students learn, write, and work with new technologies.

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

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Tim Walz's military record: What to know about potential VP's National Guard service

Democratic presidential candidate Kamala Harris selected Minnesota Governor Tim Walz as her running mate on Tuesday, choosing a progressive yet plain-spoken VP candidate from America’s heartland to help her win over rural, white voters.

“I’m pleased to share that I’ve made my decision: Minnesota Governor Tim Walz will join our campaign as my running mate,” Harris said via text to supporters. “Tim is a battle-tested leader who has an incredible track record of getting things done for Minnesota families. I know that he will bring that same principled leadership to our campaign, and to the office of the vice president.”

We look at Walz, a 60-year-old U.S. Army National Guard veteran, and his military career over the years.

More: Tim Walz is Kamala Harris' VP pick: Minnesota governor named running mate: Live updates

How long was Walz in the military?

Walz served in the military for 24 years, enlisting in the Nebraska National Guard at 17 in 1981 and then transferring to the Minnesota National Guard in 1996. He retired in 2005 to begin his successful run for the U.S. House, representing Minnesota as command sergeant major, among the highest ranks for enlisted soldiers. His battalion went on to deploy to Iraq shortly after Walz's retirement.

Walz specialized in heavy artillery and had proficiency ribbons in sharpshooting and hand grenades.

But during the 21 years that Walz spent working with large artillery pieces, he suffered hearing loss and tinnitus in both ears, Minnesota Public Radio reported. He was allowed to continue his service after undergoing surgery, which partially resolved his hearing loss.

Where did Walz serve, and what did he do in the National Guard?

During his service, Walz responded to natural disasters, including floods and tornadoes in Minnesota and Nebraska, and was deployed overseas for months at a time, according to MPR.

In 2003, he was sent to Italy, where he served with the European Security Force to support the war in Afghanistan. He was also stationed in Norway for joint training with other NATO militaries.

Walz told MPR that he reenlisted in the National Guard after the September 11 attacks but never saw active combat in his years in the military.

Stars and Stripes reported in 2020 that Walz credited his Army experience with helping him steer Minnesota through the COVID-19 pandemic as governor.

As governor of Minnesota, Walz is commander in chief of the 13,000-soldier Minnesota National Guard. “I’m certainly proud of my military service, but it’s one piece of me,” he told Minnesota Public Radio in 2018. “It doesn’t define me.”

Reuters and USA TODAY reporter Tom Vanden Brook contributed to this story.