presentation on major landforms of the earth

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A landform is a feature on Earth's surface that is part of the terrain. Mountains, hills, plateaus, and plains are the four major types of landforms.

Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography

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A landform is a feature on Earth 's surface that is part of the terrain . Mountains , hills , plateaus , and plains are the four major types of landforms. Minor landforms include buttes , canyons , valleys , and basins . Tectonic plate movement under Earth can create landforms by pushing up mountains and hills. Erosion by water and wind can wear down land and create landforms like valleys and canyons. Both processes happen over a long period of time, sometimes millions of years. It took six million years, in fact, for the Colorado River to carve out the Grand Canyon in the U.S. state of Arizona. The Grand Canyon is 446 kilometers (277 miles) long. The highest landform on Earth is a mountain: Mount Everest in Nepal. It measures 8,850 meters (29,035 feet) above sea level . It is part of the Himalaya range that runs across several countries in Asia. Landforms can exist under water in the form of mountain ranges and basins under the sea. The Mariana Trench , the deepest landform on Earth, is in the South Pacific.

And It's Getting Deeper At the Grand Canyon's deepest point, it is over 1.8 kilometers (one mile) from its top to its floor.

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• Geography /

Major Landforms of the Earth Class 6

• Updated on  
• Oct 31, 2023

Major Landforms of the Earth : India is a culturally and geographically diverse country. From the world’s second-highest peak Kanchanjunga (K2), Siachen Glaciers, the Thar Desert to the rainiest city of Cherrapunji, India has many impeccable geographical wonders to offer. It is also blessed with beautiful landscapes and landforms spread across the country. Curious to explore the major landforms of the earth? This blog will take you on an informational ride to discover the different landforms of our planet. This interesting topic is not only a part of the scholastic syllabus of class 6th but is an essential mention in the syllabus of many competitive exams like UPSC Exams etc. So, let’s walk you through the major landforms of the earth Class 6.

This Blog Includes:

What are landforms, formation of landforms, fold mountains, block mountains, volcanic mountains , plateaus , plains , major landforms of the earth class 6 ppt, major landforms of the earth class 6 pdf, answers , major landforms of the earth class 6 questions and answers.

Landforms are the physical features on the outer layer of the earth, i.e. its surface. The earth’s landforms take their actual shape naturally through various processes such as weathering, sinking, soil erosion, elevation, water etc. The major landforms of the earth are Mountains, Plateau and Plains.

The process of formation of these surfaces didn’t happen overnight and took millions of years to take the shape they have now as these major landforms of the earth are created through different geological processes. Under these natural phenomena, there are a variety of internal and external activities which take place such as Rain, Wind, Volcanic Eruptions etc which contribute to the formation of the landforms. 

Recommended Read: Geography Syllabus

There are two processes that lead to the formation of different landforms, namely:

• External Processes: this process relates to the continuous wearing down and rebuilding of the earth’s surface.
• Internal Process: this process deals with the movement of the earth’s surface and results in a portion of the earth’s surface getting either elevated or sunk. 

Also Read: NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 – Our Country India

• Weathering: it is the process by which rocks are broken down that can create sediments. There are 2 forces due to which weathering can occur i.e., chemical weathering and mechanical weathering. Weathering agents can be water, ice, wind, animals, growing plants etc. 
• Erosion: Erosion is the process by which natural forces acting on a weathered rock and soil move the weathered rock and soil from one place to another. It can be caused due to gravity, running water, glaciers, wind etc. The materials that are being moved due to erosion are called sediments.
• Deposition: Deposition is the process which occurs when agents like wind or water of the erosion lay down the sediments. Hence, it changes the shape of the land. An example of deposition can be the formation of an island or sand dunes. 

Also Read: NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 – Major Domains of the Earth

Major Landforms of the Earth Class 6

Considering the elevation and slopes, the major landforms of the earth can be bifurcated into three categories, namely Mountains, Plateaus and Plains. Mentioned below is the detailed analysis of each of these. 

Also Read: Class 9 Geography Notes

A preferred holiday destination of many, Mountains refers to those landmasses which are steeper and higher than a hill. Generally, mountains are above the height of 2,000 ft. The sloppy landmasses below the given height are often categorized as hills. As we go higher up the mountains, the atmospheric pressure tends to increase making the temperature drop down. That’s why mountains have a colder temperature than other regions. 

Due to lower temperatures, mountains often have snow on them, making it difficult for lives to prosper in such extreme conditions. Some mountains at great heights even have glaciers on them. The beautiful mountains in a line together are called range. Because of harsh weather conditions, these landforms of the Earth are naturally formed and abode to undiscovered flora and fauna. Here are the popular types of mountains: 

Also Read: BA Geography- Syllabus, Universities, Jobs, Books

Whenever the collision of tectonic plates takes place and the edges of these plates ‘fold’, Fold Mountains are created. 

Also Read: NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 4 – Maps

Whenever large areas break and get displaced vertically, it results in the formation of Block Mountains. 

Also Read: Geography Syllabus for 9th, 10th and UPSC Preparation

Volcanic Mountains are formed whenever the Magna rises above the earth’s crust. 

Plateaus can be determined as the flat land which stands high above the surroundings. In other words, Plateaus are simply elevated flatlands. The height of a plateau can vary by 100 meters or may remain the same for a thousand meters. One of the major landforms of the earth, Plateaus are formed due to the lava inside the earth. 

The most common plateau in India is the Deccan Plateau. Lying in the Chotanagpur region, the Deccan Plateau is a famous reserve for a variety of minerals and ores. Apart from this, the famous plateau regions on the earth are the Tibetan Plateau, African Plateau etc. The Africa Plateau is a hotspot of diamond mining whereas the Tibetan Plateau is the highest plateau in the world. 

The long stretches of flat land are called Plains. Plains are regarded as highly fertile regions as they are the ideal geographical location for various human and agricultural activities including farming, poultry, etc. 

Usually, Plains are formed due to rivers and their tributaries. In our country, the Indo-Gangetic Plain is the most densely populated area. 

A glacier is nothing but a huge mass or chunk of ice that moves slowly over land. They are often called ‘rivers of ice’ too. They are found in some of the very high mountains or places where the temperature is really low which allows the river to freeze. Glaciers are of two types:

• Alpine glaciers: these glaciers are formed at the mountainsides and move downward through the valleys. Examples can be Gorner Glacier in Switzerland.
• Ice sheets: on the contrary to the alpine glaciers, the ice sheets are not restricted or limited to the mountain areas. They form huge and broad domes that can spread out from their centres in all directions. The largest ice sheet which covers most of the areas of Antarctica and the islands of Greenland are known as continental glaciers. 

Also Read: CBSE Notes Class 7 Geography

Check out the NCERT Major Landforms of the Earth Class 6 PDF Here !

Major Landforms of the Earth Class 6 MCQs

1. Which among these is the mountain range of South America?

A. The Himalayas 

B. The Alps

C. The Andes           

D. The Rockies

2.  Mt. Kilimanjaro is in which continent?

A.  Asia 

C. South America 

D. North America 

3. Which sport is not popular in the mountains?

A. Paragliding                                          

C. Hang gliding 

D. Football

4. The Hundru falls is in? 

A. Chhotanagpur                                                                                  

B. Calcutta

C. Ranchi                                                      

D. Chhattisgarh

5. The world’s highest plateau is the

A. Deccan plateau

B. Tibet plateau  

C. Chhotanagpur plateau        

D. East African plateau

6. The wearing away of the earth’s surface is called

A. Mountains

D. Deposition

7. In some mountains there are permanently frozen rivers of ice known as

A. River Valley 

B. glaciers 

C. Plateaus

D. None of the above

8. Mountains may be arranged in a line known as?

C. Glaciers 

D. All of these 

9. Tibet is a

B. Mountain Range 

C. Both (a) and (b)

10. Which area is the most useful for human habitation?

A. Plain 

B. Mountain 

D. Glacier 

Also Read: CBSE Notes Class 6 Geography

The major landforms are: Mountains Plateaus Plains

There are 3 different types of Mountains: Fold Mountains Block Mountains Volcanic Mountains

Mountains are beneficial to man in a variety of ways. For example: Mountains retain water. Mountain water is also used for irrigation and hydroelectric power generation. Crop cultivation is appropriate in the river valleys and terraces. Mountains are home to a diverse range of flora and wildlife. In the mountains, paragliding, hang gliding, river rafting, and skiing are all popular activities.

Mountain erosion occurs when rivers run through mountain slopes. The eroded material is carried by the flowing river, and deposit materials such as silt, clay, and stones are gathered in the valleys. Plains are formed as a result of this process.

Because of the plains’ fertility, river plains are densely populated. As a result, building a transportation network is considerably easier.

Also Read: CBSE Geography Class 9 Drainage Notes (Free PDF)

The mountains, plains and plateaus are some of the major landforms of the earth.

The major landforms of India include the Himalayas and the western and the eastern ghats.

India is a peninsular region which means being surrounded by water on the three sides.

We hope that through this blog you are familiarised with the major landforms of the earth. Unsure about which stream to pursue after the 10th? Reach out to our Leverage Edu experts and we will assist you in selecting the right stream which aligns with your preferences and interests. 

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MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH

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• Some Major Landforms of the Earth

L ook out of your window and you will see buildings, trees, telephone poles and people. People have shaped the world we live in today. We have constructed buildings, telephone poles, planted trees etc. But we aren’t the only ones moving things around. In fact,  temperature , wind and rain do this all the time. As a result, creating landforms. Landforms are  shapes out of the Earth. Let us learn more about it.

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Landforms are the physical features on the Earth’s surface. Mountains, Plateaus and Plains are some major landforms of the Earth. Natural processes such as weathering , water , elevation, sinking, and erosion of the soil are constantly shaping the Earth’s surface. It doesn’t really happen overnight. In fact, it takes hundreds and thousands of years for us to notice these changes. These processes lead to the formation of various landforms. In other words, landforms originate from these geological processes. Let’s understand the processes that shape the landforms.

External Process

External process means effects caused by external factors such as rain or wind. These cause erosion and deposition. Erosion and d eposition are  natural processes that change the surface of the Earth . To clarify, e rosion is a process in which  sediments  get deposited or dropped off in a different location. And sediments are nothing but the materials on the Earth’s surface such as soil and rocks.

Internal Process

As the name suggests, internal processes are processes that occur inside the surface of the Earth i.e. beneath the crust. For example, v olcanic eruption and p late tectonics. These occur because of the intense heat in the Earth’s core which causes the molten rock in the mantle layer to move. As a result, creating uneven movement on the surface. These layers are either uplifting or sinking.

Types of Landforms

Depending upon the elevation and slope, landforms can be categorized into Mountains , Plateaus , and Plains . Let us look at them individually.

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Source: Wikia

A Mountain is any landmass that is higher and steeper than a hill.   A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. In general, the mountains are higher than 2000 ft. Like in any other natural elevation such as  atmosphere , as you go higher, the temperature drops and the climate becomes colder. Thus, habitation becomes harsher. And that’s why there is less habitation in the mountainous areas.

Furthermore, because of the temperature drop, it is not uncommon for high mountains to develop ice on them. In fact, some of them have glaciers. Glaciers are permanently frozen rivers of ice. Also, because of the steep slopes of the mountains, there is less land available for proper farming .

Considering the sea base as the scale, if we calculate the height of the surface, then there are mountains even under the ocean. For example, Mauna Kea (Hawaii) in the Pacific Ocean. In fact, it is elevated higher than Mt. Everest .

A range is a line of mountains. The Himalayas in Asia, the Alps in Europe and the Andes in South America are some examples of mountain ranges. These ranges are the storehouses of water. Many rivers have their origins in these mountains. In fact, the glaciers of this landform are the source of these rivers.

Mountains are generally untouched by civilisations and thus have the endangered species of plants and animals. They also inhibit a rich variety of flora and fauna. There are three categories of mountains. Let us know about them.

1. Fold Mountains

Source: Quora

When two tectonic plates collide and the edges of these plates ‘fold’ because of the enormous push force between them it results in the creation of fold mountains . Scientists classify the fold mountains into ‘young fold’ and the ‘old fold’ mountains according to its age.

• The young fold ones  are between 10 and 25 million years old. For example, the Himalayas in Nepal, the Alps in Europe and the Andes in South America.
• The old fold ones  are older than 200 million years. For example, the Aravalli mountains in India (Rajasthan) and the Ural mountain in Russia.

2. Block Mountains

Block mountains occur when large areas are broken and displaced vertically . These large areas of rock, sometimes stretching across hundreds of kilometres, are created by tectonic and localized stresses in the Earth’s crust.

The uplifted blocks are termed as horsts  and the lowered blocks are termed as grabens . They resemble piano keys. The examples of block mountains are the Rhine valley and the Vosges mountain in Europe.

3. Volcanic Mountains

Source: HubPages

Magna rising up from the mantle to the crust of the earth forms Volcanic mountains.  Examples are Kilimanjaro and Mount Fuji.

Plateaus are elevated flatlands.  In other words, it is flat land which is standing high above the surrounding area. Furthermore, they may have one or more sides with steep slopes. Also, depending upon the plateau, their height varies from a few hundred meters to several thousand meters.

The most familiar plateau in India is the Deccan Plateau. They are mainly formed by lava, meaning they are volcanic in origin. The extension of Deccan Plateau is the Chhotanagpur plateau in India. It’s a reserve for minerals such as iron ore, manganese and coal. Other examples include the African plateau and the Tibetian plateau. The African plateau is most famous for gold and diamond mining. And the Tibetan plateau is the highest plateau in the world.

Plateau regions give birth to the waterfall. For example, Hundru falls in the Chhotanagpur plateau and the Jog falls in Karnataka. Moreover, these landforms are also centres for tourism and scenic activities.

Source: NYTimes

Plains are the most fertile regions. They are stretches of largely flat land.  These stretches of land are the most suitable for human habitation and agriculture activities like farming and poultry.

Rivers and their tributaries form plains. The rivers flow down the mountains and erode them. They deposit sediments along their courses and in valleys. These deposits form plains. In India, the Indo-Gangetic plains are the most densely populated regions of the country. As can be seen, where there is water, there is life.

Solved Question for You

Question : How old are the ‘ old fold mountains ‘? Is Himalaya an ‘old fold mountain’?

Answer : Old fold mountains are older than 200 million years old. No, Himalaya is not an old fold mountain.

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Landforms on Earth

Jul 31, 2014

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Landforms on Earth. Brainstorm with a shoulder partner on the definition of a landform?. Landforms. In this lesson, we will specifically study sand dunes, canyons, and river deltas. Canyon. Sand Dunes. River Delta. Erosional / Weathering Agents. What is a erosional agent?

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Presentation Transcript

Landforms on Earth Brainstorm with a shoulder partner on the definition of a landform?

Landforms • In this lesson, we will specifically study sand dunes, canyons, and river deltas

River Delta

Erosional / Weathering Agents • What is a erosional agent? • Any naturally occurring phenomena that moves earth materials • What is a weathering agent? • Anything that causes the breakdown of rock.

Erosional / Weathering Agent: Wind

Erosional / WeatheringAgent: Wind

Erosional / Weathering Agent: Running Water

Erosional / Weathering Agent: Waves

Erosional / Weathering Agent: Ice

Landforms on Earth • Are all Earth’s landforms the same? Why or why not? • What are some of the features that you see when you look at the pictures? • Do you think that these landforms have always been the same? • Do you think that changes in these landforms occurred quickly or did they take a long time to be formed?

Landforms on Earth • How will these landforms look: • two days from now, one year from now? • ten years from now? • one hundred years from now? • one thousand years from now? • one million years from now? • What force caused these landforms to change? • Do you think that water, wind, or ice may have created some of these landforms? Which landform was created by which erosional / weathering agent?

Landform Defined • In your science notebook, write a definition for the word “landform.” • Landform - Any feature on the Earth's surface, caused by erosion, sedimentation, or movement of material by wind, water, or ice

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Landforms. Chapter 6, Section 1. Landforms. 3 basic types. Plains Plateaus Mountains. Plains. Plains. Large flat areas 2 types: Coastal plains Interior plains . Plains. Coastal Plains. Exposed region of the continental shelf.

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Landforms. Tributary. A river or stream flowing into a larger river or lake. Oasis. An area in a desert where there is water and plants. Harbor. A sheltered part of a body of water deep enough to provide anchorage for ships. Plateau.

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Forces that Change the Earth and Landforms Review

Forces that Change the Earth and Landforms Review. 3 rd Grade. Question 1. Volcanoes create new land on the Earth’s surface when – Lava cools and hardens to form rock Magma forms giant underground chambers Saltwater touches lava and forms steam. Answer. Lava cools and hardens to form rock

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Landforms. Crater Lake National Park, Oregon . Archipelago. The Philippines The Philipines ophuan.blogspot.com. Aleutian Islands of Alaska wencycl.kgbudge.com. Atoll. Satellite image of an atoll. Bay . Chesapeake Bay satellite photo science.kennesaw.edu. Bay of Fundy

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Landforms natural formations found on earth

Landforms natural formations found on earth. Mountain Desert Valley Plain Plateau coast. Mountain:. A mountain is a very tall, high, natural place on Earth - higher than a hill. . Desert:. A desert is a very dry area that does not receive a lot of rain. . Valley:.

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Landforms. Mr. Perez. What is a landform?. A landform is a natural feature of the landscape or natural physical features of the Earth’s surface. Examples include: Valleys Plateaus Mountains Plains Hills Beaches Canyons Deserts Rivers Straits Archipelago Peninsulas Swamps.

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Landforms. By: Andrew 8.2. Canyon. An example of a canyon: The Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. A canyon is a giant crack in the earth formed by usually an erosion, earthquake or a river. Mountain. Mt. Everest (pictured on the right) is the biggest and tallest mountain in the world.

277 views • 10 slides

Landforms. Archipelago, Channel, Delta, Desert, Island, Isthmus, and Peninsula. Archipelago. Chain or group of islands clustered together in a large body of water. CHANNEL. A body of water connecting two larger bodies of water. Delta.

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Earth Movement and Resultant Landforms

Earth Movement and Resultant Landforms. Structure of the Earth Lithosphere : earth’s crust Asthenosphere : upper mantle zone where material is near its melting point & acts almost like liquid (appprox. 600 km thick). Earth Movement and Resultant Landforms. Recall:

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MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH

MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH. Done by : ANNATH ROSHNI TGT (SST). Index Information of the land form features Fold Mountains Block Mountains Volcanic Mountains Plateaus Plain. INFORMATION OF LAND FORM FEATURES. You must have seen some of the land form features as shown in the figure.

26.43k views • 23 slides

Landforms. Mitchell 2B. H ills. Land that is higher than land around it but not as high as a mountain. Mountains. The highest form of land. Valleys. Low land between mountains and hills. Plains. A flat area of land. Island. Land that has water on all sides but one. Peninsula.

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Landforms on the Planet

Landforms on the Planet. Ocean* -- a great expanse of salt water. The oceans occupy 71% of the surface of the planet and there is a great diversity of animal life that can be found in the oceans and nowhere else.

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Landforms!. Third Grade. Volcano. opening in the earth through which lava, rock, ashes, and gases are forced out. . Glacier. A glacier is a slowly moving river of ice. Plain. Mostly flat lands. Coastal Plain. an area of flat land along a sea or ocean. . Plateau.

436 views • 23 slides

Landforms. Made by: Miss Ratka 2007. Question #1. Question #2. Question #3. Question #4. Question #5. Question #6. Question #7. Question #8. Question #9. Question #10. Question #11. Question #12. Sorry . . . wrong answer Try Again. Great job! You are doing great!.

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Landforms. Coastline. White-chalk cliffs studded with beech trees form the dramatic coastline of Rugen Island, Germany. Crashing waves from the Baltic Sea sculpted the 400-foot (120-meter) precipices of the island's eastern shore. Limestone Cliffs on Coastline. Coastline. Coastline.

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5 th Grade Earth Science Landforms

5 th Grade Earth Science Landforms. S5E1. Students will identify surface features of the Earth caused by constructive and destructive processes. Identify surface features caused by constructive processes . Follow the links to learn about each type of constructive process…. Deposition.

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Landforms. Investigation 1: Schoolyard Models Investigation 2: Stream Tables Investigation 3: Go with the Flow Investigation 4: Build a Mountain Investigation 5: Bird’s Eye View. Investigation 1: Schoolyard Models. Model- a representation of an object or process

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Landforms on Earth. Landforms are Earth's physical features. The following are examples of Landforms: Volcanoes, Mountains, Valleys, Canyons, Caves, and Islands. What are Landforms?. These landforms can be found on Earth's outer layer called the crust. Where Can We Find these Landforms?.

560 views • 30 slides

LANDFORMS. Landform Dictionary Activity. As you view this PowerPoint you are to complete your landforms dictionary. Archipelago. A group or chain of many islands Examples: Islands around Japan Hawaiian Islands. Bay. A bay is part of a body of salt water And reaches into the land .

401 views • 32 slides

Landforms. What are landforms?. are natural physical features of the earth’s surface. 2 Types of forces act on the earth to create landforms: Erosional Elements Tectonics. Valley. A valley is a lowland area between higher lands such as mountains.

222 views • 13 slides

• CBSE Notes For Class 6
• Class 6 Social Science Notes
• Class 6 Geography Notes
• Chapter 6 Major Landforms of The Earth

CBSE Class 6 Geography Notes Chapter 6 - Major Landforms of the Earth

According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been removed from NCERT Class 6 Social Science textbook.

A landform is a natural feature of the solid surface of the Earth. Examples include Mountains, Plateaus, and Plains. Mountains are classified into different types based on their mode of transformation: Fold Mountains, Block Mountains and Volcanic Mountains. A plateau is an elevated area with more or less levelled land on its top. A plain is a low-lying, relatively flat land surface with a very gentle slope and minimum local relief. The CBSE Class 6 Geography notes of Chapter 6 – Major Landforms of the Earth is a part of the Class 6 Social Science subject, which helps in quick revision.

• Chapter 1 The Earth In The Solar System
• Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes And Longitudes
• Chapter 3 Motions Of The Earth
• Chapter 4 Maps
• Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth
• Chapter 7 Our Country India
• Chapter 8 India Climate Vegetation And Wildlife

CBSE Notes Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 – Major Landforms of the Earth

The earth has an infinite variety of landforms. These landforms are a result of two processes. Within the earth, a continuous movement is taking place. The first or the internal process leads to the upliftment and sinking of the earth’s surface at several places. The second, or the external process, is the continuous wearing down and rebuilding of the land surface. The wearing away of the earth’s surface is called erosion. The surface is lowered by the process of erosion and rebuilt by the process of deposition. These two processes are carried out by running water, ice and wind.

A mountain is any natural elevation of the earth’s surface. It may have a small summit and a broad base. It is considerably higher than the surrounding area. Some mountains are even higher than the clouds. The climate becomes colder when we go higher. In some mountains, there are permanently frozen rivers of ice. They are called glaciers. There are some mountains deep under the sea. Owing to the harsh climate, fewer people live in the mountain areas. Since the slopes are steep, less land is available for farming.

Mountains may be arranged in a line known as a range. The Himalayas, the Alps and the Andes are mountain ranges of Asia, Europe and South America, respectively. Mountains vary in height and shape.

There are three types of mountains- Fold Mountains, Block Mountains and Volcanic Mountains. The Himalayan Mountains and the Alps are young fold mountains with rugged relief and high conical peaks. The Aravali range in India is one of the oldest fold mountain systems in the world. The Appalachians in North America and the Ural mountains in Russia have rounded features and low elevation. They are very old fold mountains.

Block Mountains are created when large areas are broken and displaced vertically. The uplifted blocks are termed as horses, and the lowered blocks are called graben. The Rhine Valley and the Vosges Mountain in Europe are examples of such mountain systems.

Volcanic mountains are formed due to volcanic activity. Mt.Kilimanjaro in Africa and Mt.Fujiyama in Japan are examples of such mountains. Mountains are very useful. They are a storehouse of water. Many rivers have their source in the glaciers in the mountains. Reservoirs are made, and the water is harnessed for the use of people.

Water from the mountains is also used for irrigation and the generation of hydroelectricity. The river valleys and terraces are ideal for the cultivation of crops. Mountains have a wide variety of flora and fauna. The forests provide fuel, fodder, shelter and other products like gum, raisins, etc.

A plateau is an elevated flat land. It is a flat-topped tableland standing above the surrounding area. A plateau may have one or more sides with steep slopes. The height of plateaus often varies from a few hundred metres to several thousand metres. Plateaus, like mountains, may be young or old. The Deccan Plateau in India is one of the oldest plateaus. The East African Plateau in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda and the Western Plateau of Australia are other examples. The Tibet plateau (Figure 5.1, p.31) is the highest plateau in the world, with a height of 4,000 to 6,000 metres above the mean sea level.

Plateaus are very useful because they are rich in mineral deposits. As a result, many of the mining areas in the world are located in the plateau areas. The African plateau is famous for gold and diamond mining. In India, huge reserves of iron, coal and manganese are found in the Chhotanagpur plateau. In the plateau areas, there may be several waterfalls as the river falls from a great height. In India, the Hundru Falls in the Chhotanagpur plateau on the river Subarnarekha and the Jog Falls in Karnataka are examples of such waterfalls. The lava plateaus are rich in black soil that are fertile and good for cultivation. Many plateaus have scenic spots and are of great attraction to tourists.

Plains are large stretches of flat land, not more than 200 metres above mean sea level. Some plains are extremely level, and others may be slightly rolling and undulating. Most of the plains are formed by rivers and their tributaries. The rivers flow down the slopes of mountains and erode them. They carry forward the eroded material. Then they deposit their load consisting of stones, sand and silt along their courses and in their valleys. It is from these deposits that plains are formed.

Plains are very fertile, which makes it easier for construction of transport purposes. These plains are very thickly-populated regions of the world. Some of the largest plains made by the rivers are found in Asia and North America. For example, in Asia, these plains are formed by the Ganga and the Brahmaputra in India and the Yangtze in China.

Plains are the most useful areas for human habitation. There is a great concentration of people as more flat land is available for building houses, as well as for cultivation. Because of fertile soils, the land is highly productive for cultivation. In India, too, the Indo-Gangetic plains are the most densely populated region of the country.

Landforms and the People

Humans have been living on different kinds of landforms in different ways. Life is difficult in mountainous areas. Plains provide much better conditions. It is easier to grow crops and build a house or a road on a plain than on a mountain. Natural calamities such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storms and floods cause widespread destruction. Quite often, we use the land for wasteful purposes, for example constructing houses on fertile land. Similarly, we throw garbage on land or in water, making them dirty.

To know about Types of Agriculture, watch the video below

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Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 6 Geography Notes Chapter 6 Major Landforms of the Earth

What are the major landforms of india.

India’s landforms can be classified into five separate types, respectively these are the Northern mountáin region, the Great Plains of the north, the desert of Rajasthan, the Greát Plateau and the Coastal Strips and Islands.

How are mountains formed?

The world’s tallest mountain ranges form when pieces of Earth’s crust, called plates-smash against each other in a process called plate tectonics.

What are the uses of plains?

Plains in many areas are important for agriculture because where the soils are deposited as sediments, they may be deep and fertile, and the flatness facilitates the mechanization of crop production.

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