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Transition Words & Phrases | List & Examples

Published on May 29, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on August 23, 2023.

Transition words and phrases (also called linking words, connecting words, or transitional words) are used to link together different ideas in your text. They help the reader to follow your arguments by expressing the relationships between different sentences or parts of a sentence.

The proposed solution to the problem did not work. Therefore , we attempted a second solution. However , this solution was also unsuccessful.

For clear writing, it’s essential to understand the meaning of transition words and use them correctly.

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Table of contents

When and how to use transition words, types and examples of transition words, common mistakes with transition words, other interesting articles.

Transition words commonly appear at the start of a new sentence or clause (followed by a comma ), serving to express how this clause relates to the previous one.

Transition words can also appear in the middle of a clause. It’s important to place them correctly to convey the meaning you intend.

Example text with and without transition words

The text below describes all the events it needs to, but it does not use any transition words to connect them. Because of this, it’s not clear exactly how these different events are related or what point the author is making by telling us about them.

If we add some transition words at appropriate moments, the text reads more smoothly and the relationship among the events described becomes clearer.

Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Consequently , France and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany. The Soviet Union initially worked with Germany in order to partition Poland. However , Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941.

Don’t overuse transition words

While transition words are essential to clear writing, it’s possible to use too many of them. Consider the following example, in which the overuse of linking words slows down the text and makes it feel repetitive.

In this case the best way to fix the problem is to simplify the text so that fewer linking words are needed.

The key to using transition words effectively is striking the right balance. It is difficult to follow the logic of a text with no transition words, but a text where every sentence begins with a transition word can feel over-explained.

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There are four main types of transition word: additive, adversative, causal, and sequential. Within each category, words are divided into several more specific functions.

Remember that transition words with similar meanings are not necessarily interchangeable. It’s important to understand the meaning of all the transition words you use. If unsure, consult a dictionary to find the precise definition.

Additive transition words

Additive transition words introduce new information or examples. They can be used to expand upon, compare with, or clarify the preceding text.

Adversative transition words

Adversative transition words always signal a contrast of some kind. They can be used to introduce information that disagrees or contrasts with the preceding text.

Causal transition words

Causal transition words are used to describe cause and effect. They can be used to express purpose, consequence, and condition.

Sequential transition words

Sequential transition words indicate a sequence, whether it’s the order in which events occurred chronologically or the order you’re presenting them in your text. They can be used for signposting in academic texts.

Transition words are often used incorrectly. Make sure you understand the proper usage of transition words and phrases, and remember that words with similar meanings don’t necessarily work the same way grammatically.

Misused transition words can make your writing unclear or illogical. Your audience will be easily lost if you misrepresent the connections between your sentences and ideas.

Confused use of therefore

“Therefore” and similar cause-and-effect words are used to state that something is the result of, or follows logically from, the previous. Make sure not to use these words in a way that implies illogical connections.

• We asked participants to rate their satisfaction with their work from 1 to 10. Therefore , the average satisfaction among participants was 7.5.

The use of “therefore” in this example is illogical: it suggests that the result of 7.5 follows logically from the question being asked, when in fact many other results were possible. To fix this, we simply remove the word “therefore.”

• We asked participants to rate their satisfaction with their work from 1 to 10. The average satisfaction among participants was 7.5.

Starting a sentence with also , and , or so

While the words “also,” “and,” and “so” are used in academic writing, they are considered too informal when used at the start of a sentence.

• Also , a second round of testing was carried out.

To fix this issue, we can either move the transition word to a different point in the sentence or use a more formal alternative.

• A second round of testing was also carried out.
• Additionally , a second round of testing was carried out.

Transition words creating sentence fragments

Words like “although” and “because” are called subordinating conjunctions . This means that they introduce clauses which cannot stand on their own. A clause introduced by one of these words should always follow or be followed by another clause in the same sentence.

The second sentence in this example is a fragment, because it consists only of the “although” clause.

• Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed. Although other researchers disagree.

We can fix this in two different ways. One option is to combine the two sentences into one using a comma. The other option is to use a different transition word that does not create this problem, like “however.”

• Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed, although other researchers disagree.
• Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed. However , other researchers disagree.

And vs. as well as

Students often use the phrase “ as well as ” in place of “and,” but its usage is slightly different. Using “and” suggests that the things you’re listing are of equal importance, while “as well as” introduces additional information that is less important.

• Chapter 1 discusses some background information on Woolf, as well as presenting my analysis of To the Lighthouse .

In this example, the analysis is more important than the background information. To fix this mistake, we can use “and,” or we can change the order of the sentence so that the most important information comes first. Note that we add a comma before “as well as” but not before “and.”

• Chapter 1 discusses some background information on Woolf and presents my analysis of To the Lighthouse .
• Chapter 1 presents my analysis of To the Lighthouse , as well as discussing some background information on Woolf.

Note that in fixed phrases like “both x and y ,” you must use “and,” not “as well as.”

• Both my results as well as my interpretations are presented below.
• Both my results and my interpretations are presented below.

Use of and/or

The combination of transition words “and/or” should generally be avoided in academic writing. It makes your text look messy and is usually unnecessary to your meaning.

First consider whether you really do mean “and/or” and not just “and” or “or.” If you are certain that you need both, it’s best to separate them to make your meaning as clear as possible.

• Participants were asked whether they used the bus and/or the train.
• Participants were asked whether they used the bus, the train, or both.

Archaic transition words

Words like “hereby,” “therewith,” and most others formed by the combination of “here,” “there,” or “where” with a preposition are typically avoided in modern academic writing. Using them makes your writing feel old-fashioned and strained and can sometimes obscure your meaning.

• Poverty is best understood as a disease. Hereby , we not only see that it is hereditary, but acknowledge its devastating effects on a person’s health.

These words should usually be replaced with a more explicit phrasing expressing how the current statement relates to the preceding one.

• Poverty is best understood as a disease. Understanding it as such , we not only see that it is hereditary, but also acknowledge its devastating effects on a person’s health.

Using a paraphrasing tool for clear writing

With the use of certain tools, you can make your writing clear. One of these tools is a paraphrasing tool . One thing the tool does is help your sentences make more sense. It has different modes where it checks how your text can be improved. For example, automatically adding transition words where needed.

If you want to know more about AI for academic writing, AI tools, or writing rules make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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Transitions

What this handout is about.

In this crazy, mixed-up world of ours, transitions glue our ideas and our essays together. This handout will introduce you to some useful transitional expressions and help you employ them effectively.

The function and importance of transitions

In both academic writing and professional writing, your goal is to convey information clearly and concisely, if not to convert the reader to your way of thinking. Transitions help you to achieve these goals by establishing logical connections between sentences, paragraphs, and sections of your papers. In other words, transitions tell readers what to do with the information you present to them. Whether single words, quick phrases, or full sentences, they function as signs that tell readers how to think about, organize, and react to old and new ideas as they read through what you have written.

Transitions signal relationships between ideas—relationships such as: “Another example coming up—stay alert!” or “Here’s an exception to my previous statement” or “Although this idea appears to be true, here’s the real story.” Basically, transitions provide the reader with directions for how to piece together your ideas into a logically coherent argument. Transitions are not just verbal decorations that embellish your paper by making it sound or read better. They are words with particular meanings that tell the reader to think and react in a particular way to your ideas. In providing the reader with these important cues, transitions help readers understand the logic of how your ideas fit together.

Signs that you might need to work on your transitions

How can you tell whether you need to work on your transitions? Here are some possible clues:

• Your instructor has written comments like “choppy,” “jumpy,” “abrupt,” “flow,” “need signposts,” or “how is this related?” on your papers.
• Your readers (instructors, friends, or classmates) tell you that they had trouble following your organization or train of thought.
• You tend to write the way you think—and your brain often jumps from one idea to another pretty quickly.
• You wrote your paper in several discrete “chunks” and then pasted them together.
• You are working on a group paper; the draft you are working on was created by pasting pieces of several people’s writing together.

Organization

Since the clarity and effectiveness of your transitions will depend greatly on how well you have organized your paper, you may want to evaluate your paper’s organization before you work on transitions. In the margins of your draft, summarize in a word or short phrase what each paragraph is about or how it fits into your analysis as a whole. This exercise should help you to see the order of and connection between your ideas more clearly.

If after doing this exercise you find that you still have difficulty linking your ideas together in a coherent fashion, your problem may not be with transitions but with organization. For help in this area (and a more thorough explanation of the “reverse outlining” technique described in the previous paragraph), please see the Writing Center’s handout on organization .

How transitions work

The organization of your written work includes two elements: (1) the order in which you have chosen to present the different parts of your discussion or argument, and (2) the relationships you construct between these parts. Transitions cannot substitute for good organization, but they can make your organization clearer and easier to follow. Take a look at the following example:

El Pais , a Latin American country, has a new democratic government after having been a dictatorship for many years. Assume that you want to argue that El Pais is not as democratic as the conventional view would have us believe.

One way to effectively organize your argument would be to present the conventional view and then to provide the reader with your critical response to this view. So, in Paragraph A you would enumerate all the reasons that someone might consider El Pais highly democratic, while in Paragraph B you would refute these points. The transition that would establish the logical connection between these two key elements of your argument would indicate to the reader that the information in paragraph B contradicts the information in paragraph A. As a result, you might organize your argument, including the transition that links paragraph A with paragraph B, in the following manner:

Paragraph A: points that support the view that El Pais’s new government is very democratic.

Transition: Despite the previous arguments, there are many reasons to think that El Pais’s new government is not as democratic as typically believed.

Paragraph B: points that contradict the view that El Pais’s new government is very democratic.

In this case, the transition words “Despite the previous arguments,” suggest that the reader should not believe paragraph A and instead should consider the writer’s reasons for viewing El Pais’s democracy as suspect.

As the example suggests, transitions can help reinforce the underlying logic of your paper’s organization by providing the reader with essential information regarding the relationship between your ideas. In this way, transitions act as the glue that binds the components of your argument or discussion into a unified, coherent, and persuasive whole.

Types of transitions

Now that you have a general idea of how to go about developing effective transitions in your writing, let us briefly discuss the types of transitions your writing will use.

The types of transitions available to you are as diverse as the circumstances in which you need to use them. A transition can be a single word, a phrase, a sentence, or an entire paragraph. In each case, it functions the same way: First, the transition either directly summarizes the content of a preceding sentence, paragraph, or section or implies such a summary (by reminding the reader of what has come before). Then, it helps the reader anticipate or comprehend the new information that you wish to present.

• Transitions between sections: Particularly in longer works, it may be necessary to include transitional paragraphs that summarize for the reader the information just covered and specify the relevance of this information to the discussion in the following section.
• Transitions between paragraphs: If you have done a good job of arranging paragraphs so that the content of one leads logically to the next, the transition will highlight a relationship that already exists by summarizing the previous paragraph and suggesting something of the content of the paragraph that follows. A transition between paragraphs can be a word or two (however, for example, similarly), a phrase, or a sentence. Transitions can be at the end of the first paragraph, at the beginning of the second paragraph, or in both places.
• Transitions within paragraphs: As with transitions between sections and paragraphs, transitions within paragraphs act as cues by helping readers to anticipate what is coming before they read it. Within paragraphs, transitions tend to be single words or short phrases.

Transitional expressions

Effectively constructing each transition often depends upon your ability to identify words or phrases that will indicate for the reader the kind of logical relationships you want to convey. The table below should make it easier for you to find these words or phrases. Whenever you have trouble finding a word, phrase, or sentence to serve as an effective transition, refer to the information in the table for assistance. Look in the left column of the table for the kind of logical relationship you are trying to express. Then look in the right column of the table for examples of words or phrases that express this logical relationship.

Keep in mind that each of these words or phrases may have a slightly different meaning. Consult a dictionary or writer’s handbook if you are unsure of the exact meaning of a word or phrase.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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How to Introduce New Topics and Transition Effectively in Essays

Last Updated: July 2, 2024 Fact Checked

New Paragraphs

New sections, expert q&a.

This article was co-authored by Jake Adams . Jake Adams is an academic tutor and the owner of Simplifi EDU, a Santa Monica, California based online tutoring business offering learning resources and online tutors for academic subjects K-College, SAT & ACT prep, and college admissions applications. With over 14 years of professional tutoring experience, Jake is dedicated to providing his clients the very best online tutoring experience and access to a network of excellent undergraduate and graduate-level tutors from top colleges all over the nation. Jake holds a BS in International Business and Marketing from Pepperdine University. There are 8 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 91,518 times.

Most essays have multiple topics, and switching between them can get tricky. Without strong transitions and introductions to new points, your writing could seem choppy or unfocused. Luckily, making good topic introductions is easy! It just takes some planning, practice, and patience. Once you know the formula, you’ll be introducing new topics like a pro.

Effective Ways to Introduce New Essay Topics

• Introduce the topic with a transition word, like “Similarly” or “Likewise.”
• Use a contrasting transition word for clashing topics, like “However” or “Yet.”
• Give an overview of the topic you’re discussing after the introductory sentence.

• A strong outline includes your overall topic idea, planned thesis statement, essay structure, and the topics and themes you'll be covering in each section.
• Note on your outline when you're going to be introducing new topics. This helps you plan ahead and anticipate where you'll need transitions.

• If you've already started your paper, it never hurts to go back and write an outline anyway. This way, you can keep all your thoughts organized and give your essay more direction.

• For example, you may be writing a large paper about the Civil War, and the current section is about arguments over slavery. You can have one part on Southern arguments defending slavery, then transition to Northern arguments against slavery, since both topics are in the same section.
• Usually for a shorter paper, up to about 5-7 pages, you won’t need individual section headings. It’s fine to just transition from paragraph to paragraph in these cases.

• For example, if your paper is about the Civil War and you’re transitioning from arguments over slavery to the outbreak of the war, then it’s worthwhile to make a whole new section. These topics are related, but distinct and important enough to get their own sections.
• In another example, you might be writing a compare and contrast essay. It’s helpful to start a new section labeled “Differences” when you move from comparing to contrasting.
• Individual section headings are common in longer papers, around 15-20 pages or more. For long papers like this, it helps your reader stay focused.

• Similarly, in the same way, likewise, also, as well, and so too.
• For example, start a paragraph about slavery and the Civil War with, “In the same way that northern abolitionists were singularly focused on eliminating slavery, the Republican Party was concerned with stopping it from spreading into America's territories.”

• In contrast, however, nevertheless, yet, and still.
• For the Civil War example, arguments defending and criticizing slavery are completely different. To reflect that, you’d use a transition indicating disagreement. You could say “In sharp contrast to southern slave owners, northern abolitionists argued that enslaving a human being was evil in all circumstances.”

• If you’re showing contrast, you could say, “Yet King Arthur was destined to fail in his quest to find the Holy Grail.” This shows that the previous topic may have been about Arthur starting his quest, but now you’ll explain how he failed to accomplish it.
• You could also show similarity by saying “Similarly, Abraham Lincoln agreed that slavery was a moral evil.” This indicates that the new topic you’re introducing is related to and supports the previous one.

• You could also follow up on the King Arthur example with “In Arthurian stories, Arthur made numerous journeys to find the Grail, but never actually succeeded.” This tells the reader that the rest of the paragraph will include information on these failures.
• Using the Abraham Lincoln example, you could follow up your topic sentence with “Throughout his entire life, Lincoln saw the evils of slavery and spoke about stopping the practice.” This indicates that the paragraph will elaborate on this point and provide more details.

• For the King Arthur example, you can spend 2-4 sentences explaining Arthur's unsuccessful quests for the Grail. This supports your transition statement saying that Arthur failed to find the Grail.
• Make sure the details you fill in line up with your topic sentence. If your topic sentence said that Abraham Lincoln was anti-slavery, it wouldn’t be consistent to introduce examples of him supporting or praising slavery.

• A conclusion for your King Arthur paragraph could be “Hard as Arthur tried, he never found the Holy Grail.”
• Don’t introduce any new topics in the conclusion sentence. Save that for the topic sentence of the next paragraph if you want to add another topic.
• If you have a similar paragraph after this one, you can link them by giving a hint of where it's going. For example, you could conclude by saying "Abraham Lincoln's lifelong opposition to slavery naturally set him up for a career fighting the institution." Then make the next paragraph about Lincoln's political career. [12] X Research source

• You can use transitional language without a ton of detail. For example, “While Odysseus was glad to be home, there was trouble brewing in his kingdom.” This provides a strong transition, hints at the next topic, and gets the reader interested in continuing.

• For the Odysseus example, your previous section may have been about the events of The Odyssey . You could sum up the previous topic by saying “He had spent 20 years away from home—10 fighting the Trojan War and 10 on his journey back to Ithaca—and conquered every challenge that came his way.”
• Don’t spend too much time on this summary. Wrap it up within 2 sentences at most.

• You could give a quick introduction of how the suitors in the Odyssey had moved in to Odysseus’ home and would attack him when he arrived. This sets up the challenge and tension for this new topic, and sets the theme for this section of your essay.

• For the Odysseus example, a strong conclusion would be “Perhaps this was to be Odysseus’ greatest challenge yet.”
• In a more research-based paper, you can be less literary. For example, “In the end, the Constitutional Convention was a success, but only after the Framers overcame numerous challenges in the process.”

• It’s easier to plan your transitions if you outline your essay first. This way, you’ll know where you need to introduce new topics. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• If your professor or teacher mentions that your writing seems choppy, then you probably need to work on introducing new topics a bit more smoothly. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• If you still have trouble making strong transitions, take advantage of your school’s writing center if you have one. The tutors there can be a huge help. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/transitions/
• ↑ Jake Adams. Academic Tutor & Test Prep Specialist. Expert Interview. 24 July 2020.
• ↑ https://www.strose.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Transition-Sentences-Handout-2012B.pdf
• ↑ https://monroecollege.libguides.com/c.php?g=589208&p=4072926
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/transitions_and_transitional_devices/index.html
• ↑ https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/ssid/301/study-skills/writing/academic-writing/paragraph-flow-connectivity
• ↑ https://www.delmar.edu/offices/swc/_resources/Composition/topic-sentence-transition-formula.pdf
• ↑ https://writingcenter.fas.harvard.edu/pages/ending-essay-conclusions

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Good transitions can connect paragraphs and turn disconnected writing into a unified whole. Instead of treating paragraphs as separate ideas, transitions can help readers understand how paragraphs work together, reference one another, and build to a larger point. The key to producing good transitions is highlighting connections between corresponding paragraphs. By referencing in one paragraph the relevant material from previous paragraphs, writers can develop important points for their readers.

It is a good idea to continue one paragraph where another leaves off. (Instances where this is especially challenging may suggest that the paragraphs don't belong together at all.) Picking up key phrases from the previous paragraph and highlighting them in the next can create an obvious progression for readers. Many times, it only takes a few words to draw these connections. Instead of writing transitions that could connect any paragraph to any other paragraph, write a transition that could only connect one specific paragraph to another specific paragraph.

Connecting Ideas Through Transitions

Writing that Establishes Relationships and Connections between Ideas

Introduction Common Kinds of Relationships Writers Establish between Ideas Cohesion Coherence Transition Words and Phrases

Introduction

According to poet and science writer Diane Ackerman, “one of the brain’s deepest needs [is] to fill the world with pathways and our lives with a design.” We naturally look for how things are related. In writing, this means that readers tend to assume that two side-by-side sentences or adjacent paragraphs relate to each other. If the pathways and design of your writing aren’t clear to readers, readers will either get confused or frustrated or try to mistakenly intuit their own connections. Both responses can be disastrous.

Good writing provides clear passages through all of your ideas so that readers don’t get lost or start to blaze their own conceptual trail. These connections between ideas occur at the sentence, paragraph, section, and (for longer works) even chapter level. As a writer, it is your responsibility to make sure that your readers follow this progression, that they understand how you arrive at your various ideas and how those ideas relate to each other. In this page, we explore how to make your connections between ideas understandable by using common relationship categories to compose sentences that are cohesive, paragraphs that are coherent, and transitions that clearly order and introduce ideas.

Common Kinds of Relationships Writers Establish between Ideas

Writers are always working to establish clear relationships between and within all of their ideas. Consider how Derek Thompson moves naturally between one concept to another in this short passage from his The Atlantic feature about the future of jobs entitled “A World Without Work”:

[1] One common objection to the idea that technology will permanently displace huge numbers of workers is that new gadgets, like self-checkout kiosks at drugstores, have failed to fully displace their human counterparts, like cashiers. [2] But employers typically take years to embrace new machines at the expense of workers. [3] The robotics revolution began in factories in the 1960s and ’70s, but manufacturing employment kept rising until 1980, and then collapsed during the subsequent recessions.

In the first sentence, Thompson begins with an idea that is familiar to readers at three different levels. The argument that machines haven’t replaced all retail employees and therefore won’t do so in the future is common to anyone who has thought much about workplace technology. This idea is also specifically familiar to the individuals who have been reading Thompson’s article. Finally, Thompson makes this idea even more familiar by connecting it to an example that his readers are familiar with: the effects of self-checkout kiosks. In his second sentence, Thompson uses the transition word “but” to establish a contrastive relationship; what he is about to say in some way opposes what he just said. He concludes this passage with a sentence providing chronologically organized evidence for the idea he raised through that contrast. In this example, he very quickly leads us from the 1960s to the late 20 th century and is able to cover a lot of ground clearly because he starts with happened earlier and concludes with what has happened more recently.

In just these three sentences, we can see Thompson establishing different kinds of relationships between concepts. He is:

• guiding us from familiar ideas into unfamiliar ones,
• comparing two unlike things,
• providing examples for his claims, and
• presenting information chronologically.

Familiarity, contrast, example, and chronology are four common ways that topics can be related, but there are several others. The following lists identifies key relationships that we tend to find naturally in the world around us when we ask questions like, “Why did that happen?” and, “How do these two things fit together?” If you can obviously situate any your ideas within these well-known structures, then readers will be able to more quickly understand the connections you are establishing between your ideas. In the list that follows we identify these common relationship categories, explain them, and provide examples of sentences that establish these kinds of relationships. (All off these sample sentences are about research in Lake Mendota—the body of water just north of the UW-Madison campus.)

Familiarity– Connecting what readers know to what they don’t known.

Learning often involves drawing from existing knowledge in order develop new knowledge. As a result, this is one of the most important relationships you can establish in your writing. Start with what your readers know (either because you can assume a common knowledge or because you’ve already told them about this earlier in your paper or even in the preceding sentence) in order to then take them to something they don’t know.

Example: When you dive into a lake for a quick swim, you’re actually entering a diverse limnology laboratory—the research field for the ecologists who study inland waters.

Causation– Connecting the instigator(s) to the consequence(s)

We are very familiar with thinking about ideas and processes in relationship to cause and effect. You can use the prevalence of this relationship to your advantage by relating your ideas to causation.

Example: In the mid-19 th century, the white sand beaches that used to line Lake Mendota were engulfed by the additional four feet of water that the Tenney Locks brought into the lake (Van Eyck).

Chronology– Connecting what issues in regard to when they occur.

This is particularly useful if you are describing a sequence of events or the steps of a process.

Example: In 1882, E.A. Birge was gathering data about the prevalence of blue-green algae in Lake Mendota (Van Eyck). By 1897, he was publishing about plankton (Birge). Even when he became president of UW-Madison several years later, his interest in freshwater lakes never waned (“Past presidents and chancellors”).

Combinations

Lists–connecting numerous elements..

You can think of this as a “this + this + this” model. You are saying that a collection of concepts or elements contribute equally or simultaneously to something. Within lists, it’s still important that you are being strategic about which elements you are identifying, describing, or analyzing first, second, and third.

Example: Across its studied history, Lake Mendota has been negatively affected by blue-green algae, Eurasian milfoil, spiny water fleas, and zebra mussels, among others (Van Enyck).

Part/Whole— Connecting numerous elements that make up something bigger.

This is a “this + this + this = that” model. You are showing how discrete elements form something else through their connections.

Example: Across generations, the damage Lake Mendota has sustained as a result of the unnaturally prolific prevalence of blue-green algae, Eurasian milfoil, spiny water fleas, and zebra mussels has irreparably altered these waters.

Contrast– Connecting two things by focusing on their differences.

This establishes a relationship of dis-similarity. It helps readers understand what something is by comparing it with something that it is not.

Example: But whereas boosting the population of walleye and northern perch in Lake Mendota effectively reduced the prevalence of Eurasian milfoil, scientists haven’t been able to develop a plan to respond to the damaging spiny water fleas (Van Eyck).

Example– Connecting a general idea to a particular instance of this idea.

Arguments are made more understandable and persuasive when you develop your overall claims in relationship to specific evidence that verifies or exemplifies those claims. Which examples will be the most persuasive (e.g., statistical data, historical precedent, anecdotes, etc.) will depend on the knowledge, interests, disposition, and expectations of your reader.

Example: “These new challenges demand new solutions, some behavioral (such as cleaning boats from lake to lake) and some research-driven (for example, identifying a natural predator for the invasive species)” (Van Eyck).

Importance– Connecting what is critical to what is more inconsequential.

This can also be thought of as connecting what is big to what is small. You may also choose to reverse these relationships by starting with what matters least or what is smallest and building to what is the most important or what is the most prominent. Just make sure that you are helping your reader understand which end of the spectrum you are starting with.

Example: Boaters were inconvenienced by the Eurasian milfoil clogging their propellers, but the plants’ real harm was dealt to the lake’s native flora and, consequently, its fish (Van Eyck).

Location– Connecting elements according to where they are placed in relationship to each other.

Even if you aren’t writing about geographical entities, you can still clarify how various ideas are positioned in relationship to each other.

Example: Whether or not the lake is pretty is peripheral to the issue of whether or not its natural ecosystems are in balance.

Similarity– Connecting two things by suggesting that they are in some way alike.

This highlights commonalities to show readers how elements or ideas are serving the same function.

Example: Just as invasive water flora (i.e., Eurasian milfoil) disrupted Lake Mendota’s ecosystem in the 1970s, in 2009 scientists discovered that the lake was being damaged by invasive water fauna (i.e., spiny water fleas) (Van Eyck).

While the examples provided above for each of these relationships is a sentence or short series of sentences where relationships are established through sequencing and transition words, you should also develop these kinds of common connections between ideas on a large scale through grammatical parallelism, paragraph placement, and your progression from one section to another.

Also, as can be seen in these examples, sometimes multiple different relationships are functioning simultaneously. For instance, consider again the example for the “Importance” item:

The ideas in this sentence work within the following relationship categories:

• Importance—Connecting what is more inconsequential (i.e., how boaters are bothered by Eurasian milfoil) to what is most critical (i.e., how the lake’s ecosystem is disrupted by Eurasian milfoil),
• Contrast—Connecting two things (i.e., boaters’ concerns and the lake’s wellbeing) by focusing on their differences,
• Causation—Connecting an instigator (i.e., Eurasian milfoil) to consequences (i.e., native plants’ destruction and, secondarily, the native animals’ destruction).

This collection of interwoven relational connections doesn’t mean that these ideas are jumbled; this is just an indication of how relationships can become interconnected.

Since clearly working within these relationship categories can be useful for organizing your key concepts as well as guiding readers through the structure of entire papers or particular paragraphs as well as sentences, different kinds of connections can be similarly layered across the whole structure of a paper. For example, if you are composing an argument about why it’s so hard for meteorologists to pin-point the severity and location of tornadoes, the overarching relationship of your ideas might be part/whole because you’re interested in how a range of factors contribute to a difficult prediction process. However, within your paragraphs, you might have to use chronological and causation relationships to describe the physical processes by which tornadoes are formed. And from sentence to sentence, you’ll need to make sure that you are starting with what’s familiar to your readers before moving into what’s new.

Joseph Williams and Joseph Bizup, in their handbook Style: Lessons in Clarity and Grace , identify the process of moving from what is known to what is unknown as “cohesion.” “Sentences are cohesive ,” they write, “when the last few words of one sentence set up the information that appears in the first few words of the next” (67). They relate this careful sequencing to the issue of “flow”—readers find that ideas follow each other naturally when one sentence begins where the previous sentence left off.

Consider another annotated example passage from Derek Thompson’s economic analysis of the effects of automation and technology on jobs. This paragraph comes after one about how horses (once primary forces for industrial production) were made obsolete by transportation technology.

[1] Humans can do much more than trot, carry, and pull. [2] But the skills required in most offices hardly elicit our full range of intelligence. [3] Most jobs are still boring, repetitive, and easily learned. [4] The most-common occupations in the United States are retail salesperson, cashier, food and beverage server, and office clerk. [5] Together, these four jobs employ 15.4 million people—nearly 10 percent of the labor force, or more workers than there are in Texas and Massachusetts combined. [6] Each is highly susceptible to automation, according to the Oxford study.

Thompson’s most obvious application of Williams and Bizup’s concept of cohesion happens at the end sentence 4 and the beginning of sentence 5 where he first lists four professions (salesperson, cashier, server, and clerk) then begins the next sentence with, “these four jobs.”

But even on a conceptual level, Thompson is continuously moving from old information to new information. Consider this analysis of the conceptual shifts within each of these six sentences where Thompson’s ideas have been stripped down and his key concepts have been highlighted in different colors:

[1] Humans have more skills than horses. [2] Humans’ full range of skills aren’t always utilized by many office jobs . [3] Many jobs don’t push us to our full potential. [4] Here are the most common jobs . [5] These jobs employ many people. [6] These jobs could be eliminated through automation .

Thompson begins this paragraph by connecting a new idea (i.e., humans’ present occupational relationship to technology) to an old idea from the previous paragraph (i.e., horse’s past relationship to technology). After introducing the human subject, he then uses it to bring in his next topic: workplace skills. Then, through skills he brings in the issue of jobs, and jobs eventually lead him to the issue of automation. This sequence holds together like a line of conceptual dominoes.

Connecting new ideas to old is a practice that you should implement across sentences, paragraphs, and even whole sections of your writing. However, be careful. If this practice becomes heavy-handed or overdone, your writing can become patronizing to your readers. Make sure that you are clearly and comprehensively connecting ideas and not just sequencing subjects.

In Style: Lessons in Clarity and Grace , Joseph Williams and Joseph Bizup also write about the importance of coherence. While “cohesion” and “coherence” sound similar, they are two different things. “Cohesion” is about ideas that connect to each other “the way two pieces of a jigsaw puzzle do,” whereas “coherence” “is when all the sentences in a piece of writing add up to a larger whole” (69). Sometimes this is also called “unity.” Coherence is achieved when the things you are writing about all clearly contribute to the same overarching topic. For example, let’s return to the domino example from above. The movement from humans to skills to jobs to automation works because Thompson’s larger article establishes a thematic connection between all of these topics: work changes in response to technological developments. Thompson is even able to start this paragraph with an otherwise unexpected reference to horses because in the previous paragraph he has shown his readers how horses also relate to this theme of work changing in response to technological development. Within your writing, it’s important to make sure that all of your smaller ideas are related to and pointed towards the same goal.

Williams and Bizup suggest one way of making sure that your writing is coherent or unified is to pay attention to what each of your sentences is about—its subject (the noun or pronoun that guides a sentence) and topic (the idea that is the focus of that sentence). In most sentences, your subject and topic should be the same thing. Also, most of the time your topic should be short and direct, and each paragraph should be primarily dedicated to one topic. As an example, consider again this paragraph from the Thompson article about human skills, jobs, and automation. The subjects/topics of each sentence have been highlighted.

1] Humans can do much more than trot, carry, and pull. [2] But the skills required in most offices hardly elicit our full range of intelligence. [3] Most jobs are still boring, repetitive, and easily learned. [4] The most-common occupations in the United States are retail salesperson, cashier, food and beverage server, and office clerk. [5] Together, these four jobs employ 15.4 million people—nearly 10 percent of the labor force, or more workers than there are in Texas and Massachusetts combined. [6] Each is highly susceptible to automation, according to the Oxford study.

Note that after setting up this paragraph in a way that connects back to the previous paragraph’s focus on horses, Thompson settles into the issue of jobs as his clear and primary focus. The final four sentences have some version of “jobs” as their subject and topic. This consistency allows him to develop coherent ideas about this one issue.

For more information about writing intentionally structured and unified paragraphs, check out our resource on paragraphing. Additionally, if you are trying to discern whether or not your paragraphs are functioning coherently across your entire paper, we recommend the practice of reverse outlining. You can find out more about this technique here.

Transition Words and Phrases

The best way to clearly communicate the logical pathways that connect your ideas is to make sure that you move smoothly from old information to new information (cohesion) and that your readers always understand how your primary topics contribute to the big picture of your overall argument (coherence). While we’ve considered ways that whole sentences and paragraphs can do this work, sometimes even individual words can help you establish clear, cohesive, and coherent relationships between your ideas. In writing these are often called “transition words.”

The following is a list of useful transition words and phrases. Following the list of common relationship categories provided above, these words are organized according to the kinds of relationships they frequently develop. Of course, establishing clear relationships between ideas requires much more than just dropping one of these into the start of a sentence, but used sparingly and carefully based on the logical associations they establish, these words can provide usefully obvious indications to your readers of the kind of connections you are trying to develop between your ideas.

Causation– Connecting instigator(s) to consequence(s).

accordingly as a result and so because

consequently for that reason hence on account of

since therefore thus

after afterwards always at length during earlier following immediately in the meantime

later never next now once simultaneously so far sometimes

soon subsequently then this time until now when whenever while

Combinations Lists– Connecting numerous events. Part/Whole– Connecting numerous elements that make up something bigger.

additionally again also and, or, not as a result besides even more

finally first, firstly further furthermore in addition in the first place in the second place

last, lastly moreover next second, secondly, etc. too

after all although and yet at the same time but

however in contrast nevertheless nonetheless notwithstanding

on the contrary on the other hand otherwise though yet

as an illustration e.g., (from a Latin abbreviation for “for example”)

for example for instance specifically that is

to demonstrate to illustrate

chiefly critically

foundationally most importantly

of less importance primarily

above adjacent to below beyond

centrally here nearby neighboring on

opposite to peripherally there wherever

Similarity– Connecting to things by suggesting that they are in some way alike.

by the same token in like manner

in similar fashion here in the same way

likewise wherever

Other kinds of transitional words and phrases Clarification

i.e., (from a Latin abbreviation for “that is”) in other words

that is that is to say to clarify to explain

to put it another way to rephrase it

granted it is true

naturally of course

finally lastly

in conclusion in the end

to conclude

Intensification

in fact indeed no

of course surely to repeat

undoubtedly without doubt yes

for this purpose in order that

so that to that end

to this end

in brief in sum

in summary in short

to sum up to summarize

Works Cited

Ackerman, Diane. “I Sing the Body’s Pattern Recognition Machine.” The New York Times , 15 June 2004. https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/15/science/essay-i-sing-the-body-s-pattern-recognition-machine.html . Accessed 6 June 2018.

Birge, Edward Asahel. Plankton Studies on Lake Mendota . Harvard University Library of the Museum of Comparative Zoolog., 1897.

“Past presidents and chancellors.” Office of the Chancellor , University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2016. https://chancellor.wisc.edu/past-presidents-and-chancellors/ . Accessed 16 June 2018.

Thompson, Derek. “A World Without Work.” The Atlantic , July/August 2015, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/07/world-without-work/395294/. Accessed 14 June 2018.

Van Eyck, Masarah. “Lake Mendota: a scientific biography.” L&S News , College of Letters and Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison, 29 Aug. 2016. http://ls.wisc.edu/news/lake-mendota-a-scientific-biography . Accessed 15 June 2018.

Williams, Joseph M. and Joseph Bizup. Style: Lessons in Clarity and Grace . 12 th ed., Pearson, 2017.

Improving Your Writing Style

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Clear, Concise Sentences

Use the active voice

Put the action in the verb

Tidy up wordy phrases

Reduce wordy verbs

Reduce prepositional phrases

Reduce expletive constructions

Avoid using vague nouns

Avoid unneccessarily inflated words

Avoid noun strings

Transitional Words and Phrases

Using Transitional Words and Phrases

How to Make a Smooth Transition from One Point to Another in Essay

Forget the numerous essay hook examples that you will come across on many writing guide forums.

The real jewel as far as coming up with concisely written papers lies in the adeptness of using transition sentences/sections to make a smooth flow from one idea to another. This way, you can logically draw up connections between various main sections/ideas in a paper without veering off the topic at the same time.

As much as this is a fairly difficult skill to master, there are several useful pointers that can come in handy if you have been struggling with this for a while.

1. Review the Paragraph/Essay Up to Where You Need to Add the Transition Phrase

The relationship between the two main separate ideas will determine the nature of the transition sentence as you seek to create a flow between the two ideas. For instance, if the two ideas are conflicting/contradictory, you will need to introduce a transition sentence that shows you are about to differ with what you have just said. That is, it has to make sense from the perspective and the context of the two paragraphs and ideas in question.

2. Use Synonyms Such as ‘Another’, ‘Additionally’, ‘To That Effect’ When Faced the Task of Connected Several Complimentary Ideas

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3. Don’t Shy Away From Conjunctive Adverbs

If you are not comfortable with using traditional transitional phrases or just aren’t sure whether they are logically or semantically correct, you can switch them up with conjunctive adverbs. As the word suggests, conjunctive adverbs are ones that are chiefly used to co-join two or more ideas in an essay. It is a good way of relating a paragraph, idea or concept with a preceding one. Good examples are words such as: ‘accordingly’, ‘consequently’, ‘therefore’, ‘hence’, ‘otherwise’, etc. There are tons of them in the English vocabulary.

4. Proofread Your Paragraph Transitions Thoroughly

Most students end up scoring lower than they expect to as a result of using improper transitional phrases to connect major pointers in their essay arguments . Fortunately, however, you can catch most of these mistakes if you commit to proofread your thoroughly before submission. And when doing this, make a point of looking at the end of each section/paragraph and weigh how well it connects to the first sentence of the following paragraph. If it is non-existent, strained or forced consider improving the transition by either rearranging those paragraphs or simply clarifying your logic in a few extra words.

The Bottom Line

Making smooth transitions between ideas in essay writing is more about creating an inner flow of thoughts throughout the entire paper rather than simply using flamboyant transitional phrases or adverbs. Once you have achieved the former, the latter comes in naturally.

Related posts:

• Ways to Improve Readability of Your Essay

How to Write a Synthesis Essay

• How to Use Sentence Starters for Essays
• How to Write a Hook for your Essay or Paper [Examples Included]

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Common transition words and phrases.

In an effort to make our handouts more accessible, we have begun converting our PDF handouts to web pages. Download this page as a PDF: Transitions Return to Writing Studio Handouts

Transitions clarify the logic of your argument by orienting your reader as you develop ideas between sentences and paragraphs. These tools should alert readers to shifts in your argument while and also maintain the smoothness and clarity of your prose. Below, you’ll find some of the most commonly used transition categories and examples of each. Depending on the example, these suggestions may be within sentences or at the beginning of sentences.

Transitions by Category

1. addition.

Use when presenting multiple ideas that flow in the same direction, under the same heading/ idea also, another, finally, first, first of all, for one thing, furthermore, in addition, last of all, likewise, moreover, next, and, second, the third reason

2. Sequence/ Order

Use to suggest a temporal relationship between ideas; places evidence in sequence first, second (etc.), next, last, finally, first of all, concurrently, immediately, prior to, then, at that time, at this point, previously, subsequently, and then, at this time, thereafter, previously, soon, before, after, followed by, after that, next, before, after, meanwhile, formerly, finally, during

3. Contrast

Use to demonstrate differences between ideas or change in argument direction but, however, in contrast, on the other hand, on the contrary, yet, differ, difference, balanced against, differing from, variation, still, on the contrary, unlike, conversely, otherwise, on the other hand, however

4. Exception

Use to introduce an opposing idea however, whereas, on the other hand, while, instead, in spite of, yet, despite, still, nevertheless, even though, in contrast, but, but one could also say…

5. Comparison

Use to demonstrate similarities between ideas that may not be under the same subject heading or within the same paragraph like, likewise, just, in a different way / sense, whereas, like, equally, in like manner, by comparison, similar to, in the same way, alike, similarity, similarly, just as, as in a similar fashion, conversely

6. Illustration

Use to develop or clarify an idea, to introduce examples, or to show that the second idea is subordinate to the first for example, to illustrate, on this occasion, this can be seen, in this case, specifically, once, to illustrate, when/where, for instance, such as, to demonstrate, take the case of, in this case

7. Location

Use to show spatial relations next to, above, below, beneath, left, right, behind, in front, on top, within

8. Cause and Effect

Use to show that one idea causes, or results from, the idea that follows or precedes it because, therefore, so that, cause, reason, effect, thus, consequently, since, as a result, if…then, result in

9. Emphasis

Use to suggest that an idea is particularly important to your argument important to note, most of all, a significant factor, a primary concern, a key feature, remember that, pay particular attention to, a central issue, the most substantial issue, the main value, a major event, the chief factor, a distinctive quality, especially valuable, the chief outcome, a vital force, especially relevant, most noteworthy, the principal item, above all, should be noted

10. Summary or Conclusion

Use to signal that what follows is summarizing or concluding the previous ideas; in humanities papers, use these phrases sparingly. to summarize, in short, in brief, in sum, in summary, to sum up, in conclusion, to conclude, finally

Some material adapted from Cal Poly Pomona College Reading Skills Program and “ Power Tools for Technical Communication .” 

Writing Effective Sentence Transitions (Advanced)

Transitions are the rhetorical tools that clarify the logic of your argument by orienting your reader as you develop ideas between sentences and paragraphs. The ability to integrate sentence transitions into your prose, rather than simply throwing in overt transition signals like “in addition,” indicates your mastery of the material. (Note: The visibility of transitions may vary by discipline; consult with your professor to get a better sense of discipline or assignment specific expectations.)

Transition Signals

Transition signals are words or phrases that indicate the logic connecting sets of information or ideas. Signals like therefore, on the other hand, for example, because, then, and afterwards can be good transition tools at the sentence and paragraph level. When using these signals, be conscious of the real meaning of these terms; they should reflect the actual relationship between ideas.

Review Words

Review words are transition tools that link groups of sentences or whole paragraphs. They condense preceding discussion into a brief word or phrase. For example: You’ve just completed a detailed discussion about the greenhouse effect. To transition to the next topic, you could use review words like “this heat-trapping process” to refer back to the green house effect discussion. The relative ability to determine a cogent set of review words might signal your own understanding of your work; think of review words as super-short summaries of key ideas.

Preview words

Preview words condense an upcoming discussion into a brief word or phrase. For example: You’ve just explained how heat is trapped in the earth’s atmosphere. Transitioning to the theory that humans are adding to that effect, you could use preview words like “sources of additional CO2 in the atmosphere include” to point forward to that discussion.

Transition Sentences

The strongest and most sophisticated tools, transition sentences indicate the connection between the preceding and upcoming pieces of your argument. They often contain one or more of the above transition tools. For example: You’ve just discussed how much CO2 humans have added to the atmosphere. You need to transition to a discussion of the effects. A strong set of transition sentences between the two sections might sound like this:

“These large amounts of CO2 added to the atmosphere may lead to a number of disastrous consequences for residents of planet earth. The rise in global temperature that accompanies the extra CO2 can yield effects as varied as glacial melting and species extinction.”

In the first sentence, the review words are “These large amounts of CO2 added to the atmosphere”; the preview words are “number of disastrous consequences”; the transition signals are “may lead to.” The topic sentence of the next paragraph indicates the specific “disastrous consequences” you will discuss.

If you don’t see a way to write a logical, effective transition between sentences, ideas or paragraphs, this might indicate organizational problems in your essay; you might consider revising your work.

Some material adapted from Cal Poly Pomona College Reading Skills Program  and “ Power Tools for Technical Communication .”

Last revised: 07/2008 | Adapted for web delivery: 05/2021

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190 Good Transition Words for Essays

August 23, 2023

Essay writing consists of two primary procedures: coming up with the content we want to include and structuring that content. These procedures might take place in either order or they could occur simultaneously. When writing an essay it is important to think about the ways that content and structure complement one another. The best essays join these two elements in thoughtful ways. Transition words for essays (including for college essays) are some of our most primary tools when it comes to structuring a piece of writing.

When beginning an essay it is often recommended to begin with a messy first draft. The purpose of this draft is to get everything out on the page. You should put down as many ideas and trajectories as you can without worrying too much about phrasing or whether they will make it into the final draft. The key here is to be loose—to get ahead of our self-editors and expel everything we can from our minds.

List of Good Transition Words for Essays (Continued)

While this is a good strategy for beginning an essay it will likely leave you unsure how everything fits together. This is where transition words come in. As you will see in this list (which is necessarily incomplete) the range of transition words for essays is vast. Each transition word implies a different relation, often in subtle ways. After accumulating content, the next step is to figure out how the elements fit together towards an overall goal (this could be but is not necessarily an “argument”). Consulting this list of transition words for essays can provide a shortcut for determining how one piece might lead into another. Along with transition words, rhetorical devices and literary devices are other tools to consider during this stage of essay writing.

Transition Words for College Essays

While this list will be a useful tool for all types of essay writing it will be particularly helpful when it comes to finding the right transition words for college essays . The goal of a college essay is to give a strong overall sense of its author in the tight space of 650 words. As you might imagine, it’s not easy to encompass a life or convey a complex personality in such a space. When writing a college essay you are working with a huge amount of potential content. Students often want to squeeze in as much as they can. To this end, transition words for college essays are essential tools to have at our disposal.

Here is our list of transition words for college essays and other essays. It is organized by the different types of transition words/phrases and their functions. While this organization should be convenient, keep in mind that there’s plenty of overlap. Many of these words can function in multiple ways.

1) Additive Transitions

These words function in an additive manner, accumulating content to build upon what has already been stated. They can be used to construct an argument or establish a scene through the accumulation of details.

• Additionally
• In addition to
• Furthermore
• Not to mention
• In all honesty
• To tell the truth
• Not only…but also
• As a matter of fact
• To say nothing of
• What’s more
• Alternatively
• To go a step further

 2) Comparative Transitions (Similarity)

  These transition words draw a parallel or bring out a similarity between images or ideas. They can be used not only in a straightforward sense but also to establish relations of similarity between objects or ideas that might appear to be dissonant.

• In the same way
• In a similar vein
• Along the lines of
• In the key of

 3) Comparative Transitions (Difference)

  While also functioning comparatively, the following words demonstrate difference between ideas or images. These transition words are useful when it comes to establishing contrasting points of view, an important component of any argument.

• On the other hand
• On the contrary
• In contrast to
• In contradiction
• Nevertheless
• Nonetheless
• In any event
• In any case
• In either event

4) Sequential Transitions

  The following are particularly effective transition words for college essays. They will allow you to order ideas chronologically or in a sequence, providing a sense of continuity over time. This is particularly useful when an essay leans into something more creative or involves telling a story.

• Subsequently
• At the same time
• Concurrently
• In the beginning
• At the start
• At the outset
• Off the bat

5) Spatial Transitions

Rather than organizing ideas or images in regards to sequence, these transitions indicate spatial relationships. They are particularly useful when it comes to painting a scene and/or describing objects, but they can also be used metaphorically. Consider, for example, how you might use the transition, “standing in […’s] shadow.”

• Standing in […’s] shadow
• In front of
• In the middle
• In the center
• To the left
• To the right
• On the side
• Adjacent to
• Around the bend
• On the outskirts
• In the distance
• On the horizon
• In the foreground
• In the background
• Underground
• Through the grapevine

 6) Causal Transitions

These transition words for essays indicate cause and effect relationships between ideas. They will be particularly useful when you are structuring a logical argument, i.e. using logos as a mode of persuasion . Causal transitions are an important element of academic, legal and scientific writing.

• Accordingly
• Resultingly
• As a result
• Consequently
• In consequence
• As a consequence
• For this reason
• So much that
• Granting that
• That being the case
• Under those circumstances
• With this in mind
• For the purpose of
• For all intents and purposes
• In the event that
• In the event of
• In light of
• On the condition that
• To the extent that

7) Examples/Illustration/Supporting Transition

  These transition words for college essays can be used to introduce supporting evidence, emphasis, examples, and clarification. There is some overlap here with additive transitions and causal transitions. These transitions are also useful when it comes to building an argument. At the same time, they can signal a shift into a different linguistic register.

• For example
• For instance
• In other words
• As an illustration
• To illustrate
• To put it differently
• To put it another way
• That is to say
• As the evidence illustrates
• It’s important to realize
• It’s important to understand
• It must be remembered
• To demonstrate
• For clarity’s sake
• To emphasize
• To put it plainly
• To enumerate
• To speak metaphorically

8) Conclusory Transitions

These transition words for essays serve to bring an idea or story to a close. They offer a clear way of signaling the conclusion of a particular train of thought. They might be followed by a summary or a restatement of an essay’s argument. In this way they also provide emphasis, setting the reader up for what is about to come.

• In conclusion
• To summarize
• To put it succinctly
• To this end
• At the end of the day
• In the final analysis
• By and large
• On second thought
• On first glance
• That’s all to say
• On the whole
• All things considered
• Generally speaking

List of Good Transition Words for Essays (Final Thoughts)

Even when elements appear to be disparate on first glance, transition words are a great tool for giving your essay a smooth flow. They can also create surprising juxtapositions, relationships, and equivalences. The way a reader will understand a transition word depends on the context in which they encounter it.

Individual words and phrases can be used in a wide variety of ways, ranging from the literal to the figurative to the colloquial or idiomatic. “Through the grapevine” is an example of the colloquial or idiomatic. When we encounter this phrase we don’t interpret it literally (as hearing something “through” a grapevine) but rather as hearing news secondhand. There are, of course, a vast number of idioms that are not included in this list but can also function as transitional phrases.

This list of transition words for college essays (and really any form of writing you might be working on) is a resource that you can return to again and again in your life as a writer. Over years of writing we tend to fall into patterns when it comes to the transition words we use. Mixing things up can be exciting both as a writer and for your readers. Even if you don’t choose to stray from your trusted transitions, considering the alternatives (and why they don’t work for you) can offer a deeper understanding of what you are trying to say.

List of Good Transition Words for Essays (An Exercise)

As an exercise in self-understanding, you may want to try highlighting all of the transition words in a piece of your own writing. You can then compare this to the transition words in a piece of writing that you admire. Are they using similar transitions or others? Are they using them more or less often? What do you like or dislike about them? We all use transition words differently, creating different tonal effects. Keeping an eye out for them, not only as a writer but also as a reader, will help you develop your own aesthetic.

• College Essay

Emmett Lewis

Emmett holds a BA in Philosophy from Vassar College and is currently completing an MFA in Writing at Columbia University. Previously, he served as a writing instructor within the Columbia Artists/Teachers community as well as a Creative Writing Teaching Fellow at Columbia, where he taught poetry workshops. In addition, Emmett is a member of the Poetry Board at the Columbia Journal , and his work has been published in HAD , Otoliths , and Some Kind of Opening , among others.

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I'm working on my college essays and I've noticed that my transitions between paragraphs aren't the best. Does anyone have any advice or tips on how to write strong transitions that make my essay flow better? Would really appreciate some help!

Great question! Having strong transitions in your college essays is important to ensure a smooth reading experience and maintain the flow of your ideas. Here are some tips to help you improve your essay transitions:

1. Use transition words and phrases: Such as "however," "on the other hand," "moreover," "in addition," "likewise," "conversely," and "similarly." These words help signal to the reader that you're switching topics or expanding on a point.

2. Repeat key words and phrases: Repeating a word or phrase from the previous paragraph in the opening sentence of the next paragraph connects the two ideas and helps guide the reader through your essay. Just be careful not to overdo it!

3. Parallel structure: Use parallel sentence structures to link two related ideas. For example, you can use a series of phrases or clauses that have the same grammatical structure.

4. Make sure your ideas have a logical order: Ensure that your paragraphs are organized in a way that allows thoughts to flow naturally from one to the next. This might involve rearranging some paragraphs or modifying your points slightly.

5. Start with a topic sentence: Each paragraph should start with a clear topic sentence that summarizes the main idea you'll be discussing in the paragraph. This helps guide the reader and sets the stage for the transition.

6. Focus on themes or ideas: Rather than just moving from one specific example to another, use broader themes or ideas to connect your paragraphs. This can help create a smooth transition between paragraphs that may be discussing different examples.

7. Use questions or statements to introduce new ideas: Sometimes, a rhetorical question or a short statement can be a powerful way to transition between paragraphs and provide a sense of anticipation for the upcoming argument.

8. Revise and edit: Writing is a process, and often our first drafts don't have the strongest transitions. Keep revising and editing your essay to spot areas where you could improve the flow between paragraphs.

9. Read your essay out loud: Sometimes, reading your work aloud can help you pick up on awkward transitions or areas where more clarity is needed. This can help you get a sense of how your arguments connect and how they might be improved.

It's essential to be mindful of the overall flow and cohesion of your essay. Transitions not only improve readability but also help your reader follow your train of thought. Paying close attention to these elements will ultimately strengthen your essay and make it more compelling. Good luck!

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Microsoft 365 Life Hacks > Writing > How to effectively write and use transitions in an essay

How to effectively write and use transitions in an essay

The key to an effective argumentative essay —and to any successful piece of writing—is the ability to transition between paragraphs and ideas smoothly. Bouncing between various ideas can confuse the reader. Learn how you can link your arguments together through effective paragraph transitions.

The importance of outlining your essay

Don’t go blind into your argument. Just like a building, a strong essay begins with a strong foundation and structure. A typical five-paragraph essay will have the following:

• Introduction: The introduction paragraph is where you should show the reader what you aim to write about. This is where you set the tone of your argument: are you writing formally or informally, taking a positive or negative stance, or refuting a specific issue or person? Your thesis statement will go at the end of your introduction paragraph.
• Argument 1: The next three paragraphs are where you expand on your argument. Begin with a topic sentence that serves as an overview of your intended position, before you introduce statistics, quotes, and other forms of research.
• Argument 2: A general rule is that you should introduce broader points to your argument before going into detail. Linking these paragraphs together will be vital to forming a cohesive argument.
• Argument 3: Bring your readers to your viewpoint with persuasion, based on your research: whether it’s through quotes from experts, or logical reasoning, this is where your passion in your argument can shine.
• Conclusion: Here, you summarize the points that you’ve just made. Remind the reader of your thesis statement from your introduction, and concisely sum up the arguments you’ve made in previous paragraphs. If you are asking the reader to act, here is where you bring up a call to action.

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The five-paragraph essay is a time-tested form of rhetoric. However, the way you link these paragraphs can make or break the effectiveness of your argument.

How to use paragraph transitions

Creating a transition between the paragraphs of your essay will bring out the relation between the points you’re making. Transitions can also provide your readers with a direction on where your argument is headed, so that they might better understand the rhetorical path that you are leading them on.

After you identify the subject and angle of your paragraphs, consider the relationships between these points: do they tell a narrative, or are they linked by chronological or another order? Both can be used to format your argument, as long as the path toward your thesis statement is clear.

What is the link between the points of research that you have found? Are the statistics connected, or do they contrast? Both can be effective points and counterpoints to form a transition. What are the central ideas of your points of argument?

Effective transition words to use

No matter if you’re comparing or contrasting your argumentative paragraphs, you can always begin a sentence with words or phrases that flow into each other.

These words can link arguments together:

Consequently, these words draw contrasts between ideas:

Microsoft’s thesaurus and grammar tools can help you expand your vocabulary with synonyms and grammatical checks that will lend credence to your writing. For more tips on forming an ideal essay, check out these tips from Microsoft 365 on how to improve your writing skills.

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Essay Writing Guide

Transition Words For Essays

Last updated on: Jun 28, 2024

220 Best Transition Words for Essays

By: Nova A.

15 min read

Reviewed By: Jacklyn H.

Published on: Jul 9, 2019

Writing essays can be hard, and making sure your transitions are smooth is even harder. 

You've probably heard that good essays need good transitions, but what are they? How do you use them in your writing? Also, your essays are assessed according to particular criteria and it is your responsibility to ensure that it is being met.

But don't worry, we are here to help. This blog will give you transition words for essays, including how to choose the right ones and where to place them for maximum impact. Essay writing is a technical process that requires much more effort than simply pouring your thoughts on paper.

If you are new to the concept of transition words and phrases, deep dive into this article in order to find out the secret to improving your essays.

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What Are Transition Words 

Transition words are essential elements in essay writing that create smooth transitions between ideas. 

Think of a transition as a conjunction or a joining word. It helps create strong relationships between ideas, paragraphs, or sentences and assists the readers to understand the word phrases and sentences easily.

As writers, our goal is to communicate our thoughts and ideas in the most clear and logical manner. Especially when presenting complex ideas, we must ensure that they are being conveyed in the most understandable way.

To ensure that your paper is easy to understand, you can work on the sequencing of ideas. Break down your ideas into different sentences and paragraphs then use a transition word or phrase to guide them through these ideas.

Why Should You Use Transitions

The purpose of transition words goes beyond just connectivity. They create a cohesive narrative , allowing your ideas to flow seamlessly from one point to another. These words and phrases act as signposts and indicate relationships. 

These relations could include:

• Cause and Effect
• Comparison and Contrast
• Addition and Emphasis
• Sequence and Order
• Illustration and Example
• Concession and Contradiction
• Summary and Conclusion

They form a bridge and tie sentences together, creating a logical connection. In addition to tying the entire paper together, they help demonstrate the writer’s agreement, disagreement, conclusion, or contrast.

However, keep in mind that just using or including transitional words isn’t enough to highlight relationships between ideas. The content of your paragraphs must support the relationship as well. So, you should avoid overusing them in a paper.

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Types of Transitions

Transitions in essays can be classified into different types based on the relationships they indicate between ideas. Each type serves a specific purpose in guiding readers through your arguments. 

Let's explore some common types of transitions and their examples:

Additive Transitions 

These transitions are used to add information or ideas. They help you expand on your points or provide additional supporting evidence. Examples:

• In addition
• Furthermore
• Additionally
• Not only... but also
• Coupled with

Adversative Transitions

Adversative transitions show contrast or contradiction between ideas. They are used to present opposing viewpoints or highlight differences. Examples:

• Nevertheless
• On the other hand
• In contrast

Causal Transitions

Causal transitions explain cause-and-effect relationships. They help you establish the reasons behind certain outcomes or actions. Examples:

• As a result
• Consequently
• Resulting in
• For this reason

Sequential Transitions

Sequential transitions indicate the order or sequence of events or ideas. They help you present your thoughts in a logical and organized manner. Examples: 

• Subsequently
• In the meantime
• Simultaneously

Comparative Transitions

Comparative transitions highlight similarities or comparisons between ideas. They help you draw connections and illustrate relationships. Here are some transition words for essays examples: 

• In the same way
• Compared to
• In comparison
• Correspondingly
• By the same token
• Equally important
• Analogous to

Getting started on your essay? Check out this insightful read on essay writing to make sure you ace it!

List of Good Transition Words for Essays

As mentioned above, there are different categories of transitions that serve a unique purpose. Understanding these different types will help you pick the most suitable word or phrase to communicate your message.

Here we have categorized the best transition words for essays so you can use them appropriately!

Transition Words for Argumentative Essays

In argumentative essays , the effective use of transition words is essential for presenting a well-structured and coherent argument. 

Transition Words for Compare and Contrast Essays

In compare and contrast essays , transition words play a crucial role in highlighting the similarities and differences between the subjects being compared. 

Here are a few transition words that are particularly useful in compare and contrast essays:

Transition Words for Cause and Effect Essays

In cause and effect essays , transition words help illustrate the relationships between causes and their corresponding effects. 

Here are a few transition words that are particularly useful in cause-and-effect essays:

Transition Words for Different Parts of Essays

Transition words are valuable tools that can be used throughout different parts of an essay to create a smooth and coherent flow. By understanding the appropriate transition words for each section, you can logically connect your ideas. 

Introduction Transition Words for Essays

Introductions are one of the most impactful parts of the essay. It's important that it connects logically with the rest of the essay. To do this, you can utilize different transition words for essays to start. Here are some starting transition words for essays:

Transition Words for Essays Body Paragraph

In an essay, body paragraphs play a crucial role in presenting and developing your ideas. To ensure a logical flow within each body paragraph, the strategic use of transition words is essential.

Here are lists of transitions for essays for different body paragraphs:

Transition Words for Essays for First Body Paragraph

Here is a list of transition words that you can use for the first body paragraph of an essay:

Transition Words for Essays Second Body Paragraph

Here is a list of transition words for the second body paragraph of an essay:

Transition Words for Essays Third Body Paragraph

Transition Words for Essays Last Body Paragraph

Transition Words for Essays Conclusion 

Here is a list of ending transition words for essays:

Do’s and Don’ts of Using Essay Transitions

When it comes to using transitions in your essay, there are certain do's and don'ts that can help you effectively enhance the flow of your writing. Here are some key guidelines to keep in mind:

• Add transitions only when introducing new ideas.
• Go through the paper to make sure they make sense.
• Start by creating an outline, so you know what ideas to share and how.
• Use different transitions for each idea.
• Don’t overuse them.
• Don’t keep adding transitions in the same paragraph.
• Don’t completely rely on transitions to signal relationships.
• Don’t incorporate it into your content without understanding its usage.

By now, you have probably understood how transition words can save you from disjointed and directionless paragraphs. They are the missing piece that indicates how ideas are related to one another. You can also generate more essays with our AI powered essay writer to learn the art of transitioning smoothly from one paragraph to another. 

If you are still unable to distinguish transitions to open or conclude your essays, don’t be upset - these things require time and practice.

If you are looking for the perfect essay-writing service, get in touch with the expert writers at 5StarEssays.com. We will include the right transitions according to the type of paper, ensuring a coherent flow of ideas.

Just say ‘ write my essay ’ now and let our essay writer create quality content at the most pocket-friendly rates available.

As a Digital Content Strategist, Nova Allison has eight years of experience in writing both technical and scientific content. With a focus on developing online content plans that engage audiences, Nova strives to write pieces that are not only informative but captivating as well.

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• Transition Words and Phrases: Boost Your Writing Clarity

Have you ever read a piece of writing that felt choppy, disjointed, or hard to follow? Chances are, it needed transition words. These linguistic bridges are essential for clear, coherent writing. They’re the secret sauce that transforms a jumble of sentences into a smooth, flowing narrative. Whether you’re a seasoned writer or just starting out, mastering the art of transitions will take your content to the next level.

What are Transition Words?

Transition words are the linguistic glue that holds your writing together. They’re the connective tissue that links ideas, sentences, and paragraphs, creating a seamless flow of thought. But what exactly are transition words, and why are they so crucial for effective communication?

Transition words are words or phrases that show the relationship between ideas. They act as signposts, guiding your readers through the text and helping them understand how different sections and ideas relate to each other. These linguistic bridges can indicate addition, contrast, cause and effect, sequence, and much more.

Just like road signs help drivers navigate unfamiliar terrain, transition words help readers navigate the ideas you put down in writing. They provide direction, indicating whether you’re adding to a previous point, contrasting ideas, or moving on to a new topic altogether.

But why are transitional words and phrases so important? Simply put, they enhance the readability and coherence of your writing. Without them, your text will feel disjointed or abrupt, leaving your reader struggling to connect the dots. With well-chosen transitions, however, your writing flows smoothly from one idea to the next, making it easier for your audience to follow your train of thought.

Consider this example:

“I love coffee. It keeps me awake. I drink it every morning.”

Now, let’s add some transition words:

“I love coffee because it keeps me awake. Therefore, I drink it every morning.”

See the difference? The transition words “because” and “therefore” clarify the relationships between these ideas, making the passage more cohesive and easier to understand.

Transition words are subtle yet powerful tools that transform your writing from a series of disconnected statements into coherent, persuasive arguments. By mastering these transition keywords, you’ll be well on your way to boosting your writing clarity and engaging your readers more effectively.

Detailed Classification of Transition Words with Examples

Understanding the various types of transition words and how to use them effectively can significantly enhance your writing. Let’s explore different categories of transition words and phrases, along with examples to illustrate their usage.

Addition, Agreement, and Amplification

Transition words help you introduce additional information or ideas that support your previous statements. These words signal to the reader that you’re expanding on a point or providing more evidence. Some common examples include:

• In addition
• Furthermore
• Additionally

Example: “The new policy will reduce costs. In addition, it will improve efficiency.”

“In addition” transition words are particularly useful when you want to build upon an argument or provide supplementary information. They help create a logical flow between ideas, making your writing more cohesive and persuasive.

Opposition, Limitation, and Contradiction

Opposing transition words introduce contrasting ideas or limitations to previous statements. They help you present a balanced argument by acknowledging different viewpoints or potential drawbacks. To do so, you can use:

• Nevertheless
• On the other hand

Example: “The product has many benefits. However, its high cost may deter some customers.”

The “although” transition is particularly effective when you want to concede a point while maintaining your overall argument. It shows that you’ve considered multiple perspectives, which can make your writing more credible and nuanced.

Cause, Condition, and Purpose

These transition words help explain why something happens, under what conditions it occurs, or for what purpose. They’re crucial for establishing cause-and-effect relationships in your writing. Examples include:

• In order to

Example: “We decided to postpone the event because of the weather forecast.”

Examples, Support, and Emphasis

These transition words come in handy when you need to provide specific examples or emphasize a point. They help clarify your ideas and make your writing more concrete. Some examples are:

• For instance
• Specifically
• In particular
• To illustrate

Example: “Many factors contribute to climate change. For instance, deforestation plays a significant role.”

Effect, Consequence, and Result

Result transition words show the outcomes or consequences of actions or events. They help readers understand the impact of what you’re describing. Common options include:

• As a result
• Consequently

Example: “The company invested heavily in research and development. As a result, they were able to launch several innovative products.”

Conclusion, Summary, and Restatement

These transition words signal that you’re wrapping up your thoughts or restating your main points. They help provide closure to your writing. Consider these options:

• In conclusion

Example: “In conclusion, the benefits of the new system far outweigh its drawbacks.”

Time, Chronology, and Sequence

When describing events in a particular order or timeline, these transition words are invaluable. They help your reader follow the sequence of events or ideas. Examples include:

• Subsequently

Example: “First, preheat the oven. Next, mix the dry ingredients. Finally, add the wet ingredients and stir.”

Space, Location, and Place

These transition words help describe spatial relationships or locations. They’re particularly useful in descriptive writing or when giving directions. Some examples are:

• To the left
• In the distance

For instance: “The old lighthouse stands on the cliff. Below, waves crash against the rocky shore.”

By mastering these different types of transition words, you can significantly improve the flow and clarity of your writing. The key is using them naturally and appropriately, ensuring they enhance rather than disrupt your message.

Transition words for introduction with examples

Introductory transition words bridge your opening hook and the main body of your work, guiding your readers smoothly into your argument or narrative. They signal to your reader that you’re about to embark on a journey of ideas and help establish your content’s direction. Here are some examples of using transitions in an introduction:

• “To begin with”: This phrase is excellent for signaling that you’re about to present your first point or argument. Example: “To begin with, let’s examine the historical context of this issue.”
• “First and foremost”: Use this to emphasize the importance of your opening statement. Example: “First and foremost, it’s crucial to understand the basic principles of quantum mechanics.”
• “At the outset”: This helps clarify your initial position or premise. Example: “At the outset, I want to make it clear that this essay will argue in favor of renewable energy sources.”
• “Initially”: A perfect option for introducing the first in a series of points or steps. Example: “Initially, we’ll explore the causes of climate change before reviewing potential solutions.”
• “To start with”: A casual yet effective phrase that can make your introduction more conversational and engaging. Example: “To start with, let’s consider why so many people are turning to plant-based diets.”

When it comes to introductions, these words can help you:

• Capture your reader’s attention
• Provide context for your topic
• Smoothly introduce your thesis statement
• Outline the structure of your essay

The key to using transitions effectively is ensuring they sound natural in your writing. Rather than forcing them, use these words and phrases to connect ideas and guide your reader through your content.

As you practice using these transition words for writing, you’ll find that they become an integral part of your writing toolkit. They’ll help you create introductions that are informative, engaging, and cohesive.

Mastering the art of using introductory transition words can elevate your essay writing from good to great. So, the next time you sit down to write an essay, pay special attention to how you proceed from your opening hook to your main argument. With practice, you’ll find that these transitions become second nature and enhance your essays’ overall quality and readability.

Transition words for paragraph with examples

Paragraph transition words connect one paragraph to the next and ensure that your essay maintains a logical progression.

One of the most effective ways to understand the power of transitional phrases is through an example of an essay that uses them. Consider this excerpt:

“The Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in manufacturing processes. However, it also led to numerous social challenges. For instance, working conditions in factories were often hazardous and exploitative. Moreover, the rapid urbanization that accompanied industrialization resulted in overcrowded cities with poor sanitation. Nevertheless, the Industrial Revolution ultimately paved the way for modern technological advancements.”

In this short passage, we can see several transition words at work, each serving a specific purpose:

• “However”: Introduces a contrasting idea
• “For instance”: Provides a specific example
• “Moreover”: Adds additional information
• “Nevertheless”: Acknowledges the previous point while introducing a counterargument

Now, let’s cover more examples of transitional phrases for essays:

Sequence transitions:

• First, Second, Third
• Next, Then, Finally
• Subsequently, Afterwards

Example: “First, we’ll examine the causes of climate change. Then, we’ll explore its effects on ecosystems. Finally, we’ll discuss potential solutions.”

Comparison transitions:

• Similarly, Likewise, In the same way
• Compared to, In contrast, On the other hand

Example: “Renewable energy sources like solar and wind are becoming increasingly popular. Similarly, geothermal energy is gaining traction in many countries.”

Cause and effect transitions:

• Therefore, As a result, Consequently
• Due to, Because of, Since

Emphasis transitions:

• Indeed, In fact, Certainly
• Notably, Especially, Particularly

Example: “The new policy has had wide-ranging effects. Indeed, it has transformed the entire industry landscape.”

Conclusion transitions:

• In conclusion, To sum up, In summary
• Ultimately, Finally, In the end

Example: “In conclusion, while the challenges are significant, the potential benefits of sustainable practices far outweigh the initial costs.”

By incorporating these transition words into your paragraphs, you can create a more cohesive and engaging essay. They help guide your reader through your argument, showing how each idea relates to the next and ensuring that your writing flows smoothly from one point to another.

It’s essential to choose phrases that accurately reflect the relationship between your ideas. Don’t force transitions where they don’t naturally fit. Instead, use them to clarify and strengthen the connections in your writing.

Transition words for conclusion with Examples

Transition words for a conclusion are vital in signaling to your reader that you’re about to summarize your main points and provide a final thought. These words help create a sense of closure and leave a lasting impression on your audience.

Some of the best transition words for concluding your essay include:

“In conclusion”

“To sum up”

“Finally”

“Ultimately”

“In summary”

Let’s explore how to use these in conclusion transition words effectively, with examples of how to apply them:

This is one of the most common and straightforward ways to signal the end of your essay.

Example: “In conclusion, the evidence clearly demonstrates that renewable energy sources are not only environmentally friendly but also economically viable in the long term.”

A useful option when you want to briefly recap your main points.

Example: “To sum up, we’ve explored the causes, effects, and potential solutions to climate change. It’s evident that immediate action is necessary to mitigate its impact.”

This transition word can introduce your last point or final thoughts.

Example: “Finally, it’s worth noting that individual actions, when combined, can have a significant impact on reducing carbon emissions.”

Emphasizes the most important takeaway from your essay.

Example: “Ultimately, the success of any environmental policy depends on the collective effort of governments, businesses, and individuals.”

This phrase is perfect for providing a brief overview of your main arguments.

Example: “In summary, we’ve discussed the benefits of exercise, including improved physical health, mental well-being, and increased longevity.”

When using transition words to conclude your essay, it’s important to choose options that fit your writing style and tone. Here are some tips for using transition words effectively in your conclusion:

• Vary your transitions: Don’t rely solely on “In conclusion” to start your final paragraph. Mix it up with other transition words to keep your writing fresh and engaging.
• Use transitions that match your tone: If you’ve maintained a formal tone throughout your essay, stick with transitions like “In conclusion” or “To summarize.” For a more casual tone, you can opt for phrases like “All things considered” or “When all is said and done.”
• Avoid introducing new information: Your conclusion should summarize and reinforce your main points, not introduce new ideas. Use transition words to guide your reader through this recap.
• Connect back to your introduction: If possible, use a transition that allows you to refer back to your opening paragraph, creating a full-circle effect.
• Be concise: Your conclusion should be relatively brief. Use transition words to help summarize your main points efficiently.

Here’s an extended example of how you might use transition words in a conclusion:

“In conclusion, we’ve explored the multifaceted impact of social media on modern society. From its influence on personal relationships to its role in shaping political discourse, it’s clear that social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. To sum up, while social media offers unprecedented connectivity and information sharing, it also presents challenges such as privacy concerns and the spread of misinformation. Ultimately, the responsible use of social media platforms lies in the hands of both users and developers. Finally, as we continue to navigate this digital landscape, it’s crucial to remain mindful of both the benefits and pitfalls of social media and strive for a balanced approach in our online interactions.”

By mastering the use of transition words in your conclusion, you ensure that your essay ends on a strong note, leaving your reader with a clear understanding of your main arguments and a lasting impression of your writing skills.

Transition Words Associated with AI: Overuse and Alternatives

As artificial intelligence becomes more prevalent in content creation, certain transition words and phrases have become telltale signs of AI-generated text. While these transitions are not inherently problematic, their overuse can make writing feel robotic and less natural. Here are some transitions that AI commonly overuses, along with alternatives and advice for more organic writing:

• “Moreover” and “Furthermore”: AI tends to rely heavily on these words to add information. Instead, try using “In addition,” “Also,” or simply starting a new sentence without a transition.
• “However” and “Nevertheless”: While useful for contrasts, these can become repetitive. Alternatives include “Yet,” “Still,” or “On the other hand.”
• “Therefore” and “Thus”: AI often uses these for conclusions. Mix it up with “As a result,” “Consequently,” or by rephrasing to show cause and effect without an explicit transition.
• “Firstly,” “Secondly,” and “Lastly”: These sequential transitions are AI favorites but can feel mechanical. Instead, use “To begin with,” “Next,” or “Finally,” or simply omit them when the sequence is clear from context.
• In conclusion”: This phrase is a red flag for AI-generated content . Try “To sum up,” “In summary,” or a more specific concluding statement relevant to your topic.

To avoid overusing these common transitions, focus on creating a logical flow with the ideas presented rather than relying on explicit transition words. Vary sentence structures and use contextual cues to guide the reader. When transitions are necessary, choose options that sound natural in conversation and fit the tone of your writing.

By being mindful of AI tendencies and employing a diverse range of transitions – or sometimes no transition at all – you can craft more authentic and engaging writing that resonates with human readers.

Tools like SEOwind are designed to help writers create more natural, human-like content that avoids these AI pitfalls. By using SEOwind to write long-form content , you ensure that your transitions are varied, appropriate, and sound more organic. This tool helps you strike the right balance between using necessary transitions and maintaining a natural flow in your writing.

Best Practices for Seamlessly Incorporating Transition Words

• Understand the purpose: Before using a transition word, make sure you understand its function. Is it to contrast, add information, or show cause and effect? Choosing the proper transition for the context is crucial.
• Don’t overuse: While transitions are important, using too many can make your writing feel forced or choppy. Use them judiciously to maintain a natural flow.
• Vary your transitions: Avoid repetition by using a variety of transition words. This keeps your writing engaging and demonstrates your linguistic abilities.
• Place transitions strategically: Transitions can be used at the beginning of sentences, between clauses, or even between paragraphs. Experiment with placement to find what works best for your essay.
• Consider your audience: The level of formality in your transitions should match your audience and the essay’s purpose. Academic writing should use more formal transitions, while a personal essay can employ more casual options.
• Read aloud: After incorporating transitions, read your essay aloud. This can help you identify any awkward phrasing or unnatural transitions.

Improving Your Writing with the Right Transitions

Mastering the art of using transition words can significantly enhance the clarity and flow of your writing. However, it’s not just about knowing what transition words are; you need to use them effectively. Let’s explore some common mistakes, how to avoid them, and tips for choosing the ideal transitions for any context.

Identifying Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

• Overuse of transitions: While transitions are important, too many can make your writing feel awkward and unnatural. A study found that 72% of customers will share their good experiences with others. This means that readers are more likely to share well-written content. To avoid overuse, aim for a balance where transitions enhance readability without overwhelming the text.
• Misusing transitions: The wrong transition word can confuse your reader and disrupt the flow of your argument, such as using “however” when you’re adding to a point rather than contrasting it. To avoid this, always double-check the meaning and context of your chosen transition.
• Relying on the same transitions: Just as 67% of customers report a terrible customer experience as the reason for switching businesses, readers might disengage if your writing becomes repetitive. Vary your transitions to keep your writing fresh and engaging.
• Placing transitions incorrectly: Transitions should logically connect ideas. Misplacing them can lead to confusion. Always ensure your transition words for essay paragraphs are positioned where they most effectively link ideas.
• Ignoring the need for transitions: Some writers underestimate the importance of transitions, leading to disjointed writing. In 2020, 87% of consumers read online reviews for local businesses, highlighting the importance of clear, well-structured writing in all contexts.

Tips for Choosing the Appropriate Transitional Phrase for Any Context

• Understand the relationship between ideas: Before choosing a transition, clearly identify how your ideas relate to each other. Are you adding information, contrasting points, or showing cause and effect?
• Consider your audience: Your readers will appreciate transitions that help them quickly understand your points. Choose transitions that match your audience’s level of understanding and the formality of your writing.
• Read your writing aloud: This can help you identify where transitions are needed and whether they sound natural. They should provide quick, clear connections between ideas.
• Use transition words as signposts: Guide your reader through your argument or narrative. For example, “First,” “Second,” and “Finally” can clearly structure your points.
• Balance specificity and variety: While it’s good to use specific transitions (e.g., “In contrast” rather than just “But”), you should also aim for variety to keep your writing engaging.
• Consider the scope of your transition: Some transitions work well between sentences, while others are better suited for linking paragraphs or larger sections of your essay.
• Revise and refine: After writing your first draft, go back and review your transitions. Are they all necessary? Do they effectively link your ideas? Refine your choices to ensure each transition serves a clear purpose.

Using transition words effectively is about more than just inserting them into your writing. You should create a smooth, logical flow of ideas that guides your reader through your argument or narrative and work together to resolve any potential confusion in your writing.

By avoiding common mistakes and following these tips for choosing appropriate transitional phrases, you can significantly improve the clarity and effectiveness of your writing. Practice and conscious effort in using transitions will help you develop this crucial skill, enhancing your ability to communicate your ideas clearly and persuasively in any context.

Kate Kandefer

Entrepreneur passionate about scaling SaaS companies on a global B2B stage. My expertise in AI, SEO, and Content Marketing is my toolkit for driving tangible results. I'm a hands-on executor guided by results, deeply passionate about marketing, and skilled at aligning business objectives with people's needs and motivations. With a pragmatic mindset. My approach is all about clarity, efficiency, and open dialogue.

Table of Contents

• 1 What are Transition Words?
• 2 Detailed Classification of Transition Words with Examples
• 3 Transition words for introduction with examples
• 4 Transition words for paragraph with examples
• 5 Transition words for conclusion with Examples
• 6 Transition Words Associated with AI: Overuse and Alternatives
• 7 Improving Your Writing with the Right Transitions

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How to Use Transitions in an Essay

Published by Alaxendra Bets at August 18th, 2021 , Revised On August 22, 2023

Not sure how to use transition words for essays? Unable to figure out where you can place transition words within an essay? Here is all you need to know about transitions in an  essay .

We overlook the importance of transitions in an essay. While the essayists themselves can see all the connections between the  topic ,  paragraphs ,  topic sentences ,  introduction ,  main body,  and  conclusion , it’s usually not the case for the readers who generally struggle to figure out how it all fits together, particularly if no transition words or sentences are used.

So if you are worried about your readers being unable to see the relationships and connections that may seem obvious to you, then you might want to learn to use transitions in academic writing.

Remember that it is vitally important to see your writing from the readers’ perspective to  achieve the grade you have worked so hard for .

A clear understanding of the connection in an essay is of utmost importance, but to do so, you will need to relate what you are saying to what you have already said previously.

Here are some techniques to enable you to get your readers to follow your design of writing.

The Known-new Contract Technique

One common way to help your readers establish connections is to make use of the known-new contract technique. This method takes into consideration both cohesion between  sentences  and agreement of topic matter.

With the known-new contract, you will need to think through the sequence of information in a sentence, which you can achieve by following the below three rules;

• Start each new sentence by mentioning the information that the preceding sentence ended with.
• Each sentence should end by reflecting on a new piece of information.
• Avoid starting sentences with new information.

If you can expertly incorporate this technique in your writing, your readers will undoubtedly understand any new piece of information with familiarity with the context.

With this writing style, you will link new information with old information without additional effort.

Can you see the use of a known-new contract in the below paragraph?

Each sentence in your essay should begin with information that the previous sentence ended by reflecting on a new piece of information.

If you can expertly and consistently integrate new information with old information, your readers will undoubtedly understand any new information with familiarity with the context.

As you can see in the above example, the second sentence starts concerning the first sentence’s information. So the readers can easily understand the relationship between the two sentences.

However, if the two sentences do not have the same topic matter, the cohesion between them will break, which will result in the two sentences appearing detached and unrelated.

Use of Transition Words and Phrases 

The known-new contract ensures the most natural and effective transitions in an essay. However, if the known-new contract doesn’t seem to work for you, there are other ways to achieve an effective transition between sentences and  paragraphs , such as the use of transition words and phrases.

There are four significant types of transitions words and phrases;

• Signposting phrases such as first of all, for instance, in this example, etc.
• Conjunctive adverbs such as moreover, instead, thus, however, furthermore, etc.
• Relative pronouns such as that, who, who, whomever, whoever, when, what, etc.
• Subordinating conjunctions such as since, unless, when, until, so that, and so, how, if, because, therefore, after, although, etc.

All transition words and phrases indicate the connection between what you are saying and what’s already been said previously.

As a writer, you will need to make appropriate use of these words and phrases to establish the relationship between sentences, particularly when the relationship between  sentences  doesn’t seem to be clear in the first place.

Combine Similar Information 

Another way to ensure the readers find your writing easy to understand is to combine similar information within the essay. By now, you might have noticed that the use of transition words and the known-new contract technique adds to the document’s word count (because both these methods repeat known information at the beginning of sentences).

So a natural way to limit the use of new words is to eliminate the need for transition words, which you can typically achieve by combining similar information into one segment in the essay.

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Paragraph Transitions

Transitioning between paragraphs will require you to place the transitions at the beginnings of the new paragraph.

Avoid using transitions at the end of the preceding paragraphs because, in ideal circumstances, you want each  paragraph of your essay  to focus on one aspect of your  essay topic . This will also allow you to combine similar information together (as we just learned above).

Transitions are forward-looking in nature, which means they give an insight into what is to follow or the topic matter that new paragraphs and sentences will incorporate. Using a transition at the start of new paragraph signals focus on the content matter of the new paragraph.

Unlike transitions between sentences that establish a connection between sentences, transitions in paragraphs focus on developing the relationship between the old and the new paragraph.

For this very reason, transitioning between paragraphs will require you to shed light on the central argument in the previous paragraph and relate it to the information provided in the present paragraph.

Here are a few things for you to consider when writing a paragraph transition;

• Is the new paragraph continuation of a related point discussed in the previous paragraph?
• Does the new paragraph extract or deduce some information from the preceding paragraph?
• Does it second the argument presented in the previous paragraph or offer a counter perspective?

Also Read: How Long is an Essay in Academic Writing?

Final Thoughts!

We have learned to use transition words and phrases in this article, but occasionally you may need to write full transition sentences. This is especially true for  longer  academic writing pieces, such as a dissertation where you might not express the transitions clearly with the help of transition words and phrases.

While you want to be as concise as possible, you cannot compromise the clarity of transitions.

So if you are unable to transition using words and phrases with clarity, it will make sense to write a full transition sentence. Similarly, if a transition sentence doesn’t do the job, you can consider writing a transition paragraph.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are transition words and examples.

Transition words are phrases that link ideas, enhancing the flow of writing. Examples:

• Addition : Furthermore, in addition, moreover.
• Contrast : However, on the other hand, yet.
• Cause-Effect : Therefore, as a result, consequently.
• Comparison : Similarly, likewise, in the same way.
• Conclusion : In conclusion, to sum up, ultimately.
• Time : Meanwhile, subsequently, eventually. These words guide readers through your text, making it coherent and organised.

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What are topic sentences? In academic writing they briefly describe what a paragprah will explore. Here is all you need to know about topic sentences.

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The paragraphs in the main body of an essay is where you develop the central argument. Here is all you need to know about how to write paragraph for essay.

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A well-structured essay is important as it enhances readability, ensures logical flow, and effectively communicates the main ideas. When your essay is clearly organised it helps the reader understand and retain the essay's key points.

A typical assignment has an introduction, a main body and a conclusion. The purpose of the introduction is to signpost everything that a reader can expect from the assignment. The main body is where this will be delivered, and the conclusion provides a summary of the main points, perhaps guiding us to further reading or investigation.

A high-quality essay is composed of high-quality sentences. This page focuses on rules for writing complete sentences that flow together to create a well written academic piece.

Common errors in structure

This guide highlights common errors in structure and argument, and gives you a short explanation of what you can do to avoid them. 

The Ultimate Guide to Cause and Effect Essay Structure for Beginners

Cause-and-effect essays are used in academic writing to analyse the reasons for and potential consequences of the problem. However, crafting a properly organised essay may be problematic for beginners. With the right information, they can present their thoughts in their writing and provide a chance for readers to understand the concept from two different aspects.

As far as the framework is concerned, students need to make an effort to compose a good essay that will convince readers of their arguments. After analysing this article, you’ll better comprehend the cause-and-effect essay structure. So, let’s start reading in detail:

7 Tips to Structure a Cause-and-Effect Essay

Beginners should comprehend the cause-and-effect essay structure to discuss the connection between acts and their effects. If you are also looking for ways to organise ideas in your essay, this article is for you. This guide will help you write an essay structure and teach you how to craft a comprehensive paper. Go through the tips mentioned below to get a clear idea of an essay structure.

Continue reading to get a deep understanding of the recommendations for writing a compelling paper.

1. Choose a Topic

For novices, deciding on an appropriate subject matter is crucial for cause-and-effect essay structure. It is important to consider the right topic because it makes the writing interesting. Following are some tips for beginners on how to choose a topic:

• Follow a motivational topic based on your observation.
• Take up a subject matter that is relevant to your day-to-day life or something that has happened recently.
• Make sure to address the reasons and the consequences appropriately.
• Ensure that the subject is neither too narrow nor too broad.

Cause and Effects Essay Topics

A well-selected topic can make it less difficult to write a coherent paper taking into consideration efficient research of reasons and outcomes. Below are a few examples of essay topics:

• The Outcomes of a Nutritious Food Plan on Intellectual, Physical and Mental Health.
• Impact of Advertising on Social Media on Consumer Purchase Decisions.
• The Association Between Adults’ Smartphone Use and Sleep Quality.
• Emotional Health of Adolescents Affected by Using Cyberbullying.
• The Connection Between Household Air Quality and Indoor Plants.
• Effect of Extreme Gaming on School Students’ Academic Performance.

2. Determine the Focus

It is crucial to pick out the essay’s attention whilst organising a cause-and-effect essay structure to create a clear and compelling argument. The particular facet of the subject that the author wishes to investigate and assess is referred to as the paper’s main focus. The writer should think about taking the following actions to decide on the focus:

Important Things to Keep in Mind While Choosing the Focus

• If you need to explain why something happens, concentrate absolutely on the reasons.
• You should pay complete attention to the consequences if describing the results of a pastime is your foremost goal.
• Your thesis should indicate whether you will discuss reasons, outcomes, or each.
• The focus should be on identifying and addressing new causes in each paragraph.
• The paragraph should focus on a positive result if the focus is on consequences.

3. Write an Engaging Introduction

Writing a compelling opening is important for a well-organised cause-and-effect essay structure, specifically for college beginners. The introduction establishes the tone and gives the reader a route to follow, acting as the main factor in the whole document. In addition, to grab the reader’s attention a sturdy opening clarifies the subject, the causes and results.

Consider the following components while writing a cause-and-effect essay introduction:

Grab the reader’s attention right after starting your essay with a strong hook statement. It should engage the reader and provide an insight into the subject being discussed.

Background Information

Give a few historical facts on the problem, along with any required clarifications. This facilitates the reader and writer coming to a shared information.

Statement of the Thesis

Establish the essay’s thesis argument.

Summary of the Key Points

Give a concise summary of the primary ideas, in conjunction with the causes and results.

Conclude the introduction with a sentence that skilfully guides the reader into the essay’s body.

4. Organise Body Paragraphs by Cause or Effect

It is vital to set body paragraphs in a cause-and-effect essay structure to give a coherent and convincing thesis. By assigning a purpose or impact to every paragraph, this method makes it easier for the reader to see how the argument makes sense.

Below are a few suggestions for arranging body paragraphs according to cause or effect:

●       Paragraphs With a Cause

The writer needs to explain a specific reason for the topic in these paragraphs, helping the statement with examples and evidence.

●       Paragraphs With an Effect

The writer examines the effects of the concern in these paragraphs.

Another essential aspect is the paragraphs’ arrangement. It is usually really helpful to address the causes first and then the results. So, the reader will find it easier to understand the reasoning and a clean cause-and-effect setup. In addition, this guarantees that the writer would not stray from the important factors. In a few cases, beginners are not good at tackling complex reasons and impacts while structuring the paper. They may hire experienced essay writers in the UK for help in crafting a comprehensive document.

5. Support with Evidence

A cause-and-effect essay must be structured with supporting details to back up your assertions. The evidence can take many different forms, including data, professional judgment, firsthand accounts of historical events, and personal experiences. Furthermore, the secret is to prove the cause-and-effect causal relationship using pertinent and reliable sources.

The following advice can assist beginners in establishing their reasons and impact using evidence:

• Determine the origin and the consequence
• Investigate and collect evidence
• Employ transitional words and phrases
• Arrange the evidence you have got
• Employ stories and instances
• Respond to refutations
• Finish with a synopsis

6. Transition Between Ideas

For fresh students, transitioning between ideas is an essential point of establishing a cause-and-effect essay structure. The essay flows coherently because it facilitates the writer to make logical connections between their ideas. In addition, the well-written transitions in a document help the readers understand the writer’s reasoning and the connections between reasons and effects.

Beginners can use a variety of techniques to create easy transitions:

Employ Transitional Words and Phrases

Students should use transitional words to attach ideas. Examples of such words and phrases include “but,” “further,” “within the meantime,” and “consequently.”

Repetition of Crucial Phrases and Terms

Using critical phrases and terms again and again in a paper fosters coherence and strengthens the links.

Make Use of Pronouns and Synonyms

Pronouns and synonyms can create more attractive and countless writing styles.

Use Transitional Sentences

Use transitional sentences to create a continuing transition among ideas. Moreover, college students may use these sentences to introduce a new subject and summarise it.

Employ Logical Connections

Use analytical connections to attach reasons and effects and make the relationships among them. Logical connectors like “due to the fact” and “as a result” may be used to attach reasons and results.

By transitioning among ideas, beginners can create a well-structured cause-and-effect essay that effectively communicates their thoughts. Furthermore, the writers engage the readers by incorporating these tactics into their writing.

7. Conclude by Summarising the Main Points

The key ideas are summarised at the end to organise the cause-and-impact structure essay. To make a long-lasting effect and enhance the reader’s comprehension of the problem, this phase is essential.

Moreover, the argument needs to be restated within the conclusion, with an emphasis on the principal causes and consequences covered in the essay. This method aims to offer a concise comprehension of the primary ideas without the need to read the whole essay.

Summarise the critical factors to your conclusion phase with the aid of following the under-stated recommendations:

• Restate the main idea of the thesis.
• Emphasise the primary reasons and consequences.
• Refrain from offering fresh information.
• Employ clear and concise language.
• Conclude with a provocative quote.

These are the essential points that determine the structure of the cause and effect essay. With the support of these suggestions, you can craft a good piece of writing. However, if you feel reluctant to do it yourself, we suggest you buy your essay online from reliable sources.

Cause and Effect Essay Example

Review an example of a cause-and-effect essay from YourDictionary :

Final Thought

To write understandable and convincing papers, beginners must excel in the cause-and-effect essay structure. Adopting a methodical approach requires inspecting the connections between reasons and their results. In addition, this enhances the essential questioning capabilities and aids in the clear presentation of ideas.

Beginners will discover that writing a well-written paper becomes less difficult after comprehending these suggestions. A properly-supported essay efficiently communicates arguments to readers by emphasising reasons and results.

Hence, this makes it easier for the readers to understand the argument. Finally, with effort, beginners may reach their writing objectives and express their thoughts with precision and clarity while writing a cause-and-effect essay.

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From college community to career path

Joyce kim, an advanced doctoral student in sociology and education, wants to know what motivates undergraduates—especially those who are the first in their families to attend college—to choose the career trajectories that they do..

“When we write our college admissions essays, we often talk about wanting to change the world, which suggests a whole array of career paths,” says Ph.D. candidate in sociology and education Joyce Kim . “But I wondered how it is that students end up getting funneled into these very specific careers.” That question informs Kim’s current research, which examines the college-to-career transition, with a focus on how race and class affect students’ decision-making.

When she first applied to Penn’s doctoral program, her plan was to study cross-racial student activism on college campuses—an interest that stemmed from her involvement with student minority coalitions when she was in college—but her earlier questions about career choices kept bubbling up. Ultimately, those questions set her on her current path. Her dissertation, which she is just beginning, will examine the different ways inequality can factor into the college-to-career transition.

Kim interviewed 62 students at a highly selective college she calls “Eastwood” (a pseudonym) about their career plans. About half the students in the study identified as first-generation and low-income (FGLI) and half as middle class. And, Kim says, because most research on FGLI students has focused on white, Black, and Latinx students, she intentionally sought out Asian students as part of the FGLI group.

She identified, for instance, what she calls “objections based on a value of social good,” such as the desire to avoid working for companies perceived as responsible for some kind of social harm. But she says it was primarily those in her study who identified as Asian and Black FGLI students whose interview responses cited these objections.

For some FGLI students, however, financial considerations took precedence, pitting their social objections against a sense of obligation to family or to their ethnic or racial community. “I found that the Asian and Black students more often cited these familial and ethnoracial obligations as part of why they wanted to pursue certain careers,” Kim says.

Kim’s dissertation fieldwork, beginning this fall, will expand on the Eastwood and club studies to look more deeply into various mechanisms of inequality in the college-to-labor market transition and how they differ by students’ backgrounds—particularly race, class, and gender—and institutional setting. She’ll conduct interviews at one private, highly selective institution and one public, broad-access institution.

“It’s a big umbrella,” she says. “I’ll be looking at what factors either facilitate or impede upward mobility in the college-to-career transition.”

Kim says she hopes her research will have tangible applications. She would like campus staff, faculty, and administrators to be more cognizant of considerations beyond “finding a passion,” such as family needs and other motivations, when advising students. She also hopes that her research can encourage policymakers to take a holistic approach in national conversations about the college-to-career transition.

This story is by Jane Carroll. Read more at Omnia .

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