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Release of Te Rau Ora Equity Review

The Ministry of Health – Manatū Hauora is today releasing a report that seeks to better understand how the Government’s COVID-19 response affected Māori, Pacific Peoples and disabled people.

The research by Te Rau Ora Te Rau Ora was based on interviews with 43 whānau, community stakeholders and mainstream health providers, eight of whom had a disability or looked after someone who did.

At the time of the research, there had been three waves of COVID-19 in New Zealand:

  • Wave 1 - March 2020 - ‘COVID-19’
  • Wave 2 - August 2021 - ‘Delta’
  • Wave 3 - January 2022 - ‘Omicron’

The research is relevant to all 3 waves.

Those interviewed said the Government’s COVID-19 response created inequities for Māori, Pasifika and disabled people. They also believed that in several areas, such as the vaccination strategy, equity was actively discarded as an objective.

Manatū Hauora acknowledges the concerns they have raised and thanks whānau for their willingness to share their experiences.

In response to the report, Te Rau Ora has made 10 recommendations for improving the health response to COVID-19, covering areas including decision-making, planning, communications, and data collection.

Since the start of the pandemic in February 2020, the Government’s response to COVID-19 has been continually reviewed and refined as new evidence has emerged and experiences are learnt from. We have built on experience from the Delta and Omicron outbreaks and have now adopted a wide range of equity-first approaches in the COVID-19 response.

These insights will be used to reduce inequities associated with any future pandemics. The Te Rau Ora research will also be provided to the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Government’s COVID-19 response.

Since the research was undertaken, the health sector has been reformed to begin to address historic systemic inequities in health outcomes for priority populations. This involved the establishment of Te Aka Whai Ora – the Māori Health Authority which is responsible for ensuring the health system delivers equitable outcomes for Māori. Whaikaha – the Ministry of Disabled People was set up work in partnership to transform the disability support system. It also has a cross government stewardship role to provide guidance on other government agencies work with the disability community.

Engaging with and capturing the voice of our Te Tiriti o Waitangi partners and priority populations is integral to improving the Government’s response to COVID-19, other communicable diseases and future pandemics.

While the review captured a relatively small number of voices concentrated in Tāmaki Makaurau, its themes reflect insights gathered from other reviews into our equity response to COVID-19 including:

  • the Ministry’s Equity Impact Assessment on the Omicron Outbreak
  • the Dovetail Delta Response Rapid Review,
  • the Human Rights Commission Inquiry into the Support of Disabled People and Whānau during Omicron, and
  • the Waitangi Tribunal’s Haumaru report into COVID-19.

Together, these reviews provide a clear focus for health agencies which continue to prioritise investment towards services and a workforce that meets the needs of priority communities while targeting vaccine uptake and therapeutics to those most at risk of poor health outcomes.

The Te Rau Ora report was completed in July and has since been considered by the four health agencies Manatū Hauora, Te Whatu Ora, Te Aka Whai Ora and Whaikaha.

The sector reforms and subsequent staff movements unfortunately delayed the release of this research.

Te Rau Ora Equity Review

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© Ministry of Health – Manatū Hauora

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The Value of Equity Research

Equity research is an invaluable asset for anyone looking to stay up-to-date on market and industry trends. In this guide, you will learn about the type of information contained in equity research, the value it offers to corporate professionals, and how the most advanced teams are already leveraging the expertise of Wall Street’s top analysts to inform critical business decisions.

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Introduction.

Equity research, which forms a multi-billion dollar industry for investment banks, is produced by thousands of analysts worldwide to provide the market with valuable information on companies, industries, and market trends. Today, over 90% of equity research is consumed by fund managers, who have the Wall Street relationships to acquire it and the analyst resources to mine it for insights. For corporate strategy professionals who lack this access, however, equity research has historically been challenging to obtain and navigate.

To help corporations circumvent these challenges, AlphaSense has introduced Wall Street Insights, the first and only equity research collection purpose-built for the corporate user. Through the AlphaSense platform, any business making strategic plans or product decisions, conducting competitive analysis, evaluating M&A, or engaging in investor relations can now tap into the deep industry expertise of Wall Street’s top analysts.

What is Equity Research?

Equity research is developed by sell-side firms to help investors and hedge fund managers discover market opportunities and make informed investment decisions. Increasingly, this expert analysis has also been identified by forward-looking corporations as a highly valuable tool to inform strategic decision-making.

There are thousands of sell-side firms that employ expert analysts around the globe to write equity research for the market. The majority of firms producing equity research are hyper-focused and only have one or two analysts developing reports on a specific industry. However, larger firms, such as Morgan Stanley and Bank of America, collectively employ thousands of analysts to write reports on thousands of public companies–covering everything from TMT giants to niche products.

Equity research analysts are deep subject matter experts who are often former executives, industry veterans, or academics. These analysts conduct in-depth research and publish reports on corporations, industries, and macro trends, offering an expert lens into a subject.

Historically, over 90% of equity research was consumed by buy-side fund managers, who had the Wall Street relationships to acquire it and the analyst resources to mine it for insights. For buy-side professionals, equity research is a critical tool to inform sound investment decisions backed by expert insights.

Today, equity research is increasingly relied upon by corporate teams as a high-value source of information. These teams leverage equity research to make strategic business plans, conduct competitive analysis, evaluate mergers and acquisitions, and make product and marketing decisions. For corporations, the value of equity research lies in the detailed coverage of their company, their competitors, and how they are performing related to the marketplace they are within.

What is an Equity Research Report?

An equity research report is a document prepared by an equity research analyst that often provides insight on whether investors should buy, hold, or sell shares of a public company. In an equity research report, an analyst lays out their recommendation, target price, investment thesis, valuation, and risks.

There are multiple forms of equity research, including (but not limited to):

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An update report that highlights the latest news, company announcements, earnings reports, Buy Sell Hold ratings, M&A activity, anything that impacts the value of the company.

equity research report subscription

A comprehensive company report that is compiled when an analyst or firm initiates their coverage of a stock. Initiation reports cover all of the divisions and products of a company in-depth to provide a baseline of what the company is and how it is performing. Initiation reports can be tens to hundreds of pages long, depending on the complexity of a company.

equity research report subscription

General industry updates that cover a group of similar companies within a sector. Industry-specific reports typically dive into additional factors such as loan growth, interest rates, interest income, net income, and regulatory capital.

equity research report subscription

A report compiled by research firms either daily or weekly. These reports can often be a great place to get more in-depth insight on commodities and also get market opinions from commodity analysts or traders who write the reports.

equity research report subscription

A quick 1-2 page report that comments on a news release from a company or other quick information

What is Included in a Typical Equity Research Report?

Research reports don’t need to follow a specific formula. Analysts at different investment banks have some latitude in determining the look and feel of their reports. But more often than not, research reports follow a certain protocol of what investors expect them to look like.

A typical equity research report includes in-depth industry research, management analysis, financial histories, trends, forecasting, valuations, and recommendations for investors. Sometimes called broker research reports or investment research reports, equity research reports are designed to provide a comprehensive snapshot that investors or corporate leaders can leverage to make informed decisions.

Here’s a quick overview of what a standard equity research report covers:

equity research report subscription

This section covers events, such as quarterly results, guidance, and general company updates.

equity research report subscription

Upgrades/Downgrades are positive or negative changes in an analyst’s outlook of a particular stock valuation. These updates are usually triggered by qualitative and quantitative analysis that contributes to an increase or decrease in the financial valuation of that security.

equity research report subscription

Estimates are detailed projections of what a company will earn over the next several years. Valuations of those earnings estimates form price targets. The price target is based on assumptions about the asset’s future supply & demand and fundamentals.

equity research report subscription

Management Overview and Commentary helps potential investors understand the quality and makeup of a company’s management team. This section can also include a history of leadership within the company and their record with capital allocation, ESG, compensation, incentives, stock ownership. Plus, an overview of the company’s board of directors.

equity research report subscription

This section covers competitors, industry trends, and a company’s standing among its sector. Industry research includes everything from politics to economics, social trends, technological innovation, and more.

equity research report subscription

Historical Financial Results typically cover the history of a company’s stock, plus expectations based on the current market and events surrounding it. To determine if a company is at or above market expectations, Analysts must deeply understand the history of a specific industry and find patterns or trends to support their recommendations.

equity research report subscription

Based on the market analysis, historical financial results, etc., an analyst will run equity valuation models. In some cases, analysts will run more than one valuation model to determine the worth of company stock or asset.

Absolute valuation models : calculates a company’s or asset’s inherent value.

Relative equity valuation models : calculates a company’s or asset’s value relative to another company or asset. Relative valuations base their numbers on price/sales, price/earnings, price/cash flow.

equity research report subscription

An equity research analyst’s recommendation to buy, hold, or sell. The analyst also will have a target price that tells investors where they expect the stock to be in a year’s time.

What Does an Equity Research Analyst Do?

Equity research analysts exist on both the buy-side and the sell-side of the financial services market. Although these roles differ, both buy-side and sell-side analysts produce reports, projections, and recommendations for specific companies and stocks.

An equity research analyst specializes in a group of companies in a particular industry or country to develop high-level expertise and produce accurate projects and recommendations. Since ER analysts generally focus on a small set of stocks (5-20), they become specialists in those specific companies and industries that they evaluate or follow. These analysts monitor market data and news reports and speak to contacts within the companies/industries they study to update their research daily.

Analysts need to comprehend everything about their ‘coverage’ to give investment endorsements. Equity research analysts must be conversant with the business regulations and regime policies within the country to decide how it will affect the market environment and business in general. The more you understand the industries in detail, the easier it will be for you to decipher market dynamics.

One prevalent aspect of an equity research analyst’s job is building and maintaining valuable relationships with corporate leaders, clients, and peers. Equity research is largely about an analyst’s ability to service clients and provide insightful ideas that positively influence their investing strategy.

EQUITY RESEARCH ANALYSTS:

  • Analyze stocks to help portfolio managers make better-informed investment decisions.
  • Analyze a stock against market activity to predict a stock’s outlook.
  • Develop investment models and provide trading strategies.
  • Provide expertise on markets and industries based on their competitive analysis, business analysis, and market research.
  • Use data to model and measure the financial risk associated with particular investment decisions.
  • Understand the details of various markets to compare a company’s and sector’s stock

Buy-Side vs. Sell-Side Analysts

Although the roles of buy-side and sell-side analysts do overlap in some respects, the purpose of their research differs.

How Do Corporates Currently Access Equity Research?

If you were to Google “equity research reports,” you would not get access to equity research, earnings call transcripts or trade journals. You would, however, discover an unmanageable amount of noise to sift through.

Accessing equity research reports is highly dependent on relationships and entitlements, particularly for corporate teams. Unlike financial firms and investor relations teams, who can access equity research by procuring the right entitlements, corporate teams have a much harder time finding and purchasing high-quality equity research.

If you were to search online for equity research, for example, you would be presented with sub-par options such as:

equity research report subscription

Some websites allow you to search for research reports on companies or by firms. Some of the reports are free, but you must pay for most of them. Prices range from just $15 to thousands of dollars.

equity research report subscription

If you want just the bottom-line recommendations from analysts, many sites summarize the data. Nearly all the websites that provide stock quotes also compile analyst recommendations, however, you will only get the big picture and not any of the detailed analysis.

equity research report subscription

Some independent research providers sell their reports directly to investors. These reports typically include an overview of what a stock’s price could be, plus an analysis of the company’s earnings. These reports often cost less than $100 but can be more.

The majority of equity research is completely unsearchable, which is why AlphaSense’s Wall Street Insights is changing the game for corporations globally. Now, with WSI, corporations can leverage this high-quality research to augment their understanding of specific companies and industries; plus, AlphaSense’s corporate clients can now conduct more meaningful analysis and make more data-driven decisions.

Real-Time Research : Real-Time research is available to eligible users (based on an entitlement) immediately upon publication by the broker. Financial Services users with entitlements are the primary consumers of real-time research, while some Corporate professionals are also eligible. Payment for real-time research is made directly from clients to brokers through trading commissions or hard dollar agreements.

Aftermarket Research : Aftermarket research is a collection of many of the same documents as the real-time collection, but it is available after a zero to fifteen-day delay. Investment bankers, consultants, and corporate users are the primary consumers of Aftermarket research.

What is Wall Street Insights?

Wall Street Insights is the first and only equity research collection purpose-built for the corporate market, providing corporations unprecedented access to a deep pool of equity research reports from thousands of expert analysts.

Through partnerships with Morgan Stanley, Bank of America, Barclays, Bernstein, Bernstein Autonomous, Cowen, Deutsche Bank, Evercore ISI, HSBC, and others, corporate professionals can now access the world’s most revered equity research, indexed and searchable in the AlphaSense platform.

From macro market trends and industry analyses to company deep-dives, the Wall Street Insights content collection provides corporate professionals with a 360-degree view of every market. With the valuable expertise of thousands of analysts on your side, corporate teams can quickly compare insights, validate internal assumptions, and generate new ideas to guide critical business decisions and strategies.

In terms of search and accessibility, Wall Street Insights is the first of its kind. Not only does AlphaSense offer hard-to-find equity research reports, but we also provide a robust and seamless search experience.

equity research report subscription

What Research Do You Get Access to with WSI?

Get access to the world’s leading equity research with Wall Street Insights. Download the e-book to learn more about equity research from Morgan Stanley, Barclays, Bernstein, Deutsche Bank, and more.

“We are delighted to partner with AlphaSense to expand access to Morgan Stanley’s global research platform,” says Simon Bound, Global Head of Research at Morgan Stanley. We have over 600 publishing analysts covering companies, industries, commodities, and macroeconomic developments across more than 50 countries. Morgan Stanley will bring corporates a unique perspective from our best in class analysts, a global platform, and a collaborative culture that enables us to unravel the most complex market and industry trends.”

How Can Companies Leverage Equity Research?

Discover how the world’s most innovative companies leverage Wall Street Insights to make critical business decisions every day. Download the e-book to read real case studies from a Corporate Development team and a Corporate Strategy team.

“AlphaSense’s corporate users are typically Corporate Strategy, Corporate Development, and Investor Relations professionals. Today, thousands of enterprises rely on equity research to power data-driven decision making. These teams leverage equity research reports to:”

  • Create investment ideas
  • Monitor peers in real-time (and discover what equity research is being produced about them)
  • Model and evaluate companies (for M&A or general benchmarking)
  • Dive deep into customers, partners, and prospects
  • Get up-to-speed quickly on specific industry trends
  • Prepare for earnings season

Ready to explore the world’s leading equity research

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Reports

Latest stock research reports with share price targets forecast, buy, hold, and sell recommendations along with upside. Search by company or broker name.

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  • Most Recent
Summary Date Stock Author LTP Target Price at reco
(Change since reco%)
Upside(%) Type Report Discuss
30 Aug 2024 25235.90
Daily Note pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
29 Aug 2024
IPO Note pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
29 Aug 2024 51351.00
Daily Note pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
29 Aug 2024 25235.90
Daily Note pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
29 Aug 2024 16516.25 17000.00 16544.85
(-0.17%)
2.93 Neutral pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
29 Aug 2024 Target 1753.25 2000.00 1751.85
(0.08%)
14.07 Buy pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
29 Aug 2024 Target 813.20 943.00 813.00
(0.02%)
15.96 Buy pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
29 Aug 2024
Sector Update pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
29 Aug 2024 51351.00
Daily Note pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
29 Aug 2024 25235.90
Daily Note pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
28 Aug 2024 Target 12403.00 15160.00 12357.50
(0.37%)
22.23 Buy pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
28 Aug 2024 Target 532.35 689.00 533.55
(-0.22%)
29.43 Buy pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
28 Aug 2024 51351.00
Daily Note pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
28 Aug 2024 25235.90
Daily Note pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
28 Aug 2024
Sector Update pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
28 Aug 2024 51351.00
Daily Note pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
28 Aug 2024 25235.90
Daily Note pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
27 Aug 2024
IPO Note pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
27 Aug 2024 Target 194.04 236.00 208.41
(-6.90%)
21.62 Buy pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> 1 Alert
27 Aug 2024 Target 2295.25 3000.00 2263.40
(1.41%)
30.70 Buy pdf post cache Broker Report pdf --> Alert
more

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Here’s How to Write an Equity Research Report: The Best Guide

October 17, 2016

The Advanced Guide to Equity Research Report Writing

Equity Research is a rewarding career.

To keep up, you need a strong foundation with the judgment to think critically, act independently, and be relentlessly analytical.

That’s why I wrote this guide — to empower you with the equity research(ER) report writing skills to stay ahead in the equity research career.

There is almost NO guide available that teaches you how to write an equity research report.

From textbooks to online video tutorials, you can check and let me know if you find one.

And, I felt that I should write a detailed and step-by-step guide— a guide that really starts at the beginning to equip already-intelligent analysts with a healthy balance of conceptual and practical advice.

The Advanced Guide to Equity Research Report Writing takes your writing to the next level.

Who Is This Guide for?

I wrote this guide for an audience of equity research analysts , investment banking professionals, industry analysts, market research professionals, business management students, and freelance writers.

Most of all, I want you to walk away from this guide feeling confident about your equity report writing skill.

What Is an Equity Research Report

This chapter explains what exactly an ER report is.

The questions like—Who makes it? Who reads and uses it? What are the different types of equity research reports?—are answered clearly and elaborately.

It briefly talks about the various key contents of an ER report.

And lastly, it explains the need to provide a disclaimer at the end of an ER report.

So before understanding how to write an ER report, let’s try to understand what exactly an equity ER is.

FINRA , the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, defines an equity research report, in Rule 2711 (a)(8) as,

 “A written or electronic communication that includes an analysis of equity securities of individual companies or industries , and that provides information reasonably sufficient upon which to base an investment decision.

Readers of Equity Research, more so than anything else, identify trends that make investment decisions easier to justify.

In simpler words, equity research is a document written and published by a brokerage house or securities firm for its clients to help them to make better decisions regarding which stocks to choose for profitable investment.

The report should be such that it should convince the client to make a decision.

The report should be crisp; the point of view should be clearly structured and articulated concisely.

In the investment industry, equity reports usually refer to ‘sell-side’ research, or investment research created by brokerage houses.

Such research is circulated to the corporate and retail clients of the brokerage house that publishes it.

Research produced by the ‘buy-side’, which includes mutual funds, pension funds, and portfolio managers, is usually for internal use and is not distributed to outside parties.

a. Different types of equity reports

In the above paragraph, we saw terms such as ‘sell-side’ and ‘buy-side’.

Let’s quickly understand what these terms mean:

There are two main types of equity research reports:

i. Sell-Side reports

Sell-side reports are the most common type of equity research reports in circulation.

They are normally produced by investment banks , typically for their clients to guide their investment decisions.

A sell-side analyst works for a brokerage firm or bank which manages individual clients and makes investment recommendations to them.

Sell-side analysts issue the often-heard recommendations of “buy”, “hold”, “neutral”, or “sell”.

These recommendations help clients make decisions to buy or sell stocks.

This is favourable for the brokerage firm as each time a client takes a decision to trade; the brokerage firm gets a commission on the transactions.

Click here to see some examples of sell-side reports

ii. Buy-Side reports

The ‘buy-side’ reports are internal reports, produced for the bank itself, and are guided by differing perspectives and motivations.

A buy-side analyst generally works for a mutual fund or a pension fund company.

They perform research and make recommendations to the money managers of the fund that hires them.

Buy-side analysts will verify how promising an investment seems and how well it fits with the fund’s investment strategy.

These recommendations are made exclusively for the benefit of the fund that employs them and is not available to anyone outside the fund.

Within the buy/sell group, there are other types of reports like initiating coverage reports, standard reports, Issue reports, Investor notes, and sector reports.

iii. Initiating coverage reports

The initiating coverage reports are conducted on firms that the bank has begun following and are typically more comprehensive in nature.

Initiating coverage reports analyze a company’s historical financial information, order books, efficiency, SWOT, cash-flows, and future earning potential, basis which it estimates the future earnings of the company and its P/E multiples.

Click here to see some examples of initiating coverage reports

iv. Standard reports

After an initiating report is produced standard reports will follow for as long as the brokerage house continues to track the stock.

Stocks that are tracked are typically part of an index like the SENSEX or are amongst the top stocks in an industry as these are the stocks that investors care about and are traded in larger volumes.

v. Issue reports

These reports are issued when generally companies announce earnings each quarter (Quarterly earnings reports).

vi. Investor notes

These reports are published a few times in between for incremental information and news.

For example – investor conference companies hold a big M&A deal or a major new product announcement from a competitor.

These are usually short-run updates and are typically just quantitative in nature.

vii. Sector reports

A sector report is a document that evaluates a given industry and the companies involved in it.

It is often included as part of a business plan and typically seeks to establish how one company can gain an advantage in industry through detailed research on competition, products, and customers.

Click here to download the sector report

b. Contents of an equity research report

Now that we have understood the different types of equity research reports, let’s try to see the contents of an ER report.

An ER report should not be more than 10 to 15 pages long and should be very crisp and concise.

It should give the reader a clear understanding of the opinion of the analyst writing the report.

An ER report typically has the following contents:

1. Analyst opinion and summary

2. Key highlights of the company

3. A snapshot of the industry

4. Financial ratio analysis

5. Financial Modeling and Valuation analysis

6. Risk factors

7. Disclosure and rationale of rating

Usually, most of the equity research reports have this information; however, there is no hard and fast rule in which an ER report should be written.

We will study in detail (with examples) how to write each of these segments of an ER report in the forthcoming chapters.

c. Importance of Disclaimers in Analyst Reports

As every ER report is an investment document, and investors use it to make decisions for buying or selling securities based on it, it is important for the report to have certain disclaimers to show un-biases of the analyst writing the report.

Some typical disclaimers are as follows:

  • Every ER report entirely reflects views and personal opinions of the analyst as on the date of publication
  • The equity research analyst does not have an interest in the shares of the company
  • Compensation of the analyst is not linked directly to any specific research recommendations contained in the report

Financial Analysts or equity research analysts working in brokerage firms or sell-side analysts write equity research reports.

Equity research report writing process

Equity Research Report writing

After completing the fundamental analysis, financial statement analysis, ratio analysis, and valuation, the last part of the equity research process is writing equity research reports.

As an equity research analyst, you need to analyze the industry and the company first and then write the stock research report.

This step is paramount in your equity research analysis career .

This is important to write the equity research reports in such a way that your clients understand every word of it.

It’s also important to include relevant analysis that you’ve done in the report.

How to write a report

Let’s see each step of writing an equity research report in detail.

1. Company fundamental analysis

a) Macroeconomic Analysis

b) Checking public information of the company

c) Discussion/ interviews with company management

d) Prepare a 5-year cash flow model and earnings forecast model

e) Review your operational and financial assumptions

f) Assess management and competitive environment, buyers, suppliers, substitutes, porter 5-forces model that tells you the competitive advantage of the company.

2. Company valuation analysis

1. Use intrinsic valuation—Discounted Cash Flow(DCF) method

2. Relative valuation

3. sum-of-the-parts valuation method, wherever required.

Pointers for writing equity research reports

I’ve created a list of pointers purely based on my experience and observations and a bit of research about dos and don’ts while writing an equity research report.

1. A clear view of the company

Before writing the report, have a clear view of the company in terms of—Investment rationale, risk assessment, key growth drivers, cost drivers, and revenue drivers.

2. Recommendation/Rating

Clearly write the company’s name at the top of the report and mention your recommendation—buy, sell, hold.

You can also use the words—outperform, underperform, neutral or accumulate based on your valuation.

Have an image of an equity research report in your mind, and so you won’t miss these details.

Usually, there are templates available in your company and you need to write the report using these templates.

3. Target price

You need to mention the target price based on your valuation along with the recommendation.

4. Investment rationale

Write clearly your investment rationale. Why do you think the share price will go up/down?

5. Share price chart

Include a price chart of the stock that will show the last 52-weeks’ share price movement.

6.Business model

Mention the analysis of the company’s business model and how will it perform in the next 2-3 years.

7. Key ratio analysis

Include important ratio analysis of the company and 52-week high-low share price on a stock exchange.

Include market capitalization, Enterprise Value(EV), Earnings Before Interest Tax and Depreciation (EBITDA), EV/EBITDA, and dividend yield (%)

8. Product profile and segments

Analyze the company’s product profile, its various segments, and brands. Include current sales and forecasted revenue figures, cost, market size, company’s market share, competition, the company’s performance in domestic and other markets.

9. Economy-Industry-Company (E-I-C) Analysis

Cover the company’s fundamental analysis with supportive data.

10. Intrinsic and relative valuation

Perform DCF analysis and relative valuation. Relative valuation should be done with the company’s peers on the basis of Price-Earnings ratio (P/E), Price to Book ratio (P/B), Price to Sales (P/S), Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Capital Employed (ROCE).

11. Reasoning for recommendation

Write proper reasoning for your recommendation. For example—Why buy the stock or why not to buy the stock. So, your reasoning has to be strong.

12. Unlock the value

Write what can unlock/increase/reduce the value of the company .

13. Legal matters

If the company is battling any case, write what could be its effects on the stock price.

14. Common industry points

While writing industry reports, write the points which are common for all players in the industry, for example, regulatory limitation, excise duty, oil prices, etc.

15. Covering all the areas in an equity research report

While writing the equity research report, assume that the reader is new to the company and he doesn’t have any idea about its business.

So, your report should include precise information about—product, financials, management, market, future plans of the company, growth estimates, and the risk factors of the company.

In short, as an equity research analyst, your equity analysis report writing process should be structured and you should follow the dos and don’ts mentioned in this post.

Sample equity research reports (PDFs):

The Walt Disney Company

If you have any queries, Speak Your Mind.

Key Takeaways

  • Equity research report writing is a skill . You need to build this skill to go to the next level in your career . Top-notch careers in finance–equity research, investment banking , asset management, financial research, Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO) units value this skill in high regard.
  • There are different types of research reports–sell-side, buy-side, initiating coverage, standard, issue, investor notes, and sector reports. As an analyst, you should know all these reports.
  • Contents of an equity research report include Analyst opinion and summary, Key highlights of the company,  A snapshot of the industry, Financial and ratio analysis, Valuation analysis, Risk factors, and Disclosure and rationale of rating. I’m going to cover all these sections in detail with examples in the coming chapters.

Now You Try It

I hope you can see the potential of equity research report writing skills for your career.

Yes, it takes hard work to create something great.

But with this skill, you already know ahead of time that your hard work is going to pay off.

I want you to give the skill a try and let me know how it works for you.

If you have a question or thought, leave a comment below and I’ll get right to it.

  • Download BIWS Course sample videos here .
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Coming from a family of Stock investors, Ekansh started reading The Economic Times when he was 12 and made his first investment with his pocket money in 2008 when he was in the 3rd year of his B. Tech. In 2009, he started writing equity research reports on small cap stocks for an equity research firm.

With humble beginnings, he founded Katalyst Wealth in 2011 and got SEBI registration (research analyst) in 2015.

Soon, he got the due recognition from Forbes India in 2015 and Economic Times in 2017 for his investing prowess and ability to spot emerging small cap companies at an early stage .

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As on 25th Aug'24, 22 medium/long term stock recommendations are under coverage. Out of the same, 7 are both Positive rated and in the buy zone .

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KatalystWealth.com (here in referred to as “Katalyst Wealth”) is the domain owned by Mittal Consulting (Ekansh Mittal is the Sole Proprietor). We offer independent equity research services to clients on subscription basis. SEBI (Research Analysts) Regulations 2014, Registration No. INH100001690.

At Katalyst Wealth we provide stock recommendations while focusing on long term wealth creation. We follow the principles of Growth cum Value investing and compounding. We have been recognized by  FORBES ,  ET  and  Outlook Business  for our investing prowess.

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At Katalyst Wealth we believe in the philosophy of “Put your money where your mouth is”. We invest in most of the stocks we share reports on.

We make money when you like our research and renew your subscription. Thus, our entire focus is on the quality of research and the stock ideas than the number of stock ideas.

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What are Special Situation Opportunities?

Markets are full of mispriced opportunities. Demergers, Delisting, Buybacks, Open Offers and many more such events if carefully studied can unlock good value in a short time span of 3-6 months.

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Repco Home Finance (NSE - REPCOHOME) stock presentation at IAS 2024

Dear All, Last week I attended Investing Accelerator Summit 2024. It was wonderfully organized by Vivek Mashrani, Ishmohit, Utkarsh Pandey and Vipul Makwana. I presented a business analysis of Repco Home Finance (NSE – REPCOHOME). You can read it here – 23rd Aug’24_Repco Home – IAS 2024    Disclaimer: This is not a recommendation to buy/sell Repco Home Finance. I have personal investment in Repco Home Finance and have also recommended it to clients from lower levels. The securities quoted…

[Stock idea] – Sterling Tools...1 of the largest MCU suppliers for EVs in India

Hello Sir, Hope you are doing well. I was recently reading about Sterling Tools Ltd. The company is the 2nd largest automotive fastener manufacturer in India. However, what I found interesting is that it has a subsidiary – SGEM. The contribution from the same was 0 till FY 21 and at the end of FY 24, it accounted for 35% of the consolidated revenue. What SGEM does – It is one of the largest Motor Control Unit (MCU) suppliers for Electric Vehicles in…

[New Stock Reco]: Fast growing Cement company available at only 0.4 times replacement cost

Hello Sir, Hope you are doing well. 2 days back, we released new stock recommendation for Alpha and Alpha + Members and would like to share with you details on the same. It’s a fast growing well managed Cement company and available at only 0.4 times replacement cost of around Rs 850 crore per MTPA. Cement sector is going through a phase of consolidation and small cement companies are getting acquired in the range of Rs 700-900 crore per MTPA. Key Points about the New Stock…

Today: Release of New Stock Recommendation for Alpha/Alpha + members

Hello Sir, Hope you are doing well. Today, we will release our new stock recommendation for our Alpha and Alpha + Members Interesting details about the stock: Cement company Strong growth – 12% volume CAGR and 15% + sales CAGR over the last 10 years Integrated cement plant with captive limestone mines and captive power Expanding capacity by 20% + in FY 25 Balance sheet – Low absolute debt and lowest debt equity ratio in the last 10 years Scope for improvement…

[Stock Idea]: Lloyds Metals & Energy - 100 bagger since Mar'20...how could one have identified it?

Hello Sir, Hope you are doing well. Recently I came across Lloyds Metals & Energy. It’s been a 100 + bagger since Mar’20. While going through the financial performance of the company, was thinking to myself, how could one have picked the stock before the turnaround happened in FY 22. Source: Screener   If you remember, we have been saying, look for Preferential allotment of warrants to Promoters in companies in which there’s been a decent correction in stock price (40-50% or more) So, in…

[Case study]: How to screen for Multibagger stocks – Himadri Specialty Chemical

Hello Sir, Hope you are doing well. Everyone is looking for turnaround opportunities that can turn out to be multibaggers. The question is – How does one screen for such stocks? We believe one good way to screen for such stocks is as follows:   Look for Preferential allotment of warrants to Promoters in companies in which there’s been a decent correction in stock price (40-50% or more)   Let’s look at a case – Himadri Specialty Chemical From FY 19…

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Use LSEG Workspace (formerly Refinitiv).

  • To find analyst reports (also known as sell-side, broker, or equity research reports) for a specific company, search for that firm's ticker symbol or name in the top search box. Then, on the News & Research  menu, click on Company Research . Use filters near the top of the page to refine your search. 
  • To screen for analyst reports based on a set of criteria, type  ADVRES in the search bar and select the Research Advanced Search app, or click on  Research in the main menu. then, click on Advanced Research . You can filter for reports by industry, geography, contributor, keywords, and more.

Note: LSEG Workspace has a  150-page daily limit for viewing and downloading research content. This limit is in lieu of retail prices listed on reports and resets at 12:00 AM Eastern Time daily.

Bloomberg (see access details ) contains some analyst reports.

  • Type your company's ticker symbol, then hit the yellow EQUITY key, then type DSCO and hit the green GO key.
  • To find reports by industry or keyword, type RES and hit the green GO key.

Morningstar equity research reports and analyst cash flow models can be found in PitchBook .

Hoovers contains some analyst reports as well.

  • Type in a company name and select the company you want.
  • Scroll down the screen; if available, analyst reports appear under Advanced on the left side.
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What’s in an Equity Research Report?

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Even though you can easily find real equity research reports via the magical tool known as “Google,” we’ve continued to get questions on this topic.

Whenever I see the same question over and over again, you know what I do: I bash my head in repeatedly and contemplate jumping off a building…

…and then I write an article to answer the question.

To understand an equity research report, you must understand what goes into a  stock pitch first.

The idea is similar, but an ER report is a “watered-down” version of a stock pitch.

But banks have some very solid reasons for publishing equity research reports:

Why Do Equity Research Reports Matter?

You might remember from previous articles that equity research teams do not spend that much time writing these reports .

Most of their time is spent speaking with management teams and institutional investors and sharing their views on sectors and companies.

However, equity research reports are still important because:

  • You do still spend some time doing the required modeling work (~15%) and writing the reports (~20%).
  • You might have to write a research report as part of the interview process.

For example, if you apply to an equity research role or an equity research internship , especially in an off-cycle process, you might be asked to draft a short report on a company.

And then in roles outside of ER, you need to know how to interpret reports quickly and extract the key information.

Equity Research Reports: Myth vs. Reality

If you want to understand equity research reports, you have to understand first why banks publish them: to earn higher commissions from trading activity.

A bank wants to encourage institutional investors to buy more shares of the companies it covers.

Doing so generates more trading volume and higher commissions for the bank.

This is why you rarely, if ever, see “Sell” ratings, and why “Hold” ratings are far less common than “Buy” ratings.

Different Types of Equity Research Reports

One last point before getting into the tutorial: There are many different types of research reports.

“Initiating Coverage” reports tend to be long – 50-100 pages or more – and have tons of industry research and data.

“Sector Reports” on entire industries are also very long. And there are other types, which you can read about here .

In this tutorial, we’re focusing on the “Company Update” or “Company Note”-type reports, which are the most common ones.

The Full Tutorial, Video, and Sample Equity Research Reports

For our full walk-through of equity research reports, please see the video below:

Table of Contents:

  • 1:43: Part 1: Stock Pitches vs. Equity Research Reports
  • 6:00: Part 2: The 4 Main Differences in Research Reports
  • 12:46: Part 3: Sample Reports and the Typical Sections
  • 20:53: Recap and Summary

You can get the reports and documents referenced in the video here:

  • Equity Research Report – Jazz Pharmaceuticals [JAZZ] – OUTPERFORM [BUY] Recommendation [PDF]
  • Equity Research Report – Shawbrook [SHAW] – NEUTRAL [HOLD] Recommendation [PDF]
  • Equity Research Reports vs. Stock Pitches – Slides [PDF]

If you want the text version instead, keep reading:

Watered-Down Stock Pitches

You should think of equity research reports as “watered-down stock pitches.”

If you’ve forgotten, a hedge fund or asset management stock pitch ( sample stock pitch here ) has the following components:

  • Part 1: Recommendation
  • Part 2: Company Background
  • Part 3: Investment Thesis
  • Part 4: Catalysts
  • Part 5: Valuation
  • Part 6: Investment Risks and How to Mitigate Them
  • Part 7: The Worst-Case Scenario and How to Avoid It

In a stock pitch, you’ll spend most of your time and energy on the Catalysts, Valuation, and Investment Risks because you want to express a VERY different view of the company .

For example, the company’s stock price is $100, but you believe it’s worth only $50 because it’s about to report earnings 80% lower than expectations.

Therefore, you recommend shorting the stock. You also recommend purchasing call options at an exercise price of $125 to limit your losses to 25% if the stock moves in the opposite direction.

In an equity research report, you’ll still express a view of the company that’s different from the consensus, but your view won’t be dramatically different.

You’ll spend more time on the Company Background and Valuation sections, and far less time and space on the Catalysts and Risk Factors. And you won’t even write a Worst-Case Scenario section.

If a company seems overvalued by 50%, a research analyst would probably write a “Hold” recommendation, say that there’s “uncertainty around several customers,” and claim that the company’s current market value is appropriate.

Oh, and by the way, one risk factor is that the company might report lower-than-expected earnings.

The Four Main Differences in Equity Research Reports

The main differences are as follows:

1) There’s More Emphasis on Recent Results and Announcements

For example, how does a recent product announcement, clinical trial result, or earnings report impact the company?

You’ll almost always see recent news and updates on the first page of a research report:

Equity Research Report Cover Page

These factors may play a role in hedge fund stock pitches as well, but more so in short recommendations since timing is more important there.

2) Far-Outside-the-Mainstream Views Are Less Common

One comical example of this trend is how all 15 equity research analysts covering Enron rated it a “buy” right before it collapsed :

Equity Research Report for Enron With Buy Recommendation

Sell-side analysts are far less likely to point out that the emperor has no clothes than buy-side analysts.

3) Research Reports Give “Target Prices” Rather Than Target Price Ranges

For example, the company is trading at $50.00 right now, but we expect its price to increase to exactly $75.00 in the next twelve months.

This idea is completely ridiculous because valuation is always about the range of possible outcomes, not a specific outcome.

Despite horrendously low accuracy , this practice continues.

To be fair, many analysts do give target prices in different cases, which is an improvement:

Equity Research Report with Target Share Price Range

4) The Investment Thesis, Catalysts, and Risk Factors Are “Looser”

These sections tend to be “afterthoughts” in most reports.

For example, the bank might give a few reasons why it expects the company’s share price to rise: the company will capture more market share than expected, it will be able to increase its product prices more rapidly than expected, and a competitor is about to go bankrupt.

However, the sell-side analyst will not tie these factors to specific share-price impacts as a buy-side analyst would.

Similarly, the report might mention catalysts and investment risks, but there won’t be a link to a specific valuation impact from each factor.

So the typical stock pitch logic (“We think there’s a 50% chance of gaining 80% and a 50% chance of losing 20%”) won’t be spelled out explicitly:

equity-research-report-04

Your Sample Equity Research Reports

To illustrate these concepts, I’m sharing two equity research reports from our financial modeling courses :

The first one is from the valuation case study in our Advanced Financial Modeling course , and the second one is from the main case study in our Bank Modeling course .

These are comprehensive examples, backed by industry data and outside research, but if you want a shorter/simpler example you can recreate in a few hours, the Core Financial Modeling course has just that.

In each case, we started by creating traditional HF/AM stock pitches and valuations and then made our views weaker in the research reports.

The Typical Sections of an Equity Research Report

So let’s briefly go through the main sections of these reports, using the two examples above:

Page 1: Update, Rating, Price Target, and Recent Results

The first page of an “Update” report states the bank’s recommendation (Buy, Hold, or Sell, sometimes with slightly different terminology), and gives recent updates on the company.

For example, in both these reports we reference recent earnings results from the companies and expectations for the next fiscal year:

ERR Buy Recommendation

We also give a “target price,” explain where it comes from, and give our estimates for the company’s key financial metrics.

We mention catalysts in both reports, but we don’t link anything to a specific valuation impact.

One problem with providing a specific “target price” is that it must be based on specific multiples and specific assumptions in a DCF or DDM.

So with Jazz, we explain that the $170.00 target is based on 20.7x and 15.3x EV/EBITDA multiples for the comps, and a discount rate of 8.07% and Terminal FCF growth rate of 0.3% in the DCF.

Next: Operations and Financial Summary

Next, you’ll see a section with lots of graphs and charts detailing the company’s financial performance, market share, and important metrics and ratios.

For a pharmaceutical company like Jazz, you might see revenue by product, pricing and # of patients per product per year, and EBITDA margins.

For a commercial bank like Shawbrook, you might see loan growth, interest rates, interest income and net income, and regulatory capital figures such as the Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) and Tangible Common Equity (TCE) ratios:

equity-research-report-06

This section of the report explains how the analyst or equity research associate forecast the company’s performance and came up with the numbers used in the valuation.

The valuation section is the one that’s most similar in a research report and a stock pitch.

In both fields, you explain how you arrived at the company’s implied value, which usually involves pasting in a DCF or DDM analysis and comparable companies and transactions.

The methodologies are the same, but the assumptions might differ substantially.

In research, you’re also more likely to point to specific multiples, such as the 75 th percentile EV/EBITDA multiple, and explain why they are the most meaningful ones.

For example, you might argue that since the company’s growth rates and margins exceed the medians of the set, it deserves to be valued at the 75 th percentile multiples rather than the median multiples:

equity-research-report-07

Investment Thesis, Catalysts, and Risks

This section is short, and it is more of an afterthought than anything else.

We do give reasons for why these companies might be mis-priced, but the reasoning isn’t that detailed.

For example, in the Shawbrook report we state that the U.K. mortgage market might slow down and that regulatory changes might reduce the market size and the company’s market share:

Equity Research Report Investment Risks

Those are legitimate catalysts, but the report doesn’t explain their share-price impact in the same way that a stock pitch would.

Finally, banks present Investment Risks mostly so they can say, “Well, we warned you there were risks and that our recommendation might be wrong.”

By contrast, buy-side analysts present Investment Risks so they can say, “There is a legitimate chance we could lose 50% – let’s hedge against that risk with options or other investments so that our fund does not collapse .”

How These Reports Both Differ from the Corresponding Stock Pitches

The Jazz equity research report corresponds to a “Long” pitch that’s much stronger:

  • We estimate its intrinsic value as $180 – $220 / share , up from $170 in the report.
  • We estimate the per-share impact of each catalyst: price increases add 15% to the share price, more patients from marketing efforts add 10%, and later-than-expected generics competition adds 15%.
  • We also estimate the per-share impact from the risk factors and conclude that in the worst case , the company’s share price might decline from $130 to $75-$80. But in all likelihood, even if we’re wrong, the company is simply valued appropriately at $130.
  • And then we explain how to hedge against these risks with put options.

The same differences apply to the Shawbrook research report vs. the stock pitch, but the stock pitch there is a “Short” recommendation where we claim that the company is overvalued by 30-50%.

And that sums up the differences perfectly: A Short recommendation with 30-50% downside in a stock pitch turns into a “Hold” recommendation with roughly equal upside and downside in a sell-side research report.

I’ve been harsh on equity research here, but I don’t want to disparage it too much.

There are many positives: You do get more creativity than in IB, it might be better for hedge fund or asset management exits, and it’s more fun to follow companies than to grind through grunt work on deals.

But no matter how you slice it, most equity research reports are watered-down stock pitches.

So, make sure you understand the “strong stuff” first before you downgrade – even if your long-term goal is equity research.

You might be interested in:

  • The Equity Research Analyst Career Path: The Best Escape from a Ph.D. Program, or a Pathway into the Abyss?
  • Private Equity Regulation : 2023 Changes and Impact on Finance Careers
  • Stock Pitch Guide: How to Pitch a Stock in Interviews and Win Offers

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About the Author

Brian DeChesare is the Founder of Mergers & Inquisitions and Breaking Into Wall Street . In his spare time, he enjoys lifting weights, running, traveling, obsessively watching TV shows, and defeating Sauron.

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Read below or Add a comment

15 thoughts on “ What’s in an Equity Research Report? ”

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Hi Brian, what softwares are available to publish Research Reports?

equity research report subscription

We use Word templates. Some large banks have specialized/custom programs, but not sure how common they are.

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Is it possible if you can send me a template in word of an equity report? It will help the graduate stock management fund a lot at Umass Boston.

We only have PDF versions for these, but Word should be able to open any PDF reasonably well.

' src=

Do you also provide a pre constructed version of an ER in word?

We have editable examples of equity research reports in Word, but we generally only share PDF versions on this site.

' src=

Hey Brian Can you please help me with coverage initiated reports on oil companies. I could not find them on the net. I need to them to get equity research experience, after which only I will be able to get into the field. I searched but reports could not be found even for a price. Thanks

We have an example of an oil & gas stock pitch on this site… do a search…

https://mergersandinquisitions.com/oil-gas-stock-pitch/

Beyond that, sorry, we cannot look for reports and then share them with you or we’d be inundated with requests to do that every day.

No worries. Thanks!

' src=

Hi! Brian! Do u know how investment bankers design and layout an equity research? the software they use. like MS Word, Adobe Indesign or something…? And how to create and layout one? Thanks

' src=

where can I get free equity research report? I am a Chinese student and now study in Australia. Is the Morning Star a good resource for research report?

Get a TD Ameritrade to access free reports there for certain companies.

' src=

How do you view the ER industry since the trading commission has been down 50% since 2007. And there are new in coming regulation governing the ER reports have to explicitly priced and funds need to pay for the report explicity rather than as a service comes free with brokerage?

In addition the whole S&T environment is becoming highly automated.

People have been predicting the death of equity research for over a decade, but it’s still here. It may not be around in 100 years, but it will still be around in another 10 years, though it will be smaller and less relevant.

Yes, things are becoming more automated, but the actual job of an equity research analyst or associate hasn’t changed dramatically. A machine can’t speak with investors to assess their sentiment on a company – only humans can do that.

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What is an Equity Research Report?

Contents of an equity research report, buy side vs sell side research, why do banks publish equity research reports, equity research report recommendations, different types of reports, equity research report example, additional resources, equity research report.

A recommendation to buy, sell, or hold shares of a public company

An equity research report is a document prepared by an Analyst that provides a recommendation on whether investors should buy, hold, or sell shares of a public company . Additionally, it provides an overview of the business, the industry it operates in, the management team, its financial performance , risks, and the target price.

Equity Research Report - Cover Page of Kraft Foods Group Report

To learn more, check out CFI’s Valuation Modeling Classes .

Let’s take a closer look at what’s included in an equity research report. Below is a list of the main sections you’ll find in one of these reports.

  • Recommendation – Typically to either buy, sell, or hold shares in the company. This section also usually includes a target price (i.e., $47.00 in the next 12 months).
  • Company Update – Any recent information, new releases, quarterly or annual results , major contracts, management changes, or any other important information about the company.
  • Investment Thesis – A summary of why the analyst believes the stock will over or underperform and what will cause it to reach the share price target included in the recommendation. This is probably the most interesting part of the report.
  • Financial Information & Valuation – A forecast of the company’s income statement , balance sheet, cash flow , and valuation. This section is often an output from a financial model built in Excel.
  • Risk & Disclaimers – An overview of the risks associated with investing in the stock. This is usually a laundry list that includes all conceivable risks, thus making it feel like a legal disclaimer. The reports also have extensive disclaimers in addition to the risk section.

Equity Research Report - Contents

It’s important to distinguish between buy side and sell side research reports.

Buy side firms (asset management companies) have their own internal research teams that produce reports and recommendations on which stocks the firm and its portfolio managers should buy and sell. The reports are only used for internal investment decision making and not distributed publicly.

Sell side firms such as investment banks produce equity research reports to be disseminated to their sales and trading clients and wealth management clients. These reports are distributed for free for a variety of reasons (explained below) and have a specific recommendation to buy, sell, or hold as well as an expected target price.

Learn more about buy side vs sell side  jobs.

The sell side publishes reports to generate fees, both directly and indirectly.

Direct: Trading Commissions

When an investment bank publishes valuable equity research for an institutional client, that client is then likely to use the bank to execute their trades for that stock. While there no actual agreement to do so, it’s an unspoken rule. The bank may also use the report to persuade the client to buy more shares in a holding they already have, to therefor further increase commissions.

Indirect: Investment Banking Relationships

All banks have a Chinese Wall between their investment banking teams and research departments, but there still remains an indirect incentive for research to be supportive of stocks the bank may provide investment banking services to. The fees that investment bankers earn on underwriting and mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are huge, and a bank would never want to miss out an opportunity to work with a CEO of a public company because the bank had a “Sell” rating on their stock.

For this reason, sell side research typically includes a disclaimer along the lines of, “Bank X seeks and does business with companies that are covered in its research reports. Because of this, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest (due to these investment banking relationships) that could affect the objectivity of this report. Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making their investment decision.”

Each bank has their own set of recommendations (terms) they use to rate a stock. Below is a list of the most common recommendations or rating analysts issue.

Ratings include:

  • Buy, Outperform, Overweight
  • Hold, Neutral, Marketweight
  • Sell, Underperform, Underweight

To learn more, check out CFI’s Valuation Modeling Courses .

This guide has focused on a “typical” equity research report, but there are various other types that can take slightly different forms. Below is a list of other types.

Types of reports:

  • Initiating Coverage – A long report (often 50-100+ pages long) that is released when a firm starts covering a stock for the first time.
  • Industry Reports – General industry updates about a few companies in a sector.
  • Top Picks – A list and summary of a firm’s top stock picks and their targeted returns.
  • Quarterly Results – A report that focuses on the company’s quarterly earnings release and any updated guidance.
  • Flash Reports – Quick 1-2 page report that comments on a new release from the company or other quick information.

Below is an example of an equity research report on Kraft Foods. As you can see in the images below, the analyst clearly lays out the recommendation, target price, recent updates, investment thesis, valuation, and risks.

Equity Research Report - Example

Thank you for reading CFI’s guide on Equity Research Report. To learn more, these additional resources will be helpful:

  • Investment Research
  • Types of Valuation Multiples
  • DCF Modeling Guide
  • Finance Salary Guides
  • See all valuation resources
  • See all capital markets resources
  • Share this article

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Equity Research Report

Step-by-Step Guide to Understanding an Equity Research Report (with Template)

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What is Equity Research Report?

Sell-side equity research analysts primarily communicate their investment thesis and perspective on the outlook of a publicly-traded company through the publication of equity research reports.

In the following guide, we’ll describe the typical components of a research report and illustrate the real-world application of these reports with regard to the buy side and sell side.

Equity Research Report

Table of Contents

What are the Different Types of Equity Research Reports?

Equity research report ratings (buy, sell, and hold), jp morgan equity research report example (pdf), how is an equity research report structured.

Equity research reports are usually available for a fee through financial data providers.

Barring a new company initiation or an unexpected event, equity research reports tend to immediately precede and follow a company’s quarterly earnings announcements.

That’s because quarterly earnings releases tend to be catalysts for stock price movements, as earnings announcements likely represent the first time in 3 months that a company provides a comprehensive financial update.

Of course, research reports are also released immediately upon a major announcement like an acquisition or a restructuring .

Additionally, if an equity research analyst initiates coverage on a new stock, he/she will likely publish a comprehensive initiation piece.

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Equity research reports are one of several types of key documents analysts have to gather before diving into a full-scale financial modeling project.

Why? The research reports contain estimates used widely by investment bankers to help drive the assumptions underpinning 3-statement models and other models commonly built on the sell side .

On the buy side , equity research is also widely used. Like investment bankers, buy-side analysts find the insights in sell-side equity research reports helpful. However, equity research is used to help the buy side professional understand the “street consensus,” which is important for determining the extent to which companies have an unrealized value that may justify an investment.

The three main types of ratings ascribed by equity research analysts are the following:

  • “Buy” Rating → If an equity research analyst marks a stock as a “Buy”, the rating is a formal recommendation that upon analyzing the stock and the factors that drive price movements, the analyst has determined the stock is a worthwhile investment. The markets tend to interpret the rating as a “Strong Buy”, especially if the report’s findings resonate with investors.
  • “Sell” Rating → In order to preserve their existing relationships with the management teams of publicly traded companies, equity analysts must strike the right balance between releasing objective analysis reports (and recommendations) and maintaining an open dialogue with the company’s management team. That said, a “Sell” rating is rather uncommon in occurrence because the market is aware of the relationship dynamics (and will interpret it as a “Strong Sell”). Otherwise, the analyst’s rating can be framed to not cause a steep decline in the market share price of the underlying company, while still releasing their findings to the public.
  • “Hold” Rating → The third rating, a “Hold”, is fairly straightforward as it indicates that the analyst concluded that the projected performance of the company is in line with either its historical trajectory, industry comparable companies, or the market as a whole. In other words, there is a lack of a catalyst event that could cause a substantial swing — either up or down — in the share price. As a result, the recommendation is to continue to hold and see if any notable developments emerge, but regardless, continuing to hold the stock not too risky and minimal volatility in pricing should be anticipated in theory.

In addition, two other common ratings are “Underperform” and “Outperform”.

  • “Underperform” Rating → The former, an “Underperform”, indicates the stock may lag behind the market, but the near-term slowdown does not necessarily mean that an investor should liquidate their positions, i.e. a moderate sell.
  • “Outperform” Rating → The latter, an “Outperform”, is a recommendation to buy a stock because it appears likely to “beat the market.” However, the anticipated excess return above the market return is proportionally minor; hence, the “Buy” rating was not offered, i.e. a moderate buy.

Use the form below to download a research report from JP Morgan by the analyst covering Hulu.

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Equity Research Report | JP Morgan Hulu (PDF)

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A full equity research report, as opposed to a short one-page “note”, usually includes the following sections:

  • Investment Recommendation  ➝ The equity research analyst’s investment rating
  • Key Takeaways  ➝ A one-page summary of what the analyst thinks is about to happen (ahead of an earnings release) or his/her interpretation of the key takeaways from what has just happened (immediately after the earnings release)
  • Quarterly Update  ➝ Comprehensive detail about the preceding quarter (when a company has just reported earnings)
  • Catalysts  ➝ Details about the company’s near-term (or long-term) catalysts that are developing are discussed here.
  • Financial Exhibits ➝ Snapshots of the analyst’s earnings model and detailed forecasts
  • 100+ Excel Financial Modeling Shortcuts You Need to Know
  • The Ultimate Guide to Financial Modeling Best Practices and Conventions
  • What is Investment Banking?
  • Essential Reading for your Investment Banking Interview

I was looking for a template In word format, it would be very helpful. Nice webpage!

Thanks, but unfortunately we don’t have a Word template as these research reports have additional built-in functionality (charts, legal disclosures, etc).

was looking for an equity research report template

This article provides a report example, not a template. But we encourage you check out our financial statement modeling course!

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VIDEO

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  19. How do I find analyst reports (investment bank research)?

    To find reports by industry or keyword, type RES and hit the green GO key. Morningstar equity research reports and analyst cash flow models can be found in PitchBook. Hoovers contains some analyst reports as well. Type in a company name and select the company you want. Scroll down the screen; if available, analyst reports appear under Advanced ...

  20. Equity Research Report: Samples, Tutorials, and Explanations

    The Full Tutorial, Video, and Sample Equity Research Reports. For our full walk-through of equity research reports, please see the video below: Table of Contents: 1:43: Part 1: Stock Pitches vs. Equity Research Reports. 6:00: Part 2: The 4 Main Differences in Research Reports. 12:46: Part 3: Sample Reports and the Typical Sections.

  21. Equity Research Report

    An equity research report is a document prepared by an Analyst that provides a recommendation on whether investors should buy, hold, or sell shares of a public company. Additionally, it provides an overview of the business, the industry it operates in, the management team, its financial performance , risks, and the target price.

  22. Equity Research Report

    The research reports contain estimates used widely by investment bankers to help drive the assumptions underpinning 3-statement models and other models commonly built on the sell side. On the buy side, equity research is also widely used. Like investment bankers, buy-side analysts find the insights in sell-side equity research reports helpful.

  23. Equity Research & Reports

    RISA INTERNATIONAL LTD. SRI KPR INDUSTRIES LTD. PRO FIN CAPITAL SERVICES LTD. NEELAMALAI AGRO INDUSTRIES LTD. Equity research reports from BSE helps you investigate & identify market trends for better investment decisions. Also the Indian Stock Market Analysis reports are available here on a single click.

  24. Equity Research Report

    An equity research report is a comprehensive document created by equity analysts to present their findings and recommendations on a specific stock, sector, market, or even an investment theme. ... requiring a subscription. When seeking reliable equity research, ensure the analyst is registered. SEBI mandates that research analysts must be ...