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• 3 Year PhD Programs

Accelerated PhD Programs

You may want to complete a doctoral degree. Yet, many doctoral programs often take 4 to 6 years to complete. That may seem like a long time to remain in school. Completing a 3 year PhD programs may be a possibility.

What is a 3 Year PhD programs?

Students wishing to complete their final degree in higher education may wish to pursue a 3 year PhD program. Like any other doctoral degree, it aims to provide a high level of education in the selected field of study. Some universities and colleges offer the option to condense the education required into three years instead of the typical path. The coursework may be similar, but the format, density of courses, and timeline could differ.

Earning a doctorate is a big commitment, no matter what path the student takes. For those who wish to get into the field sooner, a shorter educational path may be a good fit for their goals. Not all higher education providers offer this path because of how comprehensive and consuming it may be. It may enable students who thrive in academia to pursue their goals more fully and with more direction.

The type of work completed ranges from each program. Some examples of how these programs operate may include:

• Independent learning
• 11 month learning paths instead of summertime breaks
• More one-on-one mentoring with faculty
• Time for dissertation research
• Participation in research groups
• Online or on-campus education
• Peer support opportunities
• Student collaboration opportunities

Students may enroll in smaller class sizes in some programs. Other schools often focus on providing students with more in-depth learning through lectures, research, and hands-on learning from home solely. The key to remember is that doctorate study work is often time consuming and requires a strong focus on education. That may make tasks like working during this education a bit more challenging.

There are many educational paths offering an accelerated PhD Programs. Some initial examples may include:

• Doctor of education (ED.D and educational leadership focus)
• Doctoral degree programs in healthcare and health sciences (a range of options including DNP, occupational therapy, and Ph.D. in nursing)
• Doctorate programs business fields including organizational leadership, humanities, and the DBA
• Doctorate programs in criminal justice

Is earning a Ph.D fast beneficial? This really depends on your specific needs. Many people may want to start in a career that requires a doctorate degree. Others may wish to see advancement in their existing program but their employer may not allow for it until they complete their education. For some, it is about adding those added credentials to their resume that makes it worth exploring this path way.

There are a few things to know about these fast paced educational programs:

• Different requirements for different programs: A school of nursing program is often different than one for computer science. Expect the coursework, format, and requirements to differ, too.
• Most people may spend more time in their doctorate program when it is an accelerated class. There is often more work to do in a shorter timeframe. That could mean more dedication to their education, in most cases.
• Many accelerated Ph.D. programs may be available online. Fully online programs often require less time working in a hands-on fashion. Some 3 year programs may require more in person work and are completed on campus as a result.
• Students may still have ample control over what their learn. You may have flexibility in pursuing specific topics that interest you and your future career goals.
• Not all schools offer this format. It is often an intensive course. It may also not fit their specific school’s setup.

Compare schools and programs carefully. Be sure to learn more about the curriculum expected. Compare a few options to find one that works for your needs. Online Ph.D. programs could make this a bit easier to do especially for students who do not wish to live on campus.

Examples of schools offering a 3 Year Ph.D.

Here are just a few schools that may offer a 3 year doctorate program. Others may be available as well.

University of Florida

• Latin and Roman Studies
• Classical Civilization
• Nursing Practice

University of Missouri

• Human Environmental Sciences
• Educational Leadership
• Occupational Therapy

University of North Dakota

• Biomedical Engineering
• Electrical Engineering
• Energy Engineering
• Environmental Engineering
• Petroleum Engineering

Hampton University

• Business Administration
• Educational Management
• Philosophy in Nursing
• Counselor Education and Supervision

What is the difference of an Accelerated PhD Program?

An accelerated PhD program is typically much like a 3 year PhD program. The difference is that some accelerated programs may be longer than three years. Like a 3 year program, the schools offering it often condense the education a student receives into a shorter period of time. However, students may still need to learn the depth of education necessary to achieve their educational goals.

Some programs may allow students to move from a bachelor’s degree into a PhD degree within 7 to 8 years. Typically, a bachelor’s degree takes 4 years to complete. This is followed often by a master’s degree, which requires another 2 years of study at least. Then, students wishing to complete a doctorate degree in the typical fashion could spend 4 or more years doing so. An accelerated program may enable students to complete their education in a shorter period of time.

Students typically need to increase their coursework each term. They may also need to complete courses during the summer months or otherwise off season. This fast track option often enables students to get into their field faster.

Students need to carefully consider each program and school to determine what is offered. These accelerated programs may be less formal in terms of their structure. That means some programs could be faster than others. Some doctorate programs may require more time spent on campus. Others are fully an online Ph.D. This range may make comparing programs a bit more difficult.

How long does an Accelerated PhD Program Take?

An accelerated PhD program often requires fewer credit hours of study than a traditional PhD program, which may reduce the time spent completing the program to 3 years. This depends on the course of study itself. It also may be dependent on the structure of the program set by the university.

Traditional PhD programs typically take 8.2 years to complete. A professional doctorate program may be completed in about 5.9 years. However, an accelerated online PhD program may be able to be completed in as little as 3 years.

Traditional PhD programs aim to focus on academic research. They also often focus on theoretical studies. Professional doctorate programs are a bit different. Students typically use existing research in these programs. They often apply that research to current, real world problems. This may reduce the amount of time spent on research. That’s why these programs may shave off more than 2 years of study.

Quality online doctoral programs may offer a bit of a difference. The classes might be shorter. They often pack a large amount of information in them. Students may find it requires more self paced learning. These programs may also focus on using existing research. Students may still be focused on solving real world challenges within these programs. Most often, accelerated PhD programs may require full time study. The difference is that they are fully online. This may create more flexibility for students.

It may also be important to consider the amount of commitment a person needs to put into an accelerated program. The program length is shorter. That does not always mean there is less to learn. More often, a student may need to spend longer hours during their educational year to gain the information and skills necessary to complete licensing exams or earn their PhD candidacy.

Is it worth getting a PhD?

Making the decision to enroll in graduate school is often a personal one. Doctoral students do so for many reasons. This may include learning more about topics they enjoy. Some students may study in these programs because they want to reach new goals set by their employers. Still others complete an online Ph.D. to change the course of their career.

Consider some of the reasons one may think about getting a doctorate degree.

Career and employment prospects

In some fields completing a PhD may be recommended or encouraged. This depends on many factors. Students should consider their specific goals and skill development. Some employers may require this type of higher education to hire a study as one of their qualifications.

Career advancement

Some students may enroll in graduate school because their employer wants them to enhance their education or pursue a related field. This may be necessary for advancement within these programs. Students may wish to speak to their human resource department or manager to determine if this is a benefit to them.

Research focus

Some students may complete their graduate school education immediately after completing their master’s degree. Those who wish to work in academia may find research in their field to be a big draw. They may wish to complete original research. They may wish to work on new research projects that interest them. In this case, working towards a Ph.D degree could be worthwhile to those students.

Special education

Some students might complete their degree to enable them to earn specific, special education in a topic or area that interests them. This may allow them to devote more time to gaining high level of skills in these areas. For those passionate about a project, topic, or path, doctorate level education often allows them to pursue it with a more flexible and open schedule instead of one course after another. This could give them the leeway they need to pursue education where they like.

What should I consider for Admission Requirements for a 3 Year PhD Program?

Graduate programs may set admission requirements independently. This may include a range of prerequisite education. Online doctorate studies may be a bit different from some in-person programs. To learn the admission requirements the PhD program of your interest, be sure to request information from the school of your choice.

Some examples of admission requirements may include:

• Admission into the school
• GPA may be considered
• GRE may be necessary (some programs do not require a GRE)
• Prerequisite studies in the
• Letters of recommendation
• Licensing, depending on the course path
• Statement of Purpose
• Formal application and fees
• College and university transcripts

Students may need to meet other requirements. Each university might offer a different set of rules for applying. Also, each Ph.D program may have requirements for applicants to meet before they enroll.

Salary and Job Outlook

PhD students may find themselves graduating with the educational requirements associated with a range of careers. This may include areas such as social work, public health, or mental health, among many others. Take a look at some of the potential ways an online doctoral degree might apply to career goals.

Computer and Information Research Scientist

A computer and information research scientist create new uses for upcoming and current technology. This is primarily a full time position. The expected growth for this career is 23% through 2032 according to the BLS . The median salary for this position is $136,620 per year and in most cases, requires a minimum of a masters degree.

Postsecondary teachers

A postsecondary teacher or professor works at a college or university as an educator. This may be a part time or full time position. The expected growth for this career is 8% through 2032 according to the BLS . The median salary for this position is $80,840 per year and in most cases, requires a minimum of a masters degree to teach at a community college.

Wildlife Biologist

A zoologist or wildlife biologist studies animals and wildlife in offices, labs, or outdoors. This is a full time position. The expected growth for this career is 1% through 2031 according to the BLS . The median salary for this position is $64,650 per year and in most cases, requires a minimum of a bachelors degree, however for a PhD is needed for most research positions.

Statistician

A mathematician or statistician analyzes data and develops techniques based on the data to solve problems. This is a full time position. The expected growth for this career is 30% through 2032 according to the BLS . The median salary for this position is $99,960 per year and in most cases, requires a minimum of a masters degree.

It is Accreditation Important for Accelerated PhD Programs?

Accreditation may be important for many people completing a PhD program. It often varies from one area of study to the next. Those earning a 3 year PhD in computer science may need accreditation from a different provider than one earning a Doctor of Business Administration degree. Consider some of the doctoral degree programs below and their accrediting bodies.

Doctor of Nursing Practice

To take the NCLEX, which is the licensing exam for nurses, students must attend an accredited school. Look for accreditation from the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). This organization often ensures students studying to work in nursing sciences have a curriculum and instruction to prepare them. The NCLEX requires students to complete an education in this field. A Ph.D. in nursing from an accredited school may enable students to sit for this exam. DNP educational paths might differ widely to get a student to this point.

Computer Science

Those completing a doctoral degree in computer science may wish to look for a school with ABET accreditation.

Criminal Justice

Those completing a degree in criminal justice may wish to seek out accreditation from the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (ACJS).

Doctor of Business Administration

Those completing a doctoral degree in business studies may wish to seek out accredited programs from the Academy of Business Administration.

Is there a Scholarships for Accelerated PhD Programs?

Completing a 3 year program often means taking on expense from college education. Some students may be able to reduce costs through scholarship programs. Many schools offering graduate programs may also offer financial aid support. Financial aid may be available to those who qualify.

Take a look at some scholarship options that may help some doctoral candidates with funding their

M. Hildred Blewett Scholarship

Scholarship Value: Valued up to $45,000 Deadline: June 1 Requirements:

• Identify as female
• Current US or Canadian Citizen
• Working towards a PhD
• Letter of recommendation
• Application
• Personal Statement
• Letter of institutional support

Description: This award is designed to help women transitioning back to a career in physics research. The award may be used for expenses such as independent care, tuition, travel, and equipment fees.

• Earn your degree from a university with a “Whole Human Education” approach that focuses on assisting you in all aspects of your education: academic, emotional, career, financial, and family.
• Choose from 75+ programs: Whether you’re starting fresh or seeking advancement, our career-focused programs are designed to help you make an impact in your chosen field.
• National University is regionally accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission (WSCUC).

ALA Century Scholarship

Scholarship Value: $2,500 non renewable Deadline: March 1 Requirements:

• US or International student
• Major in Library Science
• US or Canadian Citizen
• Must be a student with a disability
• School must be accredited by the American Library Association
• Application form
• Three references
• Official transcript
• Personal statement

Description: This is a non renewable scholarship intended for a student pursuing an advanced degree in Library Science. The student must be disables or have a disability in order to qualify, with financial need also playing a factor.

NSF Graduate Research Fellowship

Scholarship Value: $46,000 one time award Deadline: November 1 Requirements:

• Us Citizen or permanent resident
• Enrolled full time
• Must be in a STEM Program

Description: This is a one time award that is designed to aid those students pursuing an advanced STEM degree. The award has been around since 1952.

Moss Adams Foundation Scholarship

Scholarship Value: $1,000 non renewable scholarship Deadline: April 30 Requirements:

• Major in Accounting
• Attend an accredited school
• Proof of financial need

Description:   This is a one time $1,000 scholarship fort a female accounting student pursuing an advanced degree. The award is given to a student based on a number of criteria including financial need.

Beinecke Scholarship

Scholarship Value: $34,000 non renewable scholarship Deadline: February 9 Requirements:

• Attend a participating college or university
• Minimum 3.5 GPA
• Pursue an upper level degree in arts, humanities, or social sciences
• Full time student
• Current college junior planning to pursue an advanced degree
• Formal nomination
• Three letters of recommendation
• Financial data sheet

Description: This is a one time award for current college juniors who are going to continue studies in grad school. Must be attending and be nominated by a partner school and pursuing a degree in the arts, humanities, or social sciences.

Legal Opportunity Scholarship

Scholarship Value: $15,000 renewable scholarship for up to three years Deadline: May 1 Requirements:

• US citizen or permanent resident
• Racially and ethnically diverse student
• In first year of law school
• Two letters of recommendation
• Federal income tax forms
• Minimum 2.5 GPA

Description: This is a renewable scholarship for first year law students. It may be renewable for up to three years for a total of $15,000. Applicants need to be ethnically and racially diverse.

Women Techmakers Scholars Program

Scholarship Value: $10,000 non renewable scholarship Deadline: December 5 Requirements:

• International or US student
• Record of academic excellence
• Computer Science or Computer engineering major
• Full time student in US or Canada
• Must be an undergraduate or graduate student
• Recommendation letter

Description: This is a $10,000 non renewable scholarship. Applicants may be considered based on academic record and responses to short answer essay questions.

National Black Nurses Association Scholarship

Scholarship Value: $3,500 one time non renewable scholarship Deadline: April 15 Requirements:

• Pursuing a degree in nursing
• African American
• Member of NBNA
• Currently enrolled in nursing program with at least one year left

Description: This is a one time scholarship awarded to students in good academic standing. Applicants must be members of the National Black Nurses Association (NBNA).

The Point Foundation Scholarship

Scholarship Value: $19,200 one time non renewable scholarship Deadline: January 25 Requirements:

• US or international student
• Member of LGBTQ or history of leadership and dedication to LGBTQ community
• Must be a student at the time of application

Description: This is a one time nonrenewable scholarship. It is for students who are in or provide support and leadership for the LGBTQ community. Finalists for this award must interview with the Point’s Board of Regents.

Citizens Bank Graduate Scholarship

Scholarship Value: $5,000 one time non renewable scholarship Deadline: June 30 Requirements:

• Legal US resident
• Enrolled as a graduate student

Description: This is a one time scholarship that is awarded directly to the school. The essay is the primary form that may be used in determining the winner of this award. 

Ready to learn more? With a wide range of opportunities available, students interested in a Ph.D. that’s completed in 3 years may find a range of options in their selected field of study. Compare a few to find one that works for each of your need and goals.

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• The PhD Journey - Stages of a Doctoral Degree

The PhD Journey

Written by Mark Bennett

A PhD typically involves between three and four years of full-time study, culminating in a thesis which makes an original contribution to your field.

The process of getting a PhD is made up of quite a few components and milestones, from the literature review and writing up your dissertation right through to the viva examination at the end.

This section is a guide on how to do a PhD, providing in-depth advice and information on some of the main challenges and opportunities you’ll meet along the way!.

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7 stages of the PhD journey

A PhD has a few landmark milestones along the way. The three to four year you'll spend doing a PhD can be divided into these seven stages.

• Preparing a research proposal
• Carrying out a literature review
• Conducting research and collecting results
• Completing the MPhil to PhD upgrade
• Participating in PhD teaching, conferences and publications
• Writing your thesis
• Defending your PhD results at a viva voce

We've expanded on what you can expect from each stage below.

1. Preparing a research proposal

Strictly speaking, your research proposal isn’t part of your PhD. Instead it’s normally part of the PhD application process.

The research proposal sets out the aims and objectives for your PhD: the original topic you plan to study and / or the questions you’ll set out to answer.

It also explains why your work is worthwhile and why it fits with the expertise and objectives of your university.

Finally, a PhD proposal explains how you plan to go about completing your doctorate. This involves identifying the existing scholarship your work will be in dialogue with and the methods you plan to use in your research.

All of this means that, even though the proposal precedes the PhD itself, it plays a vital role in shaping your project and signposting the work you’ll be doing over the next three or more years.

2. Carrying out a literature review

The literature review is normally the first thing you’ll tackle after beginning your PhD and having an initial meeting with your supervisor.

It’s a thorough survey of work in your field (the current scholarly ‘literature’) that relates to your project or to related topics.

Your supervisor will offer some advice and direction, after which you’ll identify, examine and evaluate existing data and scholarship.

In most cases the literature review will actually form part of your final PhD dissertation – usually setting up the context for the project, before you begin to explain and demonstrate your own thesis.

Sometimes a literature review can also be evaluated as part of your MPhil upgrade .

Research vs scholarship

Research and scholarship are both important parts of a PhD. But they aren't the same thing - and it's helpful to know the difference. Research is the original work you produce with your thesis. Scholarship is the expert understanding of your subject area that enables you to conduct valuable research.

3. Conducting research and collecting results

Once you’ve carried out your literature review, you’ll move from scholarship to research .

This doesn’t mean you’ll never read another academic article or consult someone else’s data again. Far from it. You’ll stay up to date with any new developments in your field and incorporate these into your literature review as necessary.

But, from here on in, your primary focus in your PhD process is going to be investigating your own research question. This means carrying out organised research and producing results upon which to base your conclusions.

Types of PhD research

The research process and the type of results you collect will depend upon your subject area:

• In Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) subjects you’ll focus on designing experiments, before recording and analysing their outcomes. This often means assembling and managing complex numerical datasets – sometimes in collaboration with the rest of your laboratory or workshop.
• In Social Science subjects you’ll be more focussed on designing surveys or conducting case studies. These will produce quantitative or qualitative data, depending on the nature of your work.
• In Arts and Humanities subjects you’ll often have less raw data, but that doesn’t mean you won’t be working with ‘hard’ factual information. You’ll analyse texts, sources and other materials according to an accepted methodology and reflect upon the significance of your findings.

Whatever subject you’re in, this research work will account for the greater part of your PhD results. You’ll have regular meetings with your supervisor, but the day-to-day management of your project and its progress will be your own responsibility.

In some fields it’s common to begin writing up your findings as you collect them, developing your thesis and completing the accompanying dissertation chapter-by-chapter. In other cases you’ll wait until you have a full dataset before reviewing and recording your conclusions.

4. Completing an MPhil to PhD upgrade

At UK universities it’s common to register new PhD students for an MPhil before ‘ upgrading ’ them to ‘full’ doctoral candidates. This usually takes place after one year of full-time study (or its part-time equivalent).

Forcing you to register for a ‘lesser’ degree may seem strange, but it’s actually an important part of the training and development a PhD offers:

• As an MPhil student you’re able to comprehend your field and produce new research.
• As a PhD student you’re able to go that crucial step further and produce the significant original contribution to knowledge that defines a doctorate.

The MPhil upgrade is when you take the step from the former to the latter.

The MPhil upgrade exam

Upgrading from MPhil to PhD registration usually involves a form of oral exam – similar to the viva voce that concludes a PhD. But, unlike a full viva, the MPhil upgrade is less formal and only covers part of your thesis.

In most cases you’ll submit a small amount of the material you’ve produced so far. This could be a draft of your first chapter (or part of it) and / or your literature review. You could also be asked to reflect on your progress in general.

You’ll then sit down with your supervisor and someone else from your department (familiar with your field, but unrelated to your project). They’ll offer feedback on the quality of your work and ask questions about your findings.

The aim of the process won’t be to examine your drafts so much as to confirm that your project has the potential to justify a PhD – and that you’re on track to complete it on time.

‘Failing’ a PhD upgrade is actually quite rare. Your university may ask you to repeat the procedure if they are concerned that you haven’t made sufficient progress or established a viable plan for the rest of your project.

What is an MPhil?

The MPhil (Master of Philosophy) is also a research degree, but its scope is more limited than a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy). And no, just like a PhD, an MPhil isn’t necessarily a Philosophy qualification. Our guide covers all you need to know about the difference between a MPhil and PhD .

5. PhD teaching, conferences and publications

During the PhD process, you’ll have lots of opportunities to take part in extra-curricular activities, such as teaching, academic conferences and publications.

Although it isn’t usually compulsory to participate in these, they can be an incredibly rewarding experience and will look great on your CV.

Teaching during a PhD normally involves hosting undergraduate seminars or supervising students in the lab, as well as marking work and providing feedback.

Academic conferences are an excellent way to network with like-minded colleagues and find out the latest developments in your field. You might even be able to present your own work to your peers at one of these events.

Publishing during a PhD will help you increase your academic profile, as well as give you experience of the peer review process. It’s not normally a requisite of your PhD, but publications will certainly help if you plan on applying for postdoc positions.

6. Writing your thesis

As the culmination of three or more years of hard work, the thesis (or dissertation) is the most important part of the procedure to get your PhD, presenting you with the opportunity to make an original scholarly contribution to your discipline.

Our guide to writing your thesis covers everything you need to know about this lengthy research project, from structure and word count to writing up and submission.

We’ve also written a guide to the PhD dissertation abstract , which is an important part of any thesis.

7. Defending your PhD results at a viva voce

Unlike other degrees, a PhD isn’t normally marked as a piece of written work. Instead your dissertation will be submitted for an oral examination known as a viva voce (Latin for ‘living voice’).

This is a formal procedure, during which you ‘defend’ your thesis in front of appointed examiners, each of whom will have read your dissertation thoroughly in advance.

Examiners at a viva voce

A PhD is normally examined by two academic experts:

• One will be an internal examiner, usually appointed from elsewhere in your faculty and department. They won’t be directly associated with your project, but will have sufficient expertise to assess your findings.
• The other will be an external examiner. They will be a recognised expert in the area you are researching, with a record of relevant research and publication. Most universities in the UK allow you to invite an external examiner of your choice, provided there is no existing conflict of interest.

Your supervisor will help you prepare for the viva and will offer advice on choosing an external examiner. However, they will not normally be present during the examination.

The PhD timeline

Ready to take the next step?

There's lots more information about how to get a PhD in our advice section . Or, if you're ready to start looking at different projects, why not check out one of the thousands of current PhD opportunities in our database?

Not sure how PhD study will differ from a Masters? In this guide, we take a look at how the two qualifications compare, including applications, course structure, assessment and more.

Every student will need to write an abstract for their PhD dissertation. Here's everything you need to know about what an academic abstract is and how to write one.

What can you expect from a PhD? What's life actually like as a postgraduate student? Read our guides to the doctoral research experience.

The viva voce is the final oral exam at the end of a PhD degree. Our guide explains the usual viva format, covers common questions and explains how to prepare.

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How Long Does It Take To Get a PhD?

A PhD program typically takes four to seven years, but a variety of factors can impact that timeline.

A PhD , or doctorate degree , is the highest degree you can earn in certain disciplines, such as psychology, engineering, education, and mathematics. As a result, it often takes longer to earn than it does for a bachelor’s or master’s degree.

While many PhD programs are designed to be finished in four or five years, the average completion time is much longer when you factor in the time it takes to research and write a dissertation. In 2020, for example, doctoral students took between six and twelve years to complete their PhDs [ 1 ]. By comparison, you can complete a master's degree in one to three years.

In this article, we'll explore the requirements of a PhD, what often ends up adding to the length of time, and important factors you should consider when deciding whether it’s the right choice for you.

PhD requirements + general timeline

Doctoral programs typically require PhD candidates to take take advanced courses, pass a comprehensive exam (sometimes called "comps"), and produce an original body of research, such as a dissertation, to obtain the degree. In some cases, you may also be expected to fulfill a teaching assistantship or research assistantship, both of which are meant to prepare you for a career in academia or research.

PhD requirements

The precise requirements you'll need to complete in order to get your PhD vary from one program to another, but some common tasks include:

Advanced coursework: Graduate-level coursework that explores a number of advanced sub-topics related to your field

Comprehensive exam: An exam that requires you to show knowledge of your field, such as its history, important figures, major theories or research, and more

Dissertation: An original body of research you contribute to your field

PhD timeline

The specifics of a PhD program vary by college and university, but the following estimates give you an idea of what to expect during your time in graduate school:

Year 1: Complete advanced coursework.

Year 2: Complete advanced coursework and begin preparing for your comprehensive exams.

Year 3: Study, take, and defend your comprehensive exams. Begin researching your dissertation proposal.

Year 4: Submit your dissertation proposal to your committee chair, and, once approved, begin working on your dissertation.

Year 5: Finish writing your dissertation and submit for committee approval. Defend your dissertation and apply for graduation.

Note that while this timeline gives a general timeline of how long it will take to complete a PhD program, it's very common for candidates to take more than one year to research and compose their dissertation.

Read more: Should You Go Back to School? 7 Things to Consider

PhD timelines by focus

Some PhD programs take longer to complete than others. For example, earning a doctorate in a science and engineering field typically takes less time than earning a doctorate in the arts or humanities, according to data from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) [ 1 ]. The list below shows the median length of time it took doctorate students to earn their degree in 2020:

Physical and Earth Sciences: 6.3 

Engineering: 6.8 years

Life sciences: 6.9 years

Mathematics and computer science: 7 years

Psychology and Social Sciences: 7.9 years

Humanities and arts: 9.6 years

Education: 12 years

Learn more: What Is a Terminal Degree and Do I Need One?

Why does it take so long to complete a PhD?

There are a few reasons why it takes more time to complete a PhD compared to other advanced degrees.

1. Dissertations

Once a doctoral student has successfully passed their comps, they are considered “All But Dissertation” or “ABD.” Yet, the number of students who successfully complete their PhD program remains low—estimates show that nearly 50 percent of students drop out, often after reaching the dissertation phase [ 2 ].

The dissertation phase can often take much longer to complete than the other requirements of a PhD. Researching and writing a dissertation takes significant time because students are expected to make an original and notable contribution to their field.

2. Assistantship obligations

Teaching and research assistantships are beneficial because they can help pay for a PhD program, but they may also take time away from working on your dissertation. Some students are expected to teach at least one class per semester on top of their other obligations as graduate students.

For universities that reduce the teaching or research load that students have as part of their assistantship, times to completion tend to improve. Humanities students at Princeton University began finishing their degree in 6.4 years (compared to 7.5 years) thanks to the institution's financial support and the reduced number of classes students taught [ 3 ].

3. Other responsibilities

Doctoral students tend to be older. Graduate students pursuing a PhD in science or engineering were an average of 31.6 years old by the time they earned their degree in 2016, according to the National Science Foundation [ 4 ]. In effect, some PhD students may have competing obligations, such as family. If a student’s funding has run out, and they have to find full-time work, it also may affect the time they can dedicate to writing their dissertation.

Is a PhD right for you?

People pursue PhDs for various reasons: Some want a job that requires the degree, such as teaching at a university, while others want the challenges or intellectual engagement that a graduate program offers. Identifying why you want to earn a PhD can help indicate whether it’s your best choice.

If your career aspirations don't require a PhD, it might be better to focus on gaining professional experience. Or if you're interested in an advanced education, a master's degree may be a better option. It takes less time to complete than a PhD and can lead to more career opportunities and larger salaries than a bachelor's degree.

Learn more: Is a Master’s Degree Worth It?

Benefits of a PhD

The primary advantage of earning a PhD is your increased demand and marketability in the workforce.

In 2018, less than 5 percent of the United States population had a doctorate degree, compared to about 48 percent with a bachelor's degree and 21 percent with a master's degree, according to the US Census Bureau [ 5 ]. As a member of this elite group, the potential for advanced roles, promotions, or pay raises may be greater.

Even before you have a degree in hand, working toward a PhD gives you opportunities to hone valuable skills , including writing, research, and data analysis . Furthermore, completing a PhD program can demonstrate to potential employers that you have specialized knowledge and the fortitude to finish such an advanced degree.

Costs of a PhD

Beyond the time they take to complete, PhD programs can be expensive. The average cost of a PhD program in the United States is just under $100,000. At some schools, the cost of a PhD can even exceed $200,000 [ 6 ]. While many institutions offer funding support in the form of assistantships or scholarships, many PhD students still graduate with student loan debt. In 2023, the average student loan debt for PhD was $134,797 [ 7 ].

Another factor to consider is the loss of income you might incur while you're working toward your degree. Some graduate students accept teaching or research assistantships to help fund the cost of their program, but these may not pay as much as full-time positions. Working on your education may also mean pausing the professional experience you’d gain in the workforce—and potentially losing out on promotions and raises. However, it’s worth noting that graduate degree holders earn much more over the course of their lifetime than bachelor’s degree holders, according to the US Social Security Administration [ 8 ].

Read more: How to Pay for Graduate School: 8 Ways

Set yourself up for success

A PhD is a major accomplishment. As you think about your long-term goals and whether a PhD will help you achieve them, it's important to understand ways you can set yourself up for success. According to the University of Georgia, success in a PhD program often means [ 9 ]:

Understanding the demands and expectations of the program

Receiving adequate program orientation

Getting support from peers and faculty

Feeling a sense of belonging as a member of an academic community

These conditions underscore the importance of choosing the right program and school to fit your personal and professional goals. Take time to research the ways your potential institution offers financial support, mental health support, and career placement support, among other program features.

An advanced degree can be a lucrative credential. You can earn your master’s in a number of in-demand fields from top universities on Coursera. Earn a degree in computer science , business , management , or public health , all while enjoying greater flexibility than an in-person degree program tends to offer. Earning your master's can also help you discern whether a PhD makes sense for your larger objectives.

Article sources

Survey of Earned Doctorates. " Path to the doctorate , https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf22300/report/path-to-the-doctorate." Accessed January 30, 2024.

International Journal of Higher Education. “ Who Are the Doctoral Students Who Drop Out? , https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1188721.pdf.” Accessed January 30, 2024.

The New York Times. " Exploring Ways to Shorten the Ascent to a PhD , https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/03/education/03education.html." Accessed January 30, 2024.

National Science Foundation. " Science and Engineering Doctorates , https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2018/nsf18304/report/age-at-doctorate-award-what-are-the-overall-trends-and-characteristics/characteristics-of-doctorate-recipients-sex.cfm." Accessed January 30, 2024.

US Census Bureau. " About 13.1 Percent Have a Master’s, Professional Degree or Doctorate , https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2019/02/number-of-people-with-masters-and-phd-degrees-double-since-2000.html." Accessed January 30, 2024.

Education Data Initiative. " Average Cost of a Doctorate Degree , https://educationdata.org/average-cost-of-a-doctorate-degree." Accessed January 30, 2024.

Education Data Initiative. " Average Graduate Student Loan Debt , https://educationdata.org/average-graduate-student-loan-debt." Accessed January 30, 2024.

Social Security Administration. " Education and Lifetime Earnings , https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/research-summaries/education-earnings.html." Accessed January 30, 2024.

 A Data-Driven Approach to Improving Doctoral Completion. " Chapter 2: Description of Projects , https://cgsnet.org/cgs-occasional-paper-series/university-georgia/chapter-2." Accessed January 30, 2024.

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This content has been made available for informational purposes only. Learners are advised to conduct additional research to ensure that courses and other credentials pursued meet their personal, professional, and financial goals.

• Graduate School

How Long Does it Take to Get a PhD?: A Go-Getter’s Guide to Graduation

Featured Expert: Dr. Charlene Hoi, PhD

How long does it take to get a PhD? On average, PhD programs are 4 or 5 years long. The time it takes to get a PhD is slightly longer in the US, between 4-6 years, because these programs tend to be more structured. If you want to know how to get a PhD in Canada or Europe, you can expect it to take 3-5 years. However, there are PhD programs that take longer, such as part-time programs, or are extremely short, like online accelerated PhD programs. Ultimately, how long it takes to get a PhD is up to you. In this article, we’ll look at the average PhD program lengths, the typical PhD timeline, and tips on how to get your PhD finished faster.

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Article Contents 13 min read

How long does it take to get a phd.

On average, it takes 4-5 years to complete a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) program. In the US, most PhD programs are between 4-6 years, while in Canada they are typically shorter, around 3-4 years.

Some students take longer than 6 years to complete their PhD, but in general the longest time it takes to get a PhD is capped at 8 years. If you’re enrolling in a part-time PhD program, for instance, your timeline will probably be extended to 6-8 years.

The shortest PhD programs out there are accelerated or sometimes online PhD programs. Some of these are only 1-2 years long, but there are comparatively fewer programs available, and they are only suitable for certain fields and careers which require less intensive research which defines most PhD programs.

One of the main reasons why it takes many years to get a PhD is because these programs are comprehensive and the requirements to graduate are extensive. Most have a set number of credit hours you need to complete, examinations to write, plus you’ll need to write your PhD thesis or dissertation, unless you pursue a PhD without dissertation .

There are certainly ways to shorten the PhD application timeline and time to graduate, which includes enrolling in a shorter program if possible, increasing your course load or the number of research hours you can dedicate per week, but generally a PhD will still take some time.

Even if you want to do a PhD without a master’s degree first, such as by applying to a direct entry PhD program, the program is still usually 4-5 years long.

We’ll take a look at the typical PhD timeline and how long it takes to get a PhD normally. After, we’ll cover some tips on how to get your PhD done faster or how you can avoid dragging things out.

In North America, the typical PhD program is divided into two stages. The first stage is where you complete all the required coursework, comprehensive exams and other academic requirements, depending on the program. The second stage is when you submit a proposal for original, independent research, get it approved and start working on your thesis or dissertation. Your PhD culminates with your thesis defense. Once your thesis has been approved, you’ll be eligible to graduate.

This timeline is somewhat flexible, as you might complete the first stage in 1 or 2 years but take longer to complete your dissertation. For the purpose of this general PhD schedule, we’ll assume your PhD program is a typical length of 4-6 years.

Application Stage

We’ve included the application stage of getting your PhD here first because the grad school application timeline can take several months to put together your application package and hear back about acceptance to a program. Secondly, because the application stage involves some critical steps you’ll need to complete in order to get your PhD.

1. Research proposal

To apply to a PhD program, you’ll most likely be required to submit a research proposal and be prepared to answer any research proposal questions your advisor will have. This is your “proposal” of what research question you will explore during your studies at a program, or an outline of what research topic you want to pursue. If you’re not sure how to write a research proposal, check out these Oxford PhD proposal samples or a Cambridge PhD proposal sample.

2. Application materials

The admission requirements for a PhD can vary from program to program, but here are the general components of a PhD application:

• Required prerequisite coursework
• Official transcripts (and minimum GPA)
• Graduate school statement of purpose
• CV for graduate school or research resume
• PhD motivation letter

Some programs may also ask you to submit additional essays, such as a letter of intent, research interest statement or grad school career goals statement .

Many PhD programs also invite you to a grad school interview to get to know you better. Be ready for common graduate school interview questions such as “ tell me about yourself ” and “ why do you want to do a PhD ?”

PhD Years 1-3: Coursework Stage

1. orientation.

Your PhD program will usually begin with your orientation, where you’ll learn about the program’s individual structure, requirements and expectations. You’ll also either choose or be assigned an academic advisor and schedule an initial meeting with them. Your advisor will be a member of the university faculty who will act as your support while you complete your research and write your thesis.

2. Coursework

The first year or two of your PhD will involve completing required advanced coursework in your field. You’ll attend lectures and seminars and you may participate in research projects with department faculty or fellow graduate students or even lab work, depending on your field.

3. Electives

Along with required coursework, you’ll have the chance to take elective courses that interest you or relate to your field. It’s important to choose electives that will enrich your program. Choose ones that really interest you, that might help inform your PhD research or that will help you fulfill your credit requirements.

4. Extracurriculars

PhD programs sometimes have extracurricular activities or additional requirements outside the classroom. This can include internships or a practicum you need to complete for credit, or you might be interested in attending academic conferences or relevant events to socialize and network you’re your colleagues in the field.

5. Comprehensive exams

The coursework stage of your PhD program will end with comprehensive exams , sometimes called qualifying or preliminary exams. These are your “final exams” to make sure that you completed the necessary PhD coursework and that you’re ready and qualified to take on your own independent research in the next phase.

1. Thesis proposal

You may recall that you submitted a research proposal as part of your PhD application, and this step of the process is similar. Your thesis proposal is just like your research proposal, but it’s a more refined and developed version. Throughout your coursework, your research question might have changed or you might have changed course a little bit. If you’re still thinking about your PhD topic , take the time to solidify it before you reach the thesis proposal stage.

Your research proposal might have been a first draft, while your thesis proposal is your official announcement of: this is what I propose to research in this PhD program.

Depending on your field and the program, you thesis research might involve a great deal of lab work, or data collection or fieldwork. Whatever the case, your thesis proposal is a complete outline of what you intend to do for this independent research project and the steps you’ll take.

2. Thesis approval

Once your proposal is written, you’ll submit it for approval. Your academic advisor, PhD supervisor or the PhD committee overseeing your program will review it and either approve it or make suggestions for changes. Once it’s been polished and finalized, you’ll be given the go ahead to start conducting your research.

3. PhD research

Your research alone will probably take you several semesters to complete. On top of the fieldwork, lab work or data collection and analysis you’ll be completing, you’ll be using this time to write and review. Writing your thesis or dissertation takes a fair number of hours to outline, draft, edit and complete. It also means hitting the books to complete a literature review of your research topic so you have a complete background understanding of your chosen topic and how it will inform your research.

Your research and the preparation of your thesis is really the biggest part of this second stage, and is probably the longest part of your PhD altogether.

4. Extra requirements

When you’re not deep in your research, you’ll be completing other requirements of your PhD program or additional duties that enrich your education. Some programs require you to dedicate some hours to teaching, whether it be leading seminars for undergraduate students or acting as a teaching assistant for university faculty.

You’ll also be strongly encouraged to publish as a graduate student , so you may be involved in the research projects of faculty members or other grad students when you’re not working on your dissertation.

5. Thesis submission and preparation for thesis defense

When you’re finished writing your thesis and you’re ready to submit it, it’s critical to know how to prepare for thesis defense . Because not only do you have to complete this original, new body of research work, you have to get the approval of your PhD committee to put it out into the world.

Your thesis defense is essentially the final presentation of your PhD.

6. Thesis defense

Your thesis defense is an oral presentation of your research project, but it also involves submitting your written document to be reviewed. Essentially, you’ll present the entirety of your thesis to the PhD supervising committee, including your findings and conclusions. From there, the committee will ask thesis defense questions . Your answers will defend your methodology and results to the committee, basically proving the value and validity of your work. While this is an evaluation of sorts, it is also your opportunity to share your original ideas and invite further research into your topic.

After your defense, the PhD committee will either approve your thesis or send it back to you with edits or changes to be made before it can be formally approved.

Graduation and Postdoc

Once your thesis has been approved, congratulations! You’ll be eligible for graduation and be awarded your degree. Now that you’ve finished this marathon, you can choose to pursue further studies or start looking for a job after grad school .

With a PhD, you have many different options for positions in your field. You might want to know how to find a job in academia or how to get a tenure track position at a university if you’re interested in teaching others. PhD graduates who decide to transition from academia to industry or who would rather work outside the realm of academia can find industry jobs after PhD that suit their skills and experiences.

Either way, you’ll need to prepare for how to find a postdoc position, explore what the career options are for you, decide what your career goals are and start sending out applications. Remember to prep your postdoc resume and get read for postdoc interview questions , since the job hunt will begin soon after you finish your PhD!

Is it possible to get your PhD done faster? What are some ways you can speed up the process and avoid taking 8 years to complete your graduate studies? Luckily, there are many key ways you can make your journey through grad school easier and speed things up a little, from the type of PhD program you choose to the habits and skills you cultivate during your program.

#1 Enroll in an accelerated program

The first way to guarantee it will take less time to get your PhD is to, of course, enroll in a shorter PhD program. Direct entry PhD programs allow you to enroll once you’ve completed your bachelor’s degree in exceptional circumstances. Note that these are not the easiest PhD programs to get into , as your academic record needs to be excellent, and you’ll likely need prior research experience and you may even need to have publications already. However, a direct entry PhD program is around 4-5 years, but it allows you to skip the 1-2 years it would take to earn a master’s degree.

You can also choose to enroll in an online or accelerated PhD program that is designed to be much shorter than the traditional PhD. Once again, though, these programs are not available to students in every field, so you may need to research whether there are any options for you.

#2 Choose the right mentor

One of the first things you can do to ensure your PhD is smooth sailing is to choose the right mentor or academic advisor. Many programs allow you to choose your advisor, while some assign one to you. Whatever the case, it’s important to establish a strong working relationship and clear expectations early on.

One of the first things you’ll do as a PhD student is meet with your advisor. Take the time to discuss with them what your expectations for the program are, ask questions and ask them what their expectations are of you. Your advisor is there to help you and advise you, and they have resources and connections you can use to your advantage. But they are also working with a busy schedule and might be advising more than one PhD student, too. A mutually respectful relationship with open communication will ensure fewer interpersonal hurdles down the road.

#3 Earn credit hours faster

One way you can shave some time off your PhD is by earning your credit hours faster and getting to the research and thesis-writing stage faster. This might mean you take on a full-time course load or ask your advisor for ways to earn extra credit, such as participating in research projects. Some PhD programs will give you course credit for previous graduate level coursework you might have completed during your master’s degree, or for certifications and professional education you completed outside of school.

#4 Keep your thesis focused

When you get started on your research, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed with the amount of work you need to complete, with the writing of your thesis on top of it all. One way to keep your research hyper-focused and on point is to keep your thesis topic narrow. If your subject is too broad, you’ll be spending way too much time in your research. Give yourself clear objectives and scope, and don’t deviate from your PhD proposal if you don’t have to.

There may be a million questions you want to explore within your PhD topic, but there will be other opportunities to explore them. Keep your focus narrow so you don’t spend years and years asking and answering research questions!

One of the best things you can do to get your PhD done faster and adjust to the experience of graduate school is to change your thinking. Adopt a growth mindset so that you’re open to new learning, willing to listen to constructive feedback on your proposal or thesis and willing to grow your skills. A PhD is an advanced program, and you’ll already be very skilled, but it is also an opportunity to learn and grow. There will be challenges for you, so be ready to meet and overcome them instead of letting them draw you back or slow you down.

#5 Develop your professional skills fast

A PhD is an opportunity to grow your professional skillset as much as it is an opportunity for you to contribute meaningfully to your field. If you haven’t already been working on skills such as communication, presenting or lecturing and writing, now is the time to start.

Strong writing skills will help you get your thesis finished and edited faster, as you’ll be more familiar with the process and understand what makes a strong document. It’s also a useful skill to learn how to write effective funding proposals or grant proposals. You may need to do so to secure funding for your research, but it’s a highly valuable skill in the workforce, too.

Good presentation skills will help you during your thesis defense or if you’re asked to present during a conference. They will also help you build confidence in your voice and ideas and make you a better communicator when you’re networking or job searching.

#6 Keep to your schedule

This is maybe the most important skill if you want to finish your PhD faster: make a detailed schedule and hold yourself accountable to it. If you like, you can plan out your entire PhD week by week from Day 1. Write down what your course schedule is, when you’ll do research and how many hours, when you’ll write and how many hours, what extracurriculars or personal activities will take up your time and so on.

A detailed schedule gives you an overview of your PhD and a timeline of when you’ll finish. It will keep you organized and accountable, so you can avoid procrastinating or avoidable speed bumps that might slow you down. It also helps you compartmentalize the many items on your to-do list so you don’t stress out about how much you need to accomplish.

When creating your schedule, especially during the research stage when there is no formal class schedule for you to adhere to, focus on deliverables. Set a date when you will submit a section of your thesis to your advisor, or when you will complete your literature review. Setting goals and clear outcomes will keep you on track and focused.

#7 Take initiative and be independent

The last tip to help you get your PhD done faster is to take initiative. Remember that a PhD is a largely independent endeavor. You’ll have the support of a committee or advisor, but you can’t rely on them to do the work for you or put everything on hold if they aren’t available when you need them. Be flexible and adaptable so you can keep working and moving forward, even if your schedule gets interrupted or needs to change to suit your situation.

It's also important to take the initiative in your learning. Take advantage of opportunities for growth, networking, and gaining experience where you can. Get the most out of your PhD program and use your experiences to fuel your end goal of completing your thesis.

On average, it takes 4-5 years to get a PhD. There are a few factors that can influence the time it takes to complete your PhD, from program length and structure to what country you are earning your PhD in, to your own personal work ethic and schedule.

PhD programs in the US are on average 4-6 years. In Canada and the UK, they are usually 3-5 years long. Part-time PhD programs may take up to 7-8 years to complete. Direct-entry PhD programs and dual master’s and PhD programs are typically 5 years long. If you’re enrolling in an online, hybrid or accelerated PhD program, the timeline is usually 2-3 years, but there are some extremely short 1-year PhD programs offered online for specific disciplines.

Yes, you can finish your PhD before the “normal” timeline. For example, if you complete your coursework early, if you finish writing your thesis faster than average and get it approved, or if you otherwise complete all your PhD program requirements before the anticipated finish date. 

Yes, there are online PhDs available for certain fields and disciplines. These typically range from 2-3 years, although there are some traditional 4-year PhD programs offered online. There are also some “accelerated” online PhDs which last 12-18 months.

A PhD program is not necessarily shorter if you first complete a master’s degree, but having gone through a master’s program can better prepare you to finish your PhD faster. Some PhD programs accept credit hours from your master’s degree towards the coursework requirements for a PhD, and if you’ve previously written a master’s thesis or completed some research during your graduate studies, this will be an advantage. Since you’ll already be familiar with the process of writing a thesis and conducting your own research, you can avoid some stumbling blocks in your PhD program that might otherwise slow down your progress.

Yes, it is possible to get a PhD without first completing a master’s degree. There are direct entry PhD programs that allow students with a bachelor’s degree to enroll, so long as they meet the admission requirements and have exceptional academic records. Some online PhDs also waive the master’s degree requirement.

Yes, it is possible to complete a traditional PhD program in a shorter amount of time than anticipate. This usually means dedicating yourself to full-time study or taking on a larger course load and increased research hours. It takes significant work, but it can be done with the right schedule and commitment.

The fastest PhD programs are the short, 1-year accelerated programs. These programs have fewer credit hours to complete, and some have no dissertation requirement, only qualifying exams to finish. However, there are not many programs out there, and they are not available for every field of interest.

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• PhD in USA – A Guide for 2024/25
• Finding a PhD

A PhD in USA takes approximately 5 – 6 years of full-time study and can cost between $12,000 – $45,000 per academic year. PhD programs in USA differ from that in the UK and Europe in that students must first take taught classes, coursework and exams before starting their research project.

Why Do a PhD in USA?

The United States has long had some of the most distinguished universities and advanced PhD programmes in the world. Combined with curriculum flexibility, rigorous teaching methods, vast funding opportunities, breathtaking campuses and significant career prospects, it’s no wonder that it is one of the most sought-after study destinations for research students.

In addition to comprehensive training standards, here are a few other reasons why a student may choose to undertake their PhD in the United States:

• Longer learning timeframes – A PhD in the US lasts longer than a PhD in the UK or Europe. This allows students to more confidently transition from undergraduate to postgraduate studies; more commonly referred to as ‘graduate studies’ in the US. This gives you the opportunity to learn more about your subject, research methods and academic writing in general before starting your research project.
• World-class universities – It’s no secret that some of the most well-known higher education institutions that continue to dominate global rankings are based in the United States. Although many factors go into determining whether a position is right for you, a PhD at a high-ranking American university will undeniably have many benefits, from excellent learning standards to access to innovative equipment and deep expertise.
• International network – The US has long been a popular choice among PhD students around the world. As such, the US hosts a diverse and multicultural learning environment in which many research students will quickly feel at home.
• Opportunities – With over 4,000 universities in the US, we can safely say you will have plenty of opportunities to find the ideal combination of project, supervisor and university that works for you.

Universities in USA

Universities in the United States can be divided into two types: public universities and private universities.

Public universities are financed by the state in which they are based. Because of this, public universities charge less for students from within the state and more for students from outside the state, including international students.

Private universities are not financed by their state, but by private donors, research funds and tuition fees. For this reason, private universities generally charge higher tuition fees than public universities and require all students to pay the same amount, regardless of whether they come from out-of-state or abroad.

According to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2024 , eight of the top ten universities in the world are located in the United States. These are:

Method of Study

The main difference between a PhD in the US and a PhD in Europe lies in the program structure. Whereas a European PhD essentially consists of a single phase lasting three to four years , an American PhD consists of three different phases, each with its own time frame.

• Phase One – The first phase lasts approximately two years and focuses on building a basic foundation for the doctoral student. This phase consists largely of taught components such as lectures, tutorials and laboratory sessions, in which the student learns more about theoretical concepts and research methods within their discipline.
• Phase Two – The second phase can be considered an assessment phase, which runs both periodically alongside and at the end of the first phase. Here, students complete coursework and take exams on the basis of the material they have covered of which they must pass in order to proceed to the third phase.
• Phase Three – The third phase lasts approximately three years and resembles the European PhD structure. During this period, the student undertakes an independent research project, including forming a research design, conducting experiments, writing a thesis (more commonly referred to in the USA as a dissertation) and sitting a viva exam.

Teaching Requirements

Besides structure, a key difference between a PhD program in the US and in Europe is the focus on teaching requirements. In the US, doctoral students are expected to lecture, lead tutorials, host laboratory sessions, mark coursework and provide office hours for undergraduate students. Although students studying in European will likely contribute to these at some point during their study, this would normally be on a voluntary basis and involve less time commitment.

Research Flexibility

Another difference is project flexibility. In Europe, students typically apply to a PhD project predetermined by a supervisor, and although there may be some scope to adapt the project, depending on the funding provider , it will usually be limited to how the project is carried out rather than what it is about. In the US, however, a student applies to become a doctoral candidate within a department rather than applying for a particular research project. This is because students are expected to decide on their thesis topic (also commonly referred to as a dissertation research topic) near the end of their first phase after they have developed a better understanding of their subject and know where their interests lie. Therefore, research students in the US generally have more flexibility and influence in the direction of their research than students in the United Kingdom or Europe.

PhD Admission Requirements in USA

PhD admission into US universities can be highly competitive, both because of the limited number of positions and the large number of annual applicants.

The eligibility requirements for a doctoral program in the USA can generally be divided into four sections:

• Grade Point Average ( GPA ) – in the US, a scoring system known as Grade Point Average is used to measure academic ability. A student’s GPA is calculated as a weighted score of the subjects they study during their undergraduate degree; an equivalent score is calculated by universities for international applicants. Although universities rarely set minimum GPA requirements for doctoral study, it’s worth being aware that a GPA of 3.0 is equivalent to a UK second class honours (2:1); the typical entry requirement for UK universities.
• Graduate Records Exam (GRE) – most universities will require you to take a series of examinations known as Graduate Records Exams, which are used to determine your suitability for graduate study. GREs will assess your analytical, reasoning and critical thinking skills as well as your depth of your subject.
• Student aptitude – in addition to academic ability, US universities also look for characteristics of a strong researcher. These include traits such as engaging in the subject in your own time, e.g. by attending talks and conferences, demonstrating a high degree of independence and enthusiasm, and a general passion for your subject.
• English Language Proficiency – international students whose first language is not English must sit language exams such as IELTS or TOELF to demonstrate their English language proficiency.

International students will also require a F1 student visa in order to study in the US, however, you would typically apply for this after you have secured a place into a doctorate program.

How to Apply for PhD in USA

When applying for a PhD position at a graduate school, the application process will differ between universities, however, they will all typically ask for the following:

• Academic CV – a short document summarising your educational background and current level of experience .
• Personal statement – a document which outlines why you believe you are suitable for PhD study and your passion for the subject.
• Academic transcripts – a complete breakdown of the modules and their respective marks you have taken as part of your previous/current degree.
• GRE scores – a transcript of your Graduate Records Exam results.
• Research statement – a condensed version of a research proposal outlining your general research interests, if required.
• Recommendation letters – references from several academic referees who endorse your qualities as a person, your abilities as a student and your potential as a doctoral researcher.

Application Deadlines and Fees

Since PhD programs in the United States have taught components, they commence at the same time as all other taught degrees, and therefore share the same application deadlines and start dates. This corresponds to an application period that typically begins in August and ends in February. Admission decisions are typically made in April, with successful students starting in August/September.

When you apply to a graduate school, you will be expected to pay a fee for each doctorate application to cover the school’s administrative costs for processing your application. The fee varies from university to university, but typically ranges from $50 to $100 .

Funding your PhD in USA

It’s very common for a PhD student to receive financial aid in the form of a PhD scholarship; in fact, this will be the case for the vast majority of students in the US.

PhD funding can be ‘fully funded’ covering the student’s graduate program tuition fees, accommodation and living costs, or ‘partially funded’ covering the student’s tuition fee only in part or full.

Besides funding, a graduate student can take on an assistantship, such as a graduate teaching assistant or research assistant, in which they take on a part-time salaried position at the university alongside their studies.

Due to the international and collaborate nature of American universities, there are also a number of international scholarships available, such as the Fulbright Scholarship and the AAUW International Fellowship .

PhD Duration in USA

In the US, a PhD takes approximately 5 – 6 years to complete if studying full-time, and 8 – 10 years if studying part-time.

If you already have a Master’s degree, your first phase can be shortened by one year at the discretion of the university.

Cost of a PhD in USA

The cost of a PhD program in the US can vary considerably depending on the type of university, i.e. whether it’s a public or private university, the doctoral course, i.e. whether it’s in a STEM subject such as computer science, engineering or a non-STEM subject, and whether you are a home or international student.

In general, however, the typical annual tuition fee for a PhD in the US is between $12,000 and $45,000 per academic year.

As with any doctoral degree, additional costs may include travel for collaborations, bench fees, accommodation and living expenses.

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Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to get a phd.

This varies by country. In the United States, PhDs usually take between 5–7 years: 2 years of coursework followed by 3–5 years of independent research work to produce a dissertation.

In the rest of the world, students normally have a master’s degree before beginning the PhD, so they proceed directly to the research stage and complete a PhD in 3–5 years.

Frequently asked questions: Graduate school

In the US, most graduate school applications require you to include:

• Transcripts from previous educational institutions
• Standardized test scores (such as the GRE or MCAT)
• A graduate resume
• 2–3 letters of recommendation
• A statement of purpose

Some programs may ask you to write a personal statement in addition to, or instead of, a statement of purpose. You may also be asked to an interview .

Always carefully read the application instructions for the specific program you’re applying to.

Most medical school programs interview candidates, as do many (though not all) leading law and business schools.

In research programs, it depends—PhDs in business usually do, while those in economics normally do not, for example.

Some schools interview everyone, while others only interview their top candidates. Look at the websites of the schools you’re applying to for more information on whether they conduct interviews.

In addition to thinking about your answers for the most commonly asked grad school interview questions , you should reach out to former and current students to ask their advice on preparing and what sort of questions will be asked.

Look back through your resume and come up with anecdotes that you could use for common questions, particularly those that ask about obstacles that you overcame. If you’re applying for a research program, ensure that you can talk about the previous research experience you’ve had.

You should also read as much research in your field as possible. Research the faculty at the schools you’re applying to and read some of their papers. Come up with a few questions that you could ask them.

Graduate schools often ask questions about why you are interested in this particular program and what you will contribute.

Try to stay away from cliche answers like “this is a good program” or “I got good grades in undergrad” and focus instead on the unique strengths of the program or what you will bring to the table. Understand what the program is looking for and come up with anecdotes that demonstrate why you are a good fit for them.

Different types of programs may also focus on different questions:

• Research programs will often ask what topics you’d like to research and who you would like to work with, as well as specific questions about your research background.
• Medical schools are interested in your personal motivation, qualities such as integrity and empathy, and how you’d respond to common ethical dilemmas.
• Business schools will focus on your past work experience and future career prospects, and may be particularly interested in any experience you have managing or working with others.

Some students apply to graduate school straight from undergrad, but it’s also common to go back to school later in life. The ideal time to do so depends on various financial, personal, and career considerations . Graduate school is a big commitment, so you should apply at a time when you can devote your full attention to it.

Your career path may also determine when you should apply. In some career fields, you can easily progress without a graduate degree, while in others—such as medicine, business, and law—it’s virtually impossible to move up the career ladder without a specific graduate degree.

Most graduate school applications for American graduate programs are due in December or January for a September start.

Some types of programs, especially law school, are rolling applications, meaning that the earlier you apply, the earlier you’ll hear back. In this case, you should aim to apply as early as possible to maximize your chances.

Medical school follows a completely separate timeline with much earlier deadlines. If you’re applying for medical school, you should speak to advisors at your university for more information.

A good starting point to aim for is about 18 months before you would start the program, or 6–9 months before the applications are due.

In the first few months of the process, research programs and study for any standardized exams you might need.

You can then begin writing your personal statements and statements of purpose , as well as contacting people to write your letters of recommendation . Ensure that you give recommenders plenty of time to complete their letters (ideally around 2–4 months).

In the US, the graduate school application process is similar whether you’re applying for a master’s or a PhD . Both require letters of recommendation , a statement of purpose or personal statement , a resume or CV , and transcripts. Programs in the US and Canada usually also require a certain type of standardized test—often the GRE.

Outside the US, PhD programs usually also require applicants to write a research proposal , because students are expected to begin dissertation research in the first year of their PhD.

A master’s degree usually has a higher upfront cost, but it also allows you to start earning a higher salary more quickly. The exact cost depends on the country and the school: private universities usually cost more than public ones, and European degrees usually cost less than North American ones. There are limited possibilities for financial aid.

PhDs often waive tuition fees and offer a living stipend in exchange for a teaching or research assistantship. However, they take many years to complete, during which time you earn very little.

This depends on the country. In the United States, you can generally go directly to a PhD  with only a bachelor’s degree, as a master’s program is included as part of the doctoral program.

Elsewhere, you generally need to graduate from a research-intensive master’s degree before continuing to the PhD.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

It’s best to ask in person if possible, so first reach out and request a meeting to discuss your graduate school plans.

Let the potential recommender know which programs you’re applying to, and ask if they feel they can provide a strong letter of recommendation . A lukewarm recommendation can be the kiss of death for an application, so make sure your letter writers are enthusiastic about recommending you and your work!

Always remember to remain polite. Your recommenders are doing you a favor by taking the time to write a letter in support of your graduate school goals.

This depends on the program that you are applying for. Generally, for professional programs like business and policy school, you should ask managers who can speak to your future leadership potential and ability to succeed in your chosen career path.

However, in other graduate programs, you should mostly ask your former professors or research supervisors to write your recommendation letters , unless you have worked in a job that corresponds closely with your chosen field (e.g., as a full-time research assistant).

Choose people who know your work well and can speak to your ability to succeed in the program that you are applying to.

Remember, it is far more important to choose someone who knows you well than someone well-known. You may have taken classes with more prominent professors, but if they haven’t worked closely with you, they probably can’t write you a strong letter.

The sections in your graduate school resume depend on two things: your experience, and the focus of the program you’re applying to.

Always start with your education. If you have more than one degree, list the most recent one first.

The title and order of the other sections depend on what you want to emphasize. You might include things like:

• Professional experience
• Voluntary and extracurricular activities
• Publications
• Awards and honors
• Skills and certifications

The resume should aim for a balance between two things: giving a snapshot of what you’ve done with your life so far, and showing that you’re a good candidate for graduate study.

A resume is typically shorter than a CV, giving only the most relevant professional and educational highlights.

An academic CV should give full details of your education and career, including lists of publications and presentations, certifications, memberships, grants, and research projects. Because it is more comprehensive, it’s acceptable for an academic CV to be many pages long.

Note that, outside of the US, resume and CV are often used interchangeably.

No, don’t include your high school courses and grades. The education section should only detail your college education.

If you want to discuss aspects of high school in your graduate school application, you can include this in your personal statement .

A resume for a graduate school application is typically no more than 1–2 pages long.

Note, however, that if you are asked to submit a CV (curriculum vitae), you should give comprehensive details of all your academic experience. An academic CV can be much longer than a normal resume.

Always carefully check the instructions and adhere to any length requirements for each application.

If you’re applying to multiple graduate school programs, you should tailor your personal statement to each application.

Some applications provide a prompt or question. In this case, you might have to write a new personal statement from scratch: the most important task is to respond to what you have been asked.

If there’s no prompt or guidelines, you can re-use the same idea for your personal statement – but change the details wherever relevant, making sure to emphasize why you’re applying to this specific program.

If the application also includes other essays, such as a statement of purpose , you might have to revise your personal statement to avoid repeating the same information.

The typical length of a personal statement for graduate school applications is between 500 and 1,000 words.

Different programs have different requirements, so always check if there’s a minimum or maximum length and stick to the guidelines. If there is no recommended word count, aim for no more than 1-2 pages.

A statement of purpose is usually more formal, focusing on your academic or professional goals. It shouldn’t include anything that isn’t directly relevant to the application.

A personal statement can often be more creative. It might tell a story that isn’t directly related to the application, but that shows something about your personality, values, and motivations.

However, both types of document have the same overall goal: to demonstrate your potential as a graduate student and s how why you’re a great match for the program.

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You can find all the citation styles and locales used in the Scribbr Citation Generator in our publicly accessible repository on Github .

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With a transformative gift from Joanne and Bill Conway from the Bedford Falls Fund, the Fitzpatrick College of Nursing (FCN) has established the Conway PhD Fellows Program to support 25 students seeking a PhD. This incredible support will enable the FCN to build upon its rich history of developing nursing faculty in the Augustinian teacher-scholar model. The Joanne and William Conway PhD Fellows Program is a year-round three-year degree completion program. The first cohort of Joanne and William Conway PhD Fellows will be admitted into the FCN PhD program in May 2023 and receive intensive, year-round mentoring from highly qualified research-intensive faculty to complete the degree in three years. Students are required to complete the degree in three years.

As a Joanne and William Conway PhD Fellow you will be awarded $80,000 over three years to finance your education in the FCN PhD Program. Funds awarded through the Conway Scholarship can be used for living expenses, tuition, and/or fees. Joanne and William Conway PhD Fellows are encouraged to participate in the Nurse Faculty Loan Program (NFLP) for tuition support. The NFLP is a loan forgiveness program. Graduates who are employed full-time as a nurse educator for four years will have 85% of their NFLP amount forgiven. This comprehensive  financial support for qualified students seeking a Nursing PhD degree will reduce the financial barriers that prevent qualified applicants from pursuing a doctoral degree. 

The Joanne and William Conway PhD Fellows Program is an accelerated synchronous online degree program with three summer intensive on-campus experiences (All PhD Summer Intensives begin the Tuesday after the Memorial Day Holiday)

• Summer Intensive Year 1 is 2 weeks
• Summer Intensive Year 2 is 3 weeks
• Summer Intensive Year 3 is 2 weeks.

Admissions Criteria

Exceptionally well-qualified applicants who are committed to an academic career, are U.S. citizens or permanent residents and have completed an application for the PhD Program at the Fitzpatrick College of Nursing are eligible to apply. Applicants must meet all the admission criteria for the traditional PhD Program. If an applicant is BSN-prepared, GRE scores must be submitted as part of the application. Evidence of the following are preferred criteria for admission into the Joanne and William Conway PhD Fellows Program:

• publication record
• scholarship experience, such as being a team member on a research study/conducting a pilot study
• career goal to commit to an academic teaching position upon graduation
• knowledge and willingness to the Manuscript Option Dissertation group interview (PhD PD/Associate Dean Graduate Program/Research active full/a professor
• identification of clear and feasible research question
• identification of a dissertation chair along with a strong rationale for this choice

 For May admission as a Joanne and William Conway PhD Fellow interested candidates must have all completed applications receive by December 1. No applications submitted after December 1 st will be considered for The Joanne and William Conway PhD Fellows Program. If an applicant is not selected as a Joanne and William Conway PhD Fellow, the application will be included in the general pool of applicants being considered for admission into the traditional FCN PhD Program. 

Application Decisions

  The PhD Advisory Committee reviews all PhD applications and members of this committee will select the Joanne and William Conway PhD Fellows. Annually, there will be five Conway PhD Fellows selected for five consecutive years starting in 2023. All applicants accepted into The Joanne and William Conway PhD Fellows Program will be notified directly via email on or before December 15 th . A hardcopy of the acceptance letter and formal agreement will be sent via the U.S. postal service to recipient’s permanent address. Decision to accept the offer as a Joanne and William Conway PhD Fellow, must be sent to [email protected] .  Fellows will be required to sign and return the agreement before scholarship funds are disbursed. 

Joanne and William Conway PhD Fellow Requirements

• Joanne and William Conway PhD fellows are strongly encouraged not to work. The Accelerated PhD Program should be considered a full-time job. 
• Should a Joanne and William Conway PhD Fellow fail to maintain good academic standing, as evidence of B (83.0 average or better) in every course, and/or cease to satisfy eligibility requirements, they will have their scholarship terminated. 
• A Joanne and William Conway PhD Fellow must maintain full-time status as per the PhD Accelerated Curriculum. If a Fellow chooses to be unenrolled for a semester or requests a formal Leave of Absence the scholarship will be terminated.

PhD Conway Faculty Fellow

Gail McCain, PhD, RN, FAAN Conway Fellow Mentor Dr. McCain received a Diploma in Nursing from Fairview General Hospital, Cleveland OH, a BA from Baldwin Wallace College (Sociology), a MA (Sociology and Anthropology) from Kent State University, a MS (Child Health Nursing) from SUNY Buffalo, a PhD (Nursing Science) from Case Western Reserve University, and she completed a Robert Wood Johnson Post-Doctoral Fellowship at the University of Pennsylvania. The focus of her NINR/NIH funded research has been the development and feeding of preterm infants. Her studies have included randomized clinical trials, mixed methods, and the use of bio-behavioral outcomes. She has past clinical experience as a PNP in primary care, and as a Clinical Nurse Specialist in the NICU. She is the Research Editor for Neonatal Network, The Journal of Neonatal Nursing. She retired in 2021 from the position of Dean and Professor, the School of Nursing, Hunter College, CUNY.

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How to Complete Your PhD in 3 Years

Accelerate your phd journey: how to complete your phd in 3 years.

Completing a PhD in just 3 years may seem like a difficult task, but with proper planning and determination, it can be achieved. In this article, iLovePhD will share practical strategies to help you succeed in your PhD journey and graduate within the desired timeframe.

Discover actionable strategies and expert tips to complete your PhD in just three years. Learn how to stay focused, organize your research, seek guidance, and maintain a healthy work-life balance to achieve your academic goals efficiently. Start your journey towards a successful PhD graduation now!

1. Choose the Right Research Topic

Selecting a suitable research topic is the foundation of a successful PhD Start by picking a well-defined, feasible topic that aligns with your interests and expertise. This ensures you focus your efforts on a subject that truly excites you and is manageable within the given time frame.

Selecting a feasible and focused research topic is crucial. Consider these points:

• Interest and Passion : Choose a topic you are passionate about to stay motivated.
• Feasibility : Ensure the topic is manageable within a three-year timeframe.
• Resources and Data Availability : Opt for a topic with accessible resources and data

2. Organize Your Work Efficiently

Breaking down your research into smaller tasks and setting achievable deadlines will help you stay on track. Utilize project management tools or apps to keep your progress organized and monitor your accomplishments.

Effective organization can save you significant time:

• Project Management Tools : Use Trello, Asana, or Microsoft Project to track progress.
• Documentation : Keep detailed records of your research, experiments, and findings.
• Reference Management : Use software like EndNote or Mendeley to organize your references.

3. Develop a Strong Proposal Early On

Craft your research proposal as early as possible and seek approval from your advisor or committee. A solid proposal sets the stage for your research and avoids unnecessary delays.

A well-structured plan will guide your research process:

• Timeline : Break down your three years into smaller milestones and set deadlines for each phase.
• Literature Review : Conduct a comprehensive review early to understand existing research and identify gaps.
• Methodology : Clearly define your research methods and ensure they are practical and efficient.

4. Seek Guidance Actively

Regularly communicate with your advisor or mentors to discuss your progress, challenges, and potential solutions. Seeking feedback actively ensures you stay on the right path and don’t waste valuable time in the wrong direction.

Your supervisor plays a pivotal role in your PhD journey:

• Compatibility : Choose a supervisor whose research interests align with yours.
• Availability : Ensure they have the time to provide regular guidance and feedback.
• Mentorship : Seek a supervisor who offers constructive criticism and supports your academic growth.

5. Conduct an Efficient Literature Review

Conducting a thorough literature review early on will help you identify existing research and gaps in your field. This process guides your research scope and prevents redundant efforts.

6. Stay Focused and Avoid Distractions:

Maintaining focus is crucial during your PhD journey. Limit non-essential activities that may consume your time and energy, allowing you to concentrate on your research.

Time management is critical in a condensed timeline:

• Daily Goals : Set achievable daily goals to maintain momentum.
• Avoid Procrastination : Use techniques like the Pomodoro Technique to stay focused.
• Balance : Allocate time for rest to avoid burnout.

7. Collaborate and Network

Collaborate with peers and researchers in your field. Networking can lead to valuable insights, shared resources, and potential collaboration opportunities, all of which can accelerate your research progress.

Securing adequate funding can alleviate stress and provide necessary resources:

• Scholarships and Grants : Apply for scholarships, grants, and fellowships early.
• Research Assistantships : Consider working as a research assistant for additional funding and experience.
• Institutional Resources : Utilize your institution’s resources, such as libraries, labs, and academic support services.

8. Regular Writing Practice

Start writing your thesis early in the process. Regular writing clarifies your ideas and findings, making the final thesis writing process more manageable.

Writing should be a continuous process, not left until the end:

• Regular Writing Schedule : Dedicate specific times each week to write.
• Chapter-by-Chapter : Aim to complete chapters individually rather than waiting to write everything at once.
• Feedback Loop : Regularly share drafts with your supervisor and peers for feedback.

9. Prioritize Your Health and Manage Stress

Pursuing a PhD can be mentally and emotionally demanding. Make sure to take care of yourself, manage stress, and maintain a healthy work-life balance to avoid burnout.

10. Be Adaptable

Unexpected challenges or setbacks are common during research. Be adaptable and open to adjusting your plans as needed to stay on track.

PhD research can be unpredictable:

• Flexibility : Be prepared to adjust your research plan if you encounter obstacles.
• Problem-Solving : Develop strong problem-solving skills to tackle challenges effectively.
• Support Network : Build a network of fellow researchers, friends, and family for emotional and academic support.

Aim to Defend Early: Set a goal to defend your PhD thesis early in your third year. This provides ample time to address any revisions or feedback from your committee.

Your final defense is the culmination of your PhD journey:

• Mock Defenses : Conduct mock defenses with peers and supervisors to prepare.
• Presentation Skills : Hone your presentation skills to communicate your research effectively.
• Confidence : Trust in your knowledge and preparation to confidently defend your thesis.

Completing a PhD in three years requires dedication, focus, and efficient planning. While it is an ambitious goal, it’s essential to remember that the quality and impact of your research matter more than the timeframe. By following these steps and staying committed to your goals, you can make significant progress in your PhD journey and set yourself up for success in academia and beyond.

Also Read: Top 50 Possible PhD Viva Questions

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3-Year PhD-to-MD Program

Bring science from the lab bench to the hospital bedside for the betterment of mankind in our 3-Year PhD-to-MD program. PhD scientists in the biological sciences earn an MD degree and train for a career in biomedical investigation. The usual four-year medical school curriculum is modified to three years for students in this program, as follows:

• Preclinical courses: 16 months
• Major clinical year: 12 months
• Electives, board prep, and interviews: 5 months

In addition, the scholarly project requirement is waived. Students apply for residency in the middle of major clinical year. The medical training for this program is the same as that for Columbia's MD-PhD program. 

Read more on the Department of Medicine website . 

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Department of Geography

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

The Ph.D. is a different kind of degree from the master’s degree. A doctoral candidate in geography must be capable of making original contributions to knowledge and scholarship. For the students to make such contributions, they must concentrate on a narrow and clearly defined field of study. We require, however, that doctoral candidates know more of geography than their particular specialties; thus, any aspirant for a doctorate must obtain master’s training or its equivalent before being admitted to doctoral candidacy. In short, admission to doctoral candidacy is official recognition that a student’s general foundation in the breadth of geography is satisfactory. Students then devote their attention to developing depth in chosen specialties.

The general requirements for a doctoral degree in geography are more rigorous than those for a master’s degree. At the same time, the greater flexibility of the doctoral program allows advanced students to pursue programs of study tailored to their special interests and needs.

Progress through the degree is marked by: 

• Successful performance in a verbal qualifying exam; 
• Four-day written comprehensive exam, with a verbal portion after the written answers have been assessed by the committee;  
• Formal dissertation proposal; and 
• Verbal defense of a completed dissertation.

The four-year Ph.D. program is reserved for students who have a master’s degree from another graduate program. That can be another geography program at another university, a non-geography program at another university, or a non-geography program at Penn State.

Students entering the four-year Ph.D. program must take the doctoral qualifying exam in their first year. A committee from three of the four fields of geography and formally appointed by the Graduate Program Officer will administer the qualifying exam. The qualifying exam can take place any time during the year, but students in the four-year Ph.D. program typically take it during spring semester.

Students in the four-year Ph.D. program complete a comprehensive exam and defend their dissertation proposal in the second year. Depending on the needs of their research, and in agreement with their doctoral committee, students can fulfill these two requirements in either order. Once students have successfully passed their comprehensive exam and defended their proposal, they typically take two years to research, write, and defend their dissertations.

Our online Graduate Student Handbook explains the program requirements for all degrees.

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How to Graduate College in Three Years

Cece Gilmore is a Content Writer at Scholarships360. Cece earned her undergraduate degree in Journalism and Mass Communications from Arizona State University. While at ASU, she was the education editor as well as a published staff reporter at Downtown Devil. Cece was also the co-host of her own radio show on Blaze Radio ASU.

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Bill Jack has over a decade of experience in college admissions and financial aid. Since 2008, he has worked at Colby College, Wesleyan University, University of Maine at Farmington, and Bates College.

Maria Geiger is Director of Content at Scholarships360. She is a former online educational technology instructor and adjunct writing instructor. In addition to education reform, Maria’s interests include viewpoint diversity, blended/flipped learning, digital communication, and integrating media/web tools into the curriculum to better facilitate student engagement. Maria earned both a B.A. and an M.A. in English Literature from Monmouth University, an M. Ed. in Education from Monmouth University, and a Virtual Online Teaching Certificate (VOLT) from the University of Pennsylvania.

Do you want to graduate college in record time and save thousands of dollars in tuition? If so, you could be holding your college degree in three years! Discover how to make this a reality by reading this guide (written by a three year college graduate!) about how to graduate college in three years. The pros and cons of graduating early, as well as how to actually graduate early, are all covered. Let’s get started!

Pros of graduating college in three years

Lower cost to earn your degree.

By graduating in three years, you will reduce the amount of tuition, fees, and housing costs by one year. This will save you a substantial amount of money for the same degree.

Enter the workforce earlier

Graduating early provides the opportunity to receive a steady flow of income from a job earlier than your peers. This can help you pay off any debt you may have or allow you to begin building up your savings. 

Able to enter grad school sooner

Similarly to being able to enter the workforce early, you will also have the opportunity to enter graduate school earlier and receive your credentials in a faster time frame. This will help you lower the number of years you will need to be in school for your education. 

Related : What is the average amount of graduate school debt?

Ability to take a gap year

If you graduate early, you may not feel as pressured to get a full-time job or attend graduate school right away. Rather, you can take the year to travel or figure out what you want to do next. This is the perfect time to do so because you will still be on the same timeframe as your peers who are taking the typical four-year route to complete their undergraduate degree. So if you graduate early, you will not fall behind by taking a gap year. 

Also see : Taking a gap year: everything you need to know 

Student author perspective

Cece Gilmore | Student, Arizona State University

Cons of graduating college in three years

Dealing with a tougher workload.

If you plan to graduate in three years, you will typically have a tougher and longer workload than your fellow classmates. This is because you will need to take more credits per semester in order to graduate with the necessary number of credits. This means your college life will be filled with a lot of exams, studying, and time management. Your classmates may have a more flexible and lenient college schedule. 

Missing out on some of the college experience

When you graduate, the rest of your class will be enjoying their senior year together, which can be extremely hard to part from. This means you will lose out on one year of the college experience which includes networking with students. Additionally, with a shorter timeline, you may need to prioritize academics over other activities which could limit your chances for personal and professional growth.

May not be ready emotionally

Post-college life is very different from college life. When you enter the real world, you will have greater financial worries that involve finding a place to live and applying for a steady job . Therefore, it can be hard to transition from college to the real world,  exacerbated by leaving behind all of your friends who are staying in school.

Missing out on internship opportunities

You may miss out on internship or externship opportunities if you graduate early. This could be a disadvantage because employees typically want to hire individuals with work experience that can be earned through internships and externships. 

Also read : How to get an internship guide

How to graduate college in three years

Ok, so if the pros are more appealing, and you are ready to throw your hat in the “graduate in three years” ring, keep reading! Ideally, you are on your way to graduating college early by being aware of some of the tips below, but if not, there is usually a way to come up to speed as far as required credits. Let’s find out what you need to do next!

Start in high school

There are many opportunities in high school to receive college credit such as AP , IB , dual-enrollment classes, and CLEP exams. Taking these more challenging classes allows students to enter college with credits already earned towards their degree. This means that students who have college credit are able to pass over taking some core  classes. Ultimately, students will need to earn fewer credits to graduate with their bachelor’s degree from the college they attend.

Also read : Why should I earn college credit in high school? 

Choose a major with fewer requirements

Some majors have fewer required courses or allow for more flexibility in course selection. Consider choosing a major that not only aligns with your interests and career goals, but also has a manageable and flexible course load! 

Work closely with your academic advisor to create a plan 

If you want to graduate college in three years, let your academic advisor know this from the start.  This will allow them the opportunity to help you plan out the best course of action in order to graduate early without being too stressed. Some students create a mock three year plan for their course schedule for reference.

Working closely with your academic advisor, take it upon yourself to learn the degree programs requirements. Some students schedule  a variety of in-person and asynchronous online courses to ensure that they have the proper amount of time to focus and succeed in their classes.

Overload your credits

The average number of credits a student takes per semester is around 15 credits. However, most colleges allow students to take more than 15 credits a semester with approval and/or extra cost. Therefore, try to take as many credits as you can manage per semester to help give you the flexibility and opportunity to graduate in three years. 

Student author experience

Take advantage of summer classes.

Summer classes can help you complete your degree requirements in a quicker time frame. Many colleges offer summer courses which can be completed in a shorter amount of time than a regular semester-long course. Summer courses even offer the opportunity to focus on one to two courses at a time which can help boost your GPA. Additionally, summer courses can allow you to take prerequisites earlier allowing more freedom and opportunities to get ahead in your degree requirements. 

Also see: Does financial aid cover summer classes?

Utilize community college course offerings

Similarly to summer classes, community college courses allow students the opportunity to get ahead in their course credits. Community colleges offer an abundance of intro leveled classes during winter break and summer break. Community college classes offer an alternative to summer courses that allow students to get ahead on credits.  

Graduating college in three years with a minor or a double major 

Adding a minor or double major could make it more difficult to graduate in three years, but it is very dependent on the requirements of the additional program. A minor requires fewer credits than a major and can be completed simultaneously with your major. Therefore, it may be straightforward to add a minor and still graduate within three years. 

A double major requires a significant amount of additional coursework and may be more difficult to complete within the three-year timeframe. It is very important to work closely with your academic advisor to plan your schedule in order to ensure that you will meet all of the necessary requirements for two majors. 

Ultimately, it is very dependent upon the programs and the college if adding a minor or a double major could still allow you to graduate in three years. Therefore, work with your academic advisor to go over your options and choose programs that fit with your three year goal. 

Should you graduate college in three years?

Whether or not you graduate college in three years depends on your individual circumstances and goals. Graduating college in three years can be an amazing opportunity for students who want to save money on tuition and enter the workforce or graduate school sooner. However, it may not be the best decision for everyone (re-read the “cons” shared earlier if you are still not sure). Also, consider the following when trying to decide whether graduating college in three years is right for you:

Financial situation

The most tangible benefit to graduating college in three years is the amount of money you will save. Graduating in three years will save you a significant amount of money on tuition, room and board, and other college related expenses. Review your financial situation (and personal aspirations) to determine whether graduating in three years is the best financial decision for your personal circumstances. 

Your academic goals

If you plan to pursue graduate school, graduating in three years may limit your academic and research opportunities that could help make you a stronger candidate for graduate school. Ultimately, think about what you want out of your education and if completing your degree in three years will still allow you to complete your academic goals. 

Internship opportunities

Graduating in three years allows you to enter the workforce or graduate school earlier. However, one less year of college may also limit the opportunities for internships, which can be valuable for building your resume. 

Personal life

An accelerated plan to graduate can be a challenging college journey to face. Ultimately, it requires that  you sacrifice time and energy that could be spent on social activities, a job, hobbies, or personal interests. Therefore, make sure you are willing to make these sacrifices and can manage a heavier workload than your peers.

In addition, it can be really hard emotionally to graduate before all of your friends and enter the real world feeling alone or not connected to your graduating class. Ultimately, reflect on your personal life and whether or not the benefits of graduating in three years outweigh the drawbacks. 

Will graduating early from college affect my financial aid and scholarships? 

Graduating in three years from college may affect your financial aid and scholarships in different ways, depending on the conditions of your aid. If you have received scholarships or grants that are linked to a specific number of years or semesters of enrollment, graduating early could impact your eligibility for those funds. However, this is a very situational exception that could occur. Ultimately, you should consult with your college’s financial aid office to understand how graduating in three years may impact your eligibility for aid. 

So, should you graduate college in three years? 

Ultimately, whether or not you should graduate in three years is a personal decision that depends on your individual goals, priorities and circumstances. Consider all of the benefits and disadvantages of graduating college in three years to determine the best path forward for you. Be sure to discuss your situation and goals with your academic advisor who could provide advice on if graduating in three years is obtainable and worth it for your personal situation.

Remember, your college journey is your own path so it can be as long or as short of a journey as you want it to be! 

Final thoughts from student author on graduating college in three years

Key takeaways.

• Pros of graduating from college in three years include: lower cost, ability to enter the workforce and graduate school sooner, and the opportunity to take a gap year
• Cons of graduating from college in three years include: a tougher course load, you may miss out on the college experience, you may not be emotionally ready, and you may miss out on internship opportunities
• In order to graduate college in three years, you should take college credit courses and exams in high school, plan your college schedule carefully, overload your credits, and take advantage of summer and community college courses 
• Always work closely with your academic advisor and discuss your options
• Consider factors such as your financial situation, your academic goals, and your personal life to help you determine if graduating from college in three years is the best option for you

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Frequently asked questions about how to graduate college in three years

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Department of History

Ph.d. program overview.

The Ph.D. program in History trains students in the skills of conducting original historical research and crafting original historical arguments. In the course of their work as historians, Brown scholars draw on a wide range of methods and engage with a variety of audiences. While training emphasizes the core skills of academic research, writing, and teaching at the college and university level, the program’s goals do not end there. Many Brown Ph.D. students explore teaching and writing for different settings and prepare for a breadth of careers that value the skills that obtaining a Ph.D. in History entails.

Students are expected to complete Brown’s Ph.D. program in five to six years. As a mid-sized program, the department values and cultivates attentive and hands-on faculty who work closely with students throughout their progress towards a degree. Critically, students in an entering cohort proceed through the program together, so that discussions across fields, geographies, and chronologies are built into the Ph.D. program.

Students accepted into the History Ph.D. program who remain in good standing are guaranteed funding for six years. Ph.D. students not supported by external fellowships work typically as teaching assistants in the second, third, and fifth (and, if relevant, a portion of the sixth) years of their program. There are also opportunities to apply for conference, research, and study grants either through the History Department or the Graduate School.

The information presented here is a summary of the Ph.D. program. For a more detailed description, see the Department of History Graduate Handbook. Prospective students should also read carefully the information supplied on the website of Brown’s Graduate School.

The Program is divided into two stages:

Stage 1: Coursework and preparation for the Preliminary Exams (Years 1-3)

During the first and second years, students take seminars that introduce the major historiographical questions and methodologies of various subfields and develop their research skills. They identify the three fields for their Preliminary Exams and begin preparation for the exams, which are usually taken in December of the third year. Students are expected to teach as teaching assistants in their second and third years.

History offers five types of Ph.D. courses, typically to be completed within the first three years of a student’s program:

1)    Required seminars (4): "History Now" features cutting-edge historical research and writing, including that being written by History faculty members; "The Roots of History" traces the development of the historical profession, focusing on the major methodological and theoretical landmarks in that development; an advanced workshop, "Writing History," guides students through the writing of a publishable paper; a Dissertation Prospectus Seminar culminates in the student’s defense of the dissertation plan and proposal.

2)    Field Seminars offer a broad overview of the historiography of particular fields (e.g., Early Modern Europe, Modern East Asia).

3)    Thematic Seminars provide opportunities to explore a particular theme or methodological frame from a transnational and transtemporal perspective.

4)    Special Topics Seminars focus on the historiography of a particular nation or region, historical "event," or historiographical debate. They allow for focused, close training, including in specialized skills and readings in languages other than English.

5)    Independent Study courses, by arrangement with the instructor, offer students, individually or in small groups, opportunities to explore special interests in depth.

In addition, students will receive course credit for attending "The Practice of History," a series of professionalization workshops that provide guidance in grant-writing, applying for jobs, developing inclusive teaching practices, constructing effective syllabuses, etc.

Students typically take four courses per semester. Up to two graduate courses (exclusive of language courses) may be taken outside the department.

A typical schedule looks like this:

* Can be filled in a number of ways, including a language course, a 1000-level class, an independent study, a 2000-level class, or with a placeholder independent study with the DGS (HIST2910)

Preliminary Examinations 

By the end of the first semester, students should have identified three fields (one major and two minor); these are usually subfields of the primary and secondary fields listed under Fields of Study ). These will be the areas examined in the Preliminary Examinations—three written and one oral exam—usually completed by the end of the fifth semester.

Language Requirement

Language requirements are set by the fields of study. They must be completed before the preliminary examinations are taken at the end of the fifth semester.

Stage 2: Prospectus and advancement to candidacy (Years 3-5/6)

After the successful completion of all coursework, the language requirement, and the preliminary examinations, the student, usually during the course of the sixth semester, develops a dissertation prospectus. Once the prospectus is approved by the student’s dissertation committee, the student devotes full effort (outside of work as a Teaching Assistant) to researching and writing the dissertation.

In the sixth semester, students take the Dissertation Prospectus Seminar, which provides a collaborative structure for the process of identifying viable dissertation projects, selecting a Dissertation Committee, articulating the project in the form of a dissertation prospectus, and, when appropriate, developing grant proposals based on the prospectus. The prospectus, in roughly 15 to 20 pages, states the dissertation topic, sets it in the context of the relevant secondary historical literature, explains the significance of the study, outlines the methodology to be followed, describes the types of primary sources to be used, and provides a tentative chapter outline, a bibliography, and a research plan. During the Dissertation Prospectus Defense, usually held in May or June, the Dissertation Committee reviews the prospectus and provides suggestions and advice to the student. Once the prospectus is approved, the student proceeds to conduct research on the dissertation.

Dissertation

Dissertations can vary significantly between students and among subfields. Students should consult regularly with their advisors during the dissertation research and writing process, to report progress and to ensure agreement on expectations for the dissertation. The most basic standard for a dissertation is that it makes an original contribution to the body of relevant scholarship in its field. The doctoral dissertation should be completed within four years after the student passes the preliminary examinations.

The Dissertation Defense is conducted by the graduate advisor and other members of the Dissertation Committee. Its purpose is to provide a forum for a general discussion of the dissertation—its strengths and weaknesses as a contribution to knowledge and its future prospects.  If the dissertation is approved by the Dissertation Committee, the student has completed the final requirement of the Ph.D. program and can prepare to graduate.

Candidates for the Ph.D. must normally demonstrate satisfactory performance as a Teaching Assistant in undergraduate courses at Brown, or in teaching at another institution approved by the department. A Teaching Assistant usually works as a grader and section discussion leader under the guidance of the faculty member teaching the course. Ph.D. students not supported by external fellowships typically work as Teaching Assistants in the second, third, and fifth years of their program, and one semester in their sixth year. Explanation of the rights and responsibilities of teaching assistants may be found in the Department of History Graduate Handbook.

The written exam for each individual field may consist of (1) a timed, written, closed or open book exam, (2) a long essay or series of shorter essays, or (3) a draft syllabus and one or several course lectures. (Other potential outcomes must be approved ahead of time by the DGS.) The written exam may be completed (1) when the student finishes reading for a field, leaving only the oral portion for December, or (2) immediately before the oral exam in December. The oral exam, which normally takes place in December of the third year, is two hours long and consists of all three exam committee members querying the student regarding the written exams, the field at large, and/or any materials from the exam list. For more details on the preliminary exams, see the History Graduate Student Handbook.

Summary of Exam Process

• May 19 : Fields Declaration Form submitted to the student’s primary advisor (who will normally be the chair of the exam committee), the DGS, and the graduate program administrator
• Summer: Students should initiate conversations with examiners regarding lists and procedures. 
• January : Preparation for the preliminarily exam should begin in earnest, continuing through the summer and fall. Students should enroll for an Independent Study in semester 4 with their primary advisor or other examiner (see above).
• March 31 : Submission of Fields Planning Form , along with drafts of the three field lists and a progress report on language and all other requirements
• September : Graduate program administrator circulates information about the oral portion of the exam.
• November : Graduate program administrator circulates schedules for the oral exams, along with all submitted written exam responses.
• Early to mid-December : Oral exams are conducted. 

Sample Exam Preparation Schedule Note : This is intended only to provide a rough framework for exam preparation; individual exam processes may vary, depending on examiner and student availability and preference.

• January : Initiate reading for Field 1 (usually major field, as part of IS)
• April : Complete written exam for Field 1
• May : Initiate reading for Field 2
• July : Complete written exam for Field 2
• August : Initiate reading for Field 3
• October : Complete written exam for Field 3
• November : Review Fields 1, 2, and 3 in preparation for oral exam

December : Complete oral exams

The capstone project of the Ph.D. program is the Doctoral Dissertation. The Department’s required core course sequence concludes with the Dissertation Prospectus Seminar, which students take in the sixth semester, usually after passing their Preliminary Exams.

The Dissertation Prospectus Seminar (spring semester of the third year) provides a shared structure for the process of identifying viable dissertation projects, selecting a dissertation committee, articulating the project in the form of a dissertation prospectus, and, where appropriate, developing grant proposals based on the prospectus. The dissertation committee, the selection of which is a requirement of the course, consists of a chair and at least two additional Brown faculty members. 

The dissertation committee will be responsible for evaluating the student's dissertation prospectus, to be presented no later than the end of the sixth semester. This usually takes the form of a dissertation prospectus defense, which is an important moment to bring together the dissertation committee to provide input and advice on the prospectus as well as the next steps of research and writing.

After passing the preliminary exams and obtaining approval of their dissertation prospectus by the dissertation committee, Ph.D. candidates are encouraged to proceed with speed and efficiency into the research process. During the research and writing of the thesis, it is the student's responsibility to regularly provide the graduate advisor with evidence of satisfactory progress towards completion. The doctoral dissertation should be completed within four years after the student passes the preliminary exams.

The department expects each student to have a dissertation defense The defense will normally be conducted by the graduate advisor and dissertation committee members, whether in person or via video conference. If the candidate wishes, other graduate students may attend and participate in the discussion.

A Dissertation Defense form must be filled out by the student and submitted to the Department staff. This form should be filed at the same time as the submission of the penultimate version of the dissertation, on March 15 for a May graduation, or no later than one month prior to the dissertation defense date if an October or February graduation. 

If the dissertation is approved by the dissertation committee, the student has completed the final requirement of the Ph.D. and is permitted to proceed with preparations for graduation. Students are permitted by the Graduate School to graduate (having fulfilled all requirements) at three points during the year: October, February, and May. Students who wish to take part in Commencement ceremonies may elect to walk in May following their graduation (or at the time of their graduation, if in May). Brown University Commencement usually takes place the Sunday before Memorial Day. There is a separate Graduate School Ceremony as well as a Department Ceremony that graduate students are especially encouraged to attend.

Amy G. Remensnyder

Mechanical Engineering

• Graduate study in Mechanical Engineering
• Ph.D. programs

Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering

The Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering prepares students for careers in research and academia. Our collaborative faculty are investigating a diverse range of research areas like additive manufacturing, air quality, cellular biomechanics, computational design, DNA origami, energy conversion and storage, nanoscale manufacturing, soft robotics, transdermal drug delivery, transport phenomena, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.

Interested? Visit our research pages for more information, including faculty areas of expertise and research videos.

• Other Ph.D. programs

I’d like more information.

View the  degree requirements  in the handbook.

Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering

Students typically complete the Ph.D. degree requirements in three to five years. Early in the program, students focus on course-work that enhances their knowledge as they prepare to conduct research.

Within one year, students must pass the departmental qualifying exam, an oral exam that tests research skills and knowledge of a core mechanical engineering subject area.

Student research forms the core of the Ph.D. program. Research involves active student-directed inquiry into an engineering problem, culminating in a written thesis and oral defense.

Ph.D. Financial Support

The majority of full-time Ph.D. students accepted through the standard application process receive fellowships that cover full tuition, the technology fee, and a stipend for living expenses for up to five years, as long as sufficient progress is made toward degree completion. These awards are sufficient to cover all expenses for the year (including summers). Students are required to pay for health insurance, the transportation fee, the activity fee, books, and course supplies. Off-campus housing is available within walking distance of campus. At least one year of residency is required for the Ph.D. We offer two ways to enter the Ph.D. program.

Advanced entry Ph.D.

The advanced entry Ph.D. is for students with an M.S. in an engineering discipline or equivalent field.

Direct Ph.D.

The direct Ph.D. is for students entering the program with a B.S. in an engineering discipline or equivalent field.

For a comprehensive overview of the programs, including degree requirements, please consult the most recent handbook

Ph.D. candidate Remesh Shrestha, co-advised by Professors Sheng Shen and Maarten de Boer, explains his research to create polymer nanowires that have high thermal conductivity:

Other Ph.D. programs and partnerships

Apply here (by these deadlines).

For spring 2023

For fall 2022

The application for fall entry opens in October.

More information

Ph.D. employment stats

Ph.D. enrollment and completion stats [pdf]

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A year of record-setting milestones across key indicators at Purdue University

As the new academic year begins, Purdue University’s execution for excellence at scale in the areas of learning, research and engagement has led to new records in almost all dimensions during the fiscal year that ran from July 1, 2023, through June 30, 2024.

Financials and physical facilities

Purdue’s trend of breaking key institutionwide records during fiscal year 2024 extended across the philanthropic sector. The university set records for new gift commitments and philanthropic cash in 2024. New gift commitments reached $632.3 million, which broke the record of $610.3 million set a year ago. The philanthropic cash total of $349.8 million broke the 2022 record of $245.3 million. These efforts were propelled by continued growth in the number of donors, which rose to 85,421, a record for total annual donors outside a major campaign. The university’s endowment climbed to $4.1 billion, reflecting an 11.6% return. And $1.5 billion worth of construction and major renovations on 28 campus projects were started, with an industry-high 87-88% of them on time and on budget.

Research awards and national center wins

Purdue’s sponsored program awards climbed to a record $757.5 million from $622.4 million the previous fiscal year. Research awards from external sources reached a record $647.7 million, up from $613.3 million a year ago, a figure considered a high benchmark for a university without a medical school. Purdue also signed nine new master research agreements with industry partners, including one as part of the landmark announcement by South Korea-based SK hynix to invest nearly $4 billion to build an advanced packaging fabrication and R&D facility for artificial intelligence semiconductor products in the Purdue Research Park. Additionally, Purdue was the only university in the U.S. as a leading university partner in winning all three national hub competitions last year — Heartland BioWorks, Midwest Alliance for Clean Hydrogen, and Silicon Crossroads Microelectronics Commons — focused on ensuring the U.S. remains globally competitive in key national security areas.

Patents and startups

A barometer of Purdue’s thriving entrepreneurship culture, intellectual property disclosures surged to a record 466 from 400 in fiscal 2023, the Office of Technology Commercialization reported. Additionally, 290 patents were issued, while the number of patent licenses skyrocketed to a record 224. This ecosystem helped establish 16 startup companies based on Purdue research.

Faculty awards, citations and books

The number of research publication citations by Purdue faculty rose nearly 13% to 435,087, while the number of books published by faculty jumped nearly 40% to 60. Meanwhile, 40 faculty members received prestigious awards, up 11% from the number recognized last year.

Undergraduate applications and admissions

Purdue welcomed its most selective class of undergraduate students for the 2024-25 academic year. This fall’s projected class of undergraduate Boilermakers starting in West Lafayette and the new urban campus Indianapolis was selected at a 49.8% admission rate from a record-setting pool of 78,522 applicants, with a post-summer-melt yield rate at a record 30%, significantly higher than all historical data. Their average SAT score was a record 1329, up 10 points from last year.

Graduation rates and earnings-to-debt ratio

The number of Boilermakers graduating in four years rose to 67%, the highest in recent record, and the six-year graduation rate remained at 84%, vs. 74% in 2008. Another positive pocketbook trend: The number of Boilermakers graduating without debt was up 3 percentage points to 64%, while the earnings-to-debt ratio increased further to 6.7.

Graduate applications and admissions

As goes the undergraduate student trend, so goes the demand for advanced degrees. Sparked by progress in achieving excellence at scale academically, graduate student applications reached another record level. PhD candidate applications hit 11,677, while master’s student applications climbed to 14,403, both new records in recent memory.

Online enrollment

Purdue’s ongoing commitment to growing its online offerings is drawing increased interest and activity. Enrollment in Purdue’s online master’s degree programs rose 23% to a record 5,245 students. The number of students taking online post-bachelor certificate classes surged 56% to 15,955. Total number of Purdue University’s online students exceeded 20,000 for the first time, in addition to almost 13,000 residential undergraduates taking at least one course online.

Excitement at Purdue wasn’t confined to classrooms and research labs. Athletics had a banner year, as the men’s basketball team registered its winningest season in program history, with 34 victories. Led by the first ever two-time unanimous National Player of the Year Zach Edey, the Boilermakers appeared in their first national championship game since 1969 as March Madness captivated Boiler nation. At the same time, the six-year graduation rate for our student-athletes hit a record 90%, their average GPA was 3.2 and career placement was 100%.

Reputation and visibility

In both QS and Times Higher Ed worldwide rankings, Purdue is ranked among top 10 American public universities. Purdue has enjoyed six straight years as a top 10 Most Innovative university as designated by U.S. News & World Report, and 13 undergraduate programs were ranked in the top 10 in the nation in its 2024 survey. Overall, Purdue ranked No. 43 among 435 U.S. universities, up eight spots from 2023 and rising to the highest position in school history.

Earned media placements jumped 34% to a record 119,345, while social media impressions skyrocketed to 160 million. Listeners to the “This Is Purdue” podcast reached 2.2 million, ranking tops in Apple podcasts’ education category. Visits to purdue.edu topped 15.8 million, up 9%.

About Purdue University

Purdue University is a public research institution demonstrating excellence at scale. Ranked among top 10 public universities and with two colleges in the top four in the United States, Purdue discovers and disseminates knowledge with a quality and at a scale second to none. More than 105,000 students study at Purdue across modalities and locations, including nearly 50,000 in person on the West Lafayette campus. Committed to affordability and accessibility, Purdue’s main campus has frozen tuition 13 years in a row. See how Purdue never stops in the persistent pursuit of the next giant leap — including its first comprehensive urban campus in Indianapolis, the Mitch Daniels School of Business, Purdue Computes and the One Health initiative — at  https://www.purdue.edu/president/strategic-initiatives .

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August 14, 2024

JD Vance Was Born James Donald Bowman But Changed His Name 3 Times?

"what is jd vance hiding," one x user asked of the republican vice presidential candidate., anna rascouët-paz, published aug. 16, 2024.

About this rating

Vance was indeed given the name James Donald Bowman at birth, after his biological father …

… but, officially, he has only changed his name twice, not three times. The first name change was the result of his adoption by his stepfather. The second name change was one he requested as he was about to graduate from Yale Law School, a year before he got married.

In summer 2024, as the U.S. presidential election gathered momentum, social media users started claiming that Republican vice presidential candidate JD Vance had changed his name three times since being born James Donald Bowman ( archived ).

One post — which had amassed more than 51,000 views and 1,700 likes as of this writing and included an image showing two photos of Vance, one young, the other as an adult — read:

WHO ARE YOU? Definitely not a "hillbilly"... that's literary fiction. Born as James Donald Bowman Grew up in the suburbs of Middleton [sic], Ohio Not poor at all, went to Yale Changed middle name to David Changed name again to Jimmy Hamel Changed name to JD Vance 10 years ago when he married his wife.

Several Snopes readers inquired about the meme and others that closely resembled it, including the following:

The claim contained true and false elements, therefore we rated it "Mixture."

Vance was indeed born James Donald Bowman, after his biological father Donald Ray Bowman. However, his parents separated when he was young. Later, his mother Beverly Carol (née Vance) remarried. Her new husband, Robert Hamel adopted him and, in the adoption papers, his name became James David Hamel — representing his first official name change.  

" When Bob became my legal father , Mom changed my name from James Donald Bowman to James David Hamel," Vance wrote in his book, " Hillbilly Elegy . " Here is the audiobook version of that passage, at three minutes and 14 seconds of the fifth chapter.

(JD Vance, "Hillbilly Elegy")

Snopes can therefore confirm that his birth name was James Donald Bowman and that his mother changed his middle name to David at the same time his stepfather adopted him, giving him the name James David Hamel.

Vance then graduated Middletown High School as J.D. Hamel . This was also the name he served under in the U.S. Marine Corps, where he was known as Cpl. James D. Hamel . He even blogged under that name from 2005 to 2010.

But by his last year at Yale Law School, he adopted Vance as his last name, which matched that of his beloved grandmother, Bonnie Blanton Vance . His mother and stepfather had divorced and Vance never saw his stepfather again. Vance chose this last name to honor his grandmother and also because he no longer felt a connection to Hamel. 

"J.D. Vance" appeared as an editor in the October 2012 issue of the Yale Law Journal, but his second name change did not become official until April 2013 , his spokesperson Taylor Van Kirk told The Associated Press . By then he was about to graduate — contrary to the idea that he adopted his second new name when he married his wife, Usha (an idea he himself allowed to spread with his book, "Hillbilly Elegy").

According to this history, Vance only officially changed his name twice. There was a third modification, however, that was only aesthetic, when Vance chose to remove the periods between his initials, going from J.D. Vance to JD Vance . However, his official name remains James David Vance.

Therefore, the Republican vice presidential candidate has had three official names: James Donald Bowman, James David Hamel and James David Vance. However, he has only officially changed his name twice, but he has unofficially modified his name by switching from J.D. Vance to JD Vance.

We contacted Vance's campaign spokesman, Luke Schroeder, for confirmation of this chronology, and will update this story if we receive a response. 

'All About J.D. Vance's Mamaw, Bonnie Blanton Vance'. Peoplemag, https://people.com/all-about-jd-vance-mamaw-bonnie-blanton-vance-8678800. Accessed 15 Aug. 2024.

Blogger: User Profile: JD. https://www.blogger.com/profile/04038912338347798299. Accessed 15 Aug. 2024.

Middletown High School — Class of 2003. https://middletownhighschool.net/middletown-oh/class-of-2003.html.

The Yale Law Journal - Masthead: Volume 122. https://www.yalelawjournal.org/masthead/volume-122. Accessed 15 Aug. 2024.

'Vance Credits Service in Marine Corps for Teaching Him "How to Live like an Adult"'. Stars and Stripes, https://www.stripes.com/theaters/us/2024-07-16/vance-trump-marines-vice-president-republicans-14505177.html. Accessed 15 Aug. 2024.

'What's in a Name? Republican Vice Presidential Nominee JD Vance Has Had Many of Them'. AP News, 26 July 2024, https://apnews.com/article/election-2024-republicans-vice-president-vance-name-359c3d1361c94f5d2d1e9798b7854477.

'---'. AP News, 26 July 2024, https://apnews.com/article/election-2024-republicans-vice-president-vance-name-359c3d1361c94f5d2d1e9798b7854477.

By Anna Rascouët-Paz

Anna Rascouët-Paz is based in Brooklyn, fluent in numerous languages and specializes in science and economic topics.

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Indiana representatives tally 3 medals in 2024 Paris Olympic Games

Blake Pieroni, Anna Peplowski and Lilly King — three names that will forever be linked as the Indiana University representatives with medals from the 2024 Paris Olympic Games.  

Pieroni achieved the honor first, securing the silver medal for Team USA in the men’s 4x200-meter freestyle relay. In the women’s edition of the event, rising senior Anna Peplowski earned the silver medal with Team USA.  

In King’s first two events of Paris 2024, she finished fourth in the 100-meter breaststroke and failed to qualify for the finals of the 200-meter breaststroke. But in her final event of the Games and her Olympic career, King won gold for Team USA in the 4x100-meter medley relay.  

Elsewhere in the Olympics, past and present IU athletes participated in their respective events. Besides the medal winners, Indiana sent five swimming and diving members to Team USA.  

Rising senior Carson Tyler competed in both the men’s 3-meter springboard and the 10-meter platform events, finishing fourth in the 3-meter and failing to advance past the preliminary round in the 10-meter.   

Indiana alum Andrew Capobianco competed alongside Tyler in the 3-meter, but he failed to make it out of the semifinals. Fellow alum Jessica Parratto competed in the women’s synchronized 10-meter platform with Delaney Schnell, finishing sixth with a score of 287.52, 16.86 points behind the bronze medalists.  

Rising senior Mariah Denigan made history as the first Indiana athlete to ever compete in an open water swimming event and only the fourth American to compete in the event in USA Olympic history. She finished 16th in the women’s marathon swimming event.  

In the men’s 200-meter breaststroke, rising senior Josh Matheny finished sixth in the medal race.  

Beyond Team USA, Indiana had many athletes competing for nations around the globe.  

Rising senior Rafael Miroslaw featured in three different events for Germany, his best being the men’s 4x100-meter freestyle relay in which he helped his group finish seventh in the medal race. He also finished eighth in the 4x100-meter freestyle relay final and reached the semifinals of the 200-meter freestyle.  

Another rising senior competing at the Olympics was Tomer Frankel, who swam in four events for Israel. His best finish was in the men’s 4x200-meter freestyle relay, where Israel finished ninth and .66 seconds behind Miroslaw and Germany. In his other three events, Frankel failed to make it out of the preliminary heats.  

Former Hoosier Marwan Elkamash swam the men’s 800-meter freestyle for Egypt, finishing eighth in the preliminaries. Kotryna Teterevkova, who spent the year training with Indiana, finished fifth in the medal race for Lithuania in the women’s 200-meter breaststroke.  

Rising senior Ching Hwee Gan competed for Singapore in the women's 800-meter freestyle, 1500-meter freestyle and 4x100-meter medley.  

With the three podium finishes, Indiana University raises its medal count to 127, including 62 gold, 27 silver and 38 bronze.

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The Australian Professor Who Turned Breaking on Its Head

Rachael Gunn, known as B-girl Raygun, displayed some … unique moves as she competed in a field with breakers half her age. The judges and the internet were underwhelmed.

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By Dodai Stewart and Talya Minsberg

Reporting from Paris

Breaking made its debut as an Olympic sport Friday, and among the competitors was Dr. Rachael Gunn, also known as B-girl Raygun, a 36-year-old professor from Sydney, Australia, who stood out in just about every way.

By day, her research interests include “dance, gender politics, and the dynamics between theoretical and practical methodologies.” But on the world’s stage in Paris, wearing green track pants and a green polo shirt instead of the street-style outfits of her much younger fellow breakers, she competed against the 21-year-old Logan Edra of the United States, known as Logistx.

During the round robin, as Raygun and Logistx faced off, Raygun laid on her side, reached for her toes, spun around, and threw in a kangaroo hop — a nod to her homeland. She performed a move that looked something like swimming and another that could best be described as duckwalking. The high-speed back and head spins that other breakers would demonstrate were mostly absent.

The crowd cheered Raygun politely. The judges weren’t as kind. All nine voted for Logistx in both rounds of the competition; Logistx won, 18-0.

Online, Raygun’s performance quickly became a sensation, not necessarily in a flattering way.

“The more I watch the videos of Raygun, the Aussie breaker, the more I get annoyed,” one viewer posted on X, formerly known as Twitter. “There’s 27.7 million Australians in the world and that’s who they send to the Olympics for this inaugural event??? C’mon now!”

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