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COVID pandemic started in Wuhan market animals after all, suggests latest study

Octopuses and fish caught on camera hunting as a team

Scientists successfully ‘nuke asteroid’ — in a lab mock-up

Mathematicians define new class of shape seen throughout nature

Einstein in oxford: the untold story of an unlikely friendship, harassed intimidated guidebook offers help to scientists under attack, scientists are building giant ‘evidence banks’ to create policies that actually work, do ai models produce more original ideas than researchers, the uk’s $1-billion bet to create technologies that change the world.

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Human embryo models are getting more realistic — raising ethical questions

Forget ChatGPT: why researchers now run small AIs on their laptops

Budget cuts hit world's largest cancer-research funder: what it means for scientists, what does peak emissions mean for china — and the world, obesity-drug pioneers win prestigious lasker award for medical science, is bird flu spreading among people data gaps leave researchers in the dark.

In Asia, alternative proteins are the new clean energy

Why aren’t there talks with the Taliban about getting women and girls back into education?

Tackling antimicrobial resistance needs a tailored approach — four specialists weigh in

Stop delaying action on antimicrobial resistance — it is achievable and affordable ramanan laxminarayan, unearthing ‘hidden’ science would help to tackle the world’s biggest problems, current issue.

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‘Substandard and unworthy’: why it’s time to banish bad-mannered reviews

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Moral Judgments May Shift with the Seasons

Certain values carry more weight in spring and autumn than in summer and winter

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Ultra-Precise Particle Measurement Narrows Pathway to ‘New Physics’

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Parrots may offer clues to how our intelligence evolved

Studies of the brainy birds’ abilities to use tools, solve puzzles, speak words and more may teach us about how our species got our smarts.

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Source of person's recent bird flu case remains a mystery — and experts say that's concerning

The latest human case of bird flu in the U.S. occurred in a patient with no reported exposure to affected animals, sparking questions over whether the virus is spreading between people. Experts say that's unlikely but argue the case raises other concerns.

Over a dozen cases of H5N1 have been reported among people in the United States this year. Current evidence suggests this bird flu virus spreads to humans only from infected animals, such as dairy cows and poultry, and not from person to person.

However, the latest case of human infection — reported Sept. 6 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) — occurred in a person in Missouri who'd had no known exposure to relevant animals.

The CDC reports that there is no evidence of the person passing the virus to close contacts, and says "the risk to the general public from H5N1 remains low." The agency maintained that the risk is low even after two health care workers got sick after interacting with the patient — one tested negative for flu and one has yet to be tested for H5N1 or antibodies .

"I agree with the CDC that it remains low-risk," said Dr. Nahid Bhadelia , founding director of the Center on Emerging Infectious Diseases at Boston University. "The good news is you haven't seen an uptick in influenza cases," as that would show up in surveillance for seasonal flu, she added. For the moment, that should help quell public concern that this could turn into an outbreak.

Nonetheless, Bhadelia and another expert told Live Science that the Missouri case raises other concerns — namely, that the U.S. is not tracking the spread of H5N1 closely enough to head off a potential epidemic. Related: H5N1: What to know about the bird flu cases in cows, goats and people

The Missouri case

The Missouri patient was hospitalized in August , marking the country's 14th H5N1 case overall and its first without any connection to sick animals at the person's workplace. The patient, who had underlying medical conditions, experienced chest pain, diarrhea, vomiting and weakness. They were not severely ill during their hospital stay and have recovered.

The patient initially tested positive for influenza A, the broad group of viruses to which H5N1 belongs. This group also includes seasonal flu viruses, like H1N1, but the patient tested negative for those subtypes. Further testing then revealed H5N1. In a Sept. 13 update , the CDC reported that it had partially analyzed the genome of the virus; there was not enough genetic material for a complete sequence. The results showed that the virus that infected the Missouri patient bears high similarity to those circulating in cattle and hasn't mutated enough to be well adapted for infecting human lungs. Such mutations could pave the way for human-to-human transmission.

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Despite these reassuring findings, Bhadelia argues that stakeholders involved in preparing for possible pandemics should find the Missouri case alarming.

H5N1 has been circulating among birds in the U.S. since 2022 , jumping into various mammals — including cows — since its introduction. The Missouri patient's infection likely came from infected cows but happened in a state that has not detected the virus in cattle, Bhadelia noted, even though Missouri has historically detected 600,000 infections in poultry . Infected herds may have slipped under the radar.

Seema Lakdawala , an associate professor of microbiology at Emory University who researches H5N1, said not enough cattle are undergoing tests to chart the virus's geographic distribution.

"The USDA [Department of Agriculture] is not doing enough testing — full stop," she told Live Science. "We do not have a good handle on how many cows are actually infected because there is no universal testing of dairy farms." As of July 12, Missouri had only tested 17 of their approximately 60,000 dairy cows, The Missouri Independent reported.

Related: 'Increased evidence that we should be alert': H5N1 bird flu is adapting to mammals in 'new ways'

Remaining unknowns

The CDC has not identified the source of transmission in the Missouri case. One possible source involves consuming raw (unpasteurized) cow milk, which the CDC warns against .

"An infected cow can have ten to hundreds of millions of particles of infectious virus per milliliter [of milk], and these animals are producing gallons of this," Lakdawala said. It's not known whether someone could catch bird flu from drinking raw milk, but the product can spread other germs. Raw milk left on milking equipment may be a way dairy workers get exposed .

Humans could be another theoretical source of H5N1 infections — but as far as experts know, the virus has never spread between people. "One way I think we can clarify it is to rule out the human component by doing serologies [antibody tests] on everybody around the patient," Bhadelia said.

One household contact of the Missouri patient developed "similar symptoms" the same day but was not tested for flu. Blood from that individual is now being tested for antibodies. Based on the timing of their illnesses, it's likely that the patient and household contact were simultaneously exposed to the same source of infection, rather than spreading the virus to one another, Lakdawala said. The CDC has said the same.

Public health laboratories mostly test for H5N1 in people exposed to animals suspected of carrying the virus. If they detect H5N1, they ship the samples to the CDC for confirmatory testing . The CDC said it's partnering with biotechnology companies to enable earlier and more widespread testing.

— 1st polar bear death from bird flu spells trouble for species

— H5N1 bird flu can remain infectious in raw milk for at least an hour, study finds

— 21-year-old student dies of H5N1 bird flu in Vietnam

The CDC has also scaled up surveillance of the virus among people who interact with farm animals. Last week, it worked with the Ohio health officials to test veterinarians for antibodies while they'd congregated for a conference. Positive tests would help reveal which vets have previously been infected.

Lakdawala argues that the USDA still needs to do more to understand how the virus spreads among cattle. "What the USDA needs to be doing right now, in my opinion, is working with all the state veterinarians and state agricultural departments," she said. They should go into every farm and bulk-test milk tankers, she proposed. Only 50 herds from 14 states have been enrolled in the USDA's voluntary Dairy Herd Status Program , which bulk tests milk tanks each week. Missouri has not participated.

This article is for informational purposes only and is not meant to offer medical advice.

Ever wonder why some people build muscle more easily than others or why freckles come out in the sun ? Send us your questions about how the human body works to [email protected] with the subject line "Health Desk Q," and you may see your question answered on the website!

Kamal Nahas is a freelance contributor based in Oxford, U.K. His work has appeared in New Scientist, Science and The Scientist, among other outlets, and he mainly covers research on evolution, health and technology. He holds a PhD in pathology from the University of Cambridge and a master's degree in immunology from the University of Oxford. He currently works as a microscopist at the Diamond Light Source, the U.K.'s synchrotron. When he's not writing, you can find him hunting for fossils on the Jurassic Coast.

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Guest Essay

How Lying Became Disinformation

By James Kirchick

Mr. Kirchick is a contributing Opinion writer and the author of “Secret City: The Hidden History of Gay Washington.”

From the moment Donald Trump challenged the validity of President Barack Obama’s birth certificate, Mr. Trump has lied more frequently and egregiously than perhaps any other major figure in American political history. From the relatively trivial lie that began his administration (that 1.5 million people attended his inauguration) to the extremely consequential falsehood that ended it (that the 2020 election was stolen), his presidency was in large part defined by mendacity.

The constancy and brazenness of Mr. Trump’s lies can blind us to the fact that his opponents lie, too. Though she did not descend to the level of Mr. Trump, Vice President Kamala Harris did not strictly adhere to the truth at the presidential debate earlier this month. Mr. Trump, she asserted, had said that there were “fine people” among the neo-Nazis and white supremacists in Charlottesville seven years ago, an oft-repeated distortion of a statement Mr. Trump made at the time that nonetheless remains an article of faith among American liberals. She also deceptively claimed that Mr. Trump had said that there would be a “blood bath” if he was not elected when the original reference was to a loss of U.S. auto jobs.

Graver than Ms. Harris’s cynical mischaracterizations of Mr. Trump’s words was her assertion that “there is not one member of the United States military who is in active duty in a combat zone in any war zone around the world — the first time this century.” This statement disregards the thousands of American troops deployed in the Middle East since the Oct. 7 attacks, not to mention the service members killed in Jordan in January’s drone attack. Despite these false statements, however, it was only Mr. Trump whom ABC moderators David Muir and Linsey Davis tried to correct.

This highly selective fact-checking is indicative of the double standard that many in the media follow when dealing with Mr. Trump, a double standard usually justified by the supposedly awesome threat he poses to the country. Rather than respond to him as the egomaniacal mountebank he is, many of his opponents see in him an incipient dictator hellbent on destroying the 250-year-old American experiment in constitutional democracy. And because he presents such an extraordinary threat, this thinking goes, only extraordinary measures will suffice in stopping him.

Prominent among these measures is the campaign to suppress misinformation (false information whose purveyor believes it to be true) and disinformation (false information whose purveyor knows it to be false) — terms once used primarily to describe Russian influence operations against the West. The Justice Department’s recent indictment of two Russian nationals accused of funneling money to right-wing American social media influencers on behalf of the Kremlin-backed RT propaganda network is an example of this phenomenon, which poses a genuine threat to democratic societies around the world.

The conventional perception of misinformation and disinformation, however, began to change during the 2016 presidential campaign, when an analytical framework for understanding the malign activities of hostile foreign powers was appropriated by American political operatives to use against their domestic opponents. Much of what Mr. Trump and his supporters said was classified as disinformation, and tens of millions of Americans came to believe a baroque narrative positing that Mr. Trump colluded with President Vladimir Putin of Russia to steal the 2016 election (itself, ironically, a form of disinformation promulgated by Mr. Trump’s opponents).

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• School Education /

Essay on Science and Technology for Students: 100, 200, 350 Words

• Updated on  
• Sep 20, 2023

Writing an essay on science and technology requires you to keep yourself updated with the recent developments in this field. Science is a field which has no limits. It is the most potent of all the fields and when combined with technology, then even the sky doesn’t remain a limit. Science is everywhere from the minute microscopic organisms to the gigantic celestial bodies. It’s the very essence of our existence. Let’s learn about Science and Technology in an essay format.

Also Read – Essay on Corruption

Essay on Science and Technology in 100 Words

Everything we do, every breath we take, every move we make, every interaction with any object, and even the thoughts we have, and the dreams we see, all involve science. Similarly, as the world is progressing, technology is getting intertwined with even the basic aspects of our lives. Be it education, sports, entertainment, talking to our loved ones, etc. Everything is inclusive of Technology nowadays. It is safe to say that Science and Technology go hand-in-hand. They are mutually inclusive of each other. Although from a broader perspective, Technology is a branch of Science, but still, each of these fields cannot be sustained without the other.

Essay on Science and Technology in 200 Words

Science and Technology are important aspects of life from the very beginning of the day to the end of it. We wake up in the morning because of the sound of our alarm clocks and go to bed at night after switching off our lights. Most importantly, it helps us save time is one of the results of advancements in science and technology. Each day new Technologies are being developed that are making human life easier and much more convenient.Advantages of Science and Technology

If we were to name the advantages of science and technology, then we would fall short of words because they are numerous. These range from the very little things to the very big ones.

Science and Technology are the fields that have enabled man to look beyond our own planet and hence, discover new planets and much more. And the most recent of the Project of India, The successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 on the south pole of the moon proves that the potential of Science and Technology cannot be fathomed via any means. The potential it holds is immense. 

In conclusion, we can confidently say that Science and Technology have led us to achieve an absolutely amazing life. However, it is extremely important to make use of the same in a judicious way so as to ensure its sustenance. 

Also Read – Essay on Noise Pollution

Essay on Science and Technology in 350 Words

Science and Technology include everything, from the smallest of the microbes to the most complex of the mechanisms. Our world cannot exist without Science and Technology. It is hard to imagine our lives without science and technology now. 

Impact of Science & Technology 

The impact of science and technology is so massive that it incorporates almost each and every field of science and even others. The cures to various diseases are being made due to the advancement in Science and Technology only. Also, technology has enhanced the production of crops and other agricultural practices also rely on Science and Technology for their own advancement. All of the luxuries that we have on a day-to-day basis in our lives are because of Science and Technology. Subsequently, the fields of Science and Technology have also assisted in the development of other fields as well such as, Mathematics , Astrophysics , Nuclear Energy , etc. Hence, we can say that we live in the era of Science and Technology. 

Safety Measures

Although the field of Science and Technology has provided the world with innumerable advancements and benefits that are carrying the world forward, there are a lot of aspects of the same that have a negative impact too. The negative impact of these is primarily on nature and wildlife and hence, indirectly and directly on humans as well.

The large factories that are associated with manufacturing or other developmental processes release large amounts of waste which may or may not be toxic in nature. This waste gets deposited in nature and water bodies and causes pollution. The animals marine or terrestrial living in their respective ecosystems may even ingest plastic or other toxic waste and that leads to their death. There are a lot of other negative aspects of the same.

Hence, it becomes our responsibility to use Science and Technology judiciously and prevent the degradation of nature and wildlife so as to sustain our planet, along with all its ecosystems, which will eventually ensure our existence in a healthy ecosystem leading to healthy and long life.

Science is something that is limitless. It is the most potent of all the fields and when combined with technology, then even the sky doesn’t remain a limit. Science is everywhere from the minute microscopic organisms to the most gigantic ones. It’s the very essence of our existence.

Science and Technology are important aspects of life. All of the luxuries that we have on a day-to-day basis in our lives are because of Science and Technology. Most importantly, it helps us save time is one of the results of advancements in science and technology. It is hard to imagine our lives without science and technology now. 

In any nation, science and technology holds a crucial part in its development in all aspect. The progress of the nation is dependent upon science and technology. It holds the to economic growth, changing the quality of life, and transformation of the society.

We hope this blog of ours on Essay on Science and Technology has helped you gain a deeper knowledge of the same. For more such informative and educational essays please visit our site:- Leverage Edu Essay Writing .

Deepansh Gautam

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Science | December 20, 2023

The Ten Most Significant Science Stories of 2023

From an asteroid sample that was delivered to Earth to a discovery about human migration from North America, these were the biggest moments of the year

Carlyn Kranking and Joe Spring

In 2023, a whirlwind of science headlines swept across our screens, from the find that our ancestors nearly went extinct 900,000 years ago to the discovery of a brilliant green comet in the sky. In major health news, the coronavirus public health emergency expired , and the disease took up less of our attention, though it continued to have disastrous impacts . Medical experts are anticipating updated annual vaccines will be released to continue fighting the virus as it evolves.

Also evolving rapidly this year was artificial intelligence, which found uses in everything from medicine to wildlife biology. In one innovative application, it was used to help forecast when birds took to the skies. Such an ability can help officials determine when to turn off building lights to prevent bird strikes—a conservation strategy that made national news when almost 1,000 birds died in one night after hitting a single lakeside building in Chicago.

That was a grim stat, but the year was filled with amazing news as well, including the astounding images released by the James Webb Space Telescope . In major math news, researchers found a shape with a pattern that never repeats. And in France, scientists discovered that arresting patterns left in rock are the oldest known Neanderthal cave engravings .

Unfortunately, but not unexpectedly, climate change continued to generate plenty of headlines, as the year became the hottest on record . Amid intensifying natural disasters , world leaders gathered in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, for the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference, or COP28. While the proceedings closed with a landmark deal that made the first-ever global commitment to transition away from fossil fuels , several experts criticized the text for not going far enough .

While we were riveted by all of those stories and more, only some made our list of the biggest science events and discoveries this year. Plenty of amazing new findings surely await us in 2024, but before we cover them, here’s a look back at the moments that shaped 2023 as another major year in science.

Archaeologists find ancient Native Americans crossed back over to Asia

Between 20,000 and 30,000 years ago, hunter-gatherers from eastern Eurasia likely ventured over to North America across the Bering Strait. But research this year suggests they and their descendants didn’t make a one-way trip. Several times in history, ancient Native Americans made their way back across the strait to Eurasia , according to a study published in Current Biology in January. Researchers recovered ancient DNA from ten Eurasian individuals who lived 500 to 7,500 years ago. Their analysis shows that humans with Native American lineages traveled as far away as Kamchatka and central Siberia, likely returning from North America to Asia roughly 5,000 years ago.

The find was one of many interesting discoveries related to ancient migrations and the Americas this year. In July, a study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B described three pendants in Brazil made from sloth bones that date to between 25,000 and 27,000 years before present. That find supports the theory that humans made it to the Americas earlier than previously thought. (For many decades, researchers thought humans traveled from Russia to Alaska roughly 15,000 years ago.) And in an October study published in Science , an analysis of evidence found near fossilized footprints in New Mexico suggests that the imprints date to 23,000 years ago, which also supports the idea of an earlier migration of humans to North America. While the timeline of migrations to the Americas—and back—continues to be debated, many sites that will offer more clues await discovery and analysis. —Joe Spring

Artificial intelligence yields scientific breakthroughs as experts call for caution

2023 was a “ breakout year ” for artificial intelligence. Following the release of OpenAI’s ChatGPT at the end of 2022, machine learning has increasingly been in the public eye. A.I. made its way into courtrooms , music and art this year, raising a slew of ethical concerns . In the realm of science, the cutting-edge technology is paving the path toward new discoveries and more advanced processing of data.

Several groups of researchers experimented with having A.I. algorithms generate words , images and even music based on people’s brain scans—a technique that, down the line, could help stroke patients and paralyzed people to communicate by thinking . Machine learning has helped in conservation, such as by tracking migrating birds —the A.I.-powered tool BirdCast can alert people to an incoming wave of migrants, which may help prevent disease , inform Lights Out programs to reduce window strikes , and tip off birders about flocks in their area. Scientists are also developing A.I. tools that can identify species based only on a photograph , distinguish between similar-looking mushrooms or pinpoint a bird species from its song. And, inspired by the way ChatGPT follows patterns in language to generate words, researchers have experimented with translating whale sounds using A.I.

At the same time, experts warned this year of the need to regulate the rapidly advancing technology. Geoffrey Hinton, a machine learning pioneer widely called the “Godfather of A.I.,” quit his part-time job with Google in May so that he could speak more freely about his unease regarding A.I.’s future. Experts have raised concerns that A.I. could spread misinformation, manipulate humans and alter the job market if it isn’t controlled. But innovation continues, and it seems likely that researchers will increasingly use A.I. to attempt breakthroughs in many fields. —Carlyn Kranking

NASA retrieves asteroid bits to shine light on Earth’s origins

On September 24, 8.8 ounces of rock and dust collected from an asteroid named Bennu landed in the Utah desert . The astronomical delivery was the result of a more than seven-year NASA mission in which the agency’s OSIRIS-REx probe journeyed 1.2 billion miles to the asteroid to retrieve the sample. The 4.5-billion-year-old Bennu existed before Earth did, so it could hold clues about how our planet formed and which building blocks of life meteorites delivered here long ago.

Initial analysis revealed evidence of water and a high carbon content on Bennu. While the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft is already off to visit another asteroid, researchers on Earth will study the Bennu sample for two years and set aside some of the rock for later examination. And while much of the rock will be analyzed behind closed doors, a 0.3-inch, 0.005-ounce sample is on display at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, so you can get a glimpse of an object that is truly far-out. —J.S.

The Titan submersible imploded while searching for a shipwreck

The world watched in June after OceanGate’s Titan submersible went quiet during a dive to the Titanic . The craft and its five passengers descended toward the famous wreck on Sunday, June 18, at 8 a.m., but it lost contact with its base ship, the Polar Prince , around 10:45 a.m. At 5:40 p.m., roughly three hours after the sub was supposed to breach the surface, officials notified the Coast Guard the craft was overdue. Airplanes and a Bahamian research vessel with remote-operated robots helped scour an area twice the size of Connecticut. Numerous television stations and news outlets covered the search as fears mounted that the crew was running out of oxygen. And on Thursday morning, the Coast Guard found debris consistent with a catastrophic implosion of the submersible.

Onboard was Stockton Rush, the CEO and co-founder of OceanGate, who considered himself a maverick and breaker of rules . He had gone forward with that dive and others despite safety concerns. Two former employees had raised issues about the craft’s hull, and more than three dozen experts warned that catastrophic problems could occur due to company’s experimental approach. Though many in the public waited to hear news about the sub after it went missing, experts expected the worst . And while the actual scientific benefits of Titan ’s dive were likely minimal , the sub’s tragic end shed a light on the value of the time and effort that goes into scientific exploration of the deep sea. Scientists who dive to the ocean’s depths for serious study go down in crafts that have undergone rigorous testing. Because of that, nearly 50 years had passed since a fatal accident on such a submersible. That all changed with a company that dove despite multiple warnings. —J.S.

Wildfires burned through Canada and Hawaii

Devastating wildfires dominated the news again in 2023. Blazes set a record in Canada, scorching more than 45 million acres by October. The country’s previous annual record, standing since 1989, was less than half that, at 19 million acres burned . As climate change causes higher temperatures, Canada’s fire season has become longer by about two weeks, and larger fires have grown more common. Hundreds of such “megafires,” covering 39 square miles (10,000 hectares) or more, incinerated our northern neighbor this year. Many had massive clouds above them, like those usually seen above volcanoes , that created lightning and high winds. And Canada’s major burns affected others around the world: During June, parts of the United States’ Midwest and Northeast regions registered the globe’s worst air quality, and pollution reached as far as Spain, Britain and Norway .

Canada’s catastrophic fires weren’t alone. On August 8 , a devastating blaze swept across the Hawaiian island of Maui and engulfed the city of Lahaina , killing at least 100 people . The death toll is the highest caused by a wildfire in the U.S. in more than a century , and thousands of residents lost their homes. On the islands, some seasons are hotter and drier due to climate change, allowing wildfires to spread at increasing speeds. Climate change is altering many other such areas around the planet, threatening to make what was once considered extreme fire become more and more the norm . —J.S.

UFOs break into government discourse and spark conspiracy theories

In 2023, alien conspiracies and UFO speculation riddled social media, but at the same time, some of the stigma around researching unidentified anomalous phenomena, or UAP, began to break down.

For starters, the U.S. Office of the Director of National Intelligence released a report in January that announced more than 350 sightings of UAPs had been logged by the government since March 2021. Nearly half of these were described as “balloon or balloon-like entities”—a subject that took center stage the following month, when the U.S. government shot down what was suspected to be a Chinese high-altitude spy balloon off the coast of South Carolina. The incident demonstrated how identifying UAPs has implications for national security.

Then, at a House of Representatives hearing in July, former U.S. intelligence officer David Grusch alleged in a testimony under oath that the federal government is covering up evidence of crashed vehicles and biological material believed to be of “non-human” origin. In September, alien discourse appeared in legislative chambers once more, when a self-proclaimed UFO expert unveiled what he claimed were the bodies of extraterrestrials in front of Mexico’s Congress. Scientists balked at the suggestion, pointing to several previous alien theories from the speaker that had been debunked. Ultimately, anyone looking for confirmation of aliens on Earth didn’t get it this year—after a 12-month study, NASA released a report on UFOs in September , stating its scientists found “no conclusive evidence” that the mysterious phenomena have an extraterrestrial origin. —C.K.

Orcas break rudders and sink ships in the Strait of Gibraltar

Maybe it’s a form of play. Maybe it’s a passing fad . Or maybe, as internet onlookers from around the world have facetiously suggested, it’s a full-fledged, female-led orca uprising, planned as retribution for humanity’s presence in the high seas. (Scientists aren’t on board with that last one.) Whatever the reason, orcas off the coasts of Portugal and Spain have been ramming into and breaking rudders off ships in the Strait of Gibraltar. Since 2020, more than 500 interactions with contact between orcas and boats have occurred, and four of these incidents—with two this year—resulted in a vessel sinking, most recently in November .

In May, a scientist suggested the curious behavior started after one orca had a negative experience with a boat, and that it spread as juveniles watched her break rudders. This led people to cheer for the orcas on social media. But in an open letter in August, a group of 35 scientists warned against attributing human traits to the animals . Doing so, they wrote, could lead mariners to take aggressive action against the orcas, which belong to a critically endangered population of fewer than 50 individuals . Indeed, some sailors have thrown firecrackers into the water in an attempt to keep orcas away.

Amid all the mystery around the behavior, one thing seems clear—the orcas do not appear to have malicious intentions. “Quite frankly, if they really wanted to take revenge, they would,” biopsychologist Lori Marino told ABC News in July. —C.K.

Covid-19 entered a new phase

Though, to many people, Covid-19 faded into the background this year, the disease remains a problem as the vaccine response has lagged. On May 11 , the Biden administration allowed the coronavirus public health emergency to expire, leading the virus to be treated like other respiratory ailments. (Insurance providers were no longer required to provide free Covid-19 tests, and some medicines, such as Paxlovid, were no longer guaranteed to be free.)

A new variant, XBB , became dominant in early 2023, and in September the Food and Drug Administration authorized an XBB booster , which also works for other Omicron variants. But by the end of October, the Department of Health and Human Services said only about 4.5 percent of the population had received the shots, despite the fact that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended the updated dose for everyone six months or older . The reception was lower than the previous year’s booster, which more than 23 million Americans had received after a similar timespan. The lackluster uptake continued a trend of declining response to boosters. As of December , roughly 70 percent of the population had the primary series of the vaccine, while less than 20 percent had received a bivalent booster. While the virus was not spreading at the rate of previous years, as of early December , more than 5,000 people were hospitalized on an average day and more than 1,200 deaths were occurring each week. Much of the population, including people who are over 65, pregnant or immunocompromised, are still vulnerable to the disease.

And some folks continue to deal with the aftereffects of the virus: This June, roughly 6 percent of the population was suffering from long Covid, according to the CDC . And of those, more than one in four experienced significant limitations in their ability to perform normal daily activities. As the disease continues to evolve, the Biden administration says citizens should expect to have a shot available each fall , like the schedule for flu vaccines. But whether people will actually be receptive to that shot remains to be seen, following the decline in this year’s response. —J.S.

A teenage tyrannosaur fossil preserves what young dinosaurs ate

Adult tyrannosaurs—large, bipedal carnivores of the Late Cretaceous—were fearsome predators in the prehistoric landscape. With their bone-crushing bite force, the fully grown dinosaurs could bring down massive plant-eaters . Young tyrannosaurs, on the other hand, might have had more limited pickings with their slender frames, narrow skulls and blade-like teeth . At least, that’s what paleontologists suspected. But they didn’t have proof until this year, when researchers reported a fascinating discovery: a “teenage” tyrannosaur, with its final meals preserved intact .

The astounding fossil of Gorgosaurus , uncovered in 2009 and described in Science Advances in December, provides the first direct evidence of shifts in a tyrannosaur’s diet from adolescence to adulthood. Within the carnivore’s stomach were four legs—two pairs—from small, bird-like dinosaurs called Citipes elegans . Each pair of legs shows different levels of digestion, suggesting they represent the young reptile’s last two meals, consumed hours or days apart. The juvenile tyrannosaur, which was between 5 and 7 years old, likely had to chase down these fast, turkey-sized prey. The findings suggest that young, agile Gorgosaurus survived on bits of baby dinosaurs until they grew big enough to take down titans. —C.K.

2023 becomes the hottest year on record

Worldwide, 2023 started out warm . April and May ranked among the hottest months of their kind in written history. But when summer arrived in the Northern Hemisphere, records fell left and right . Heat waves gripped regions of the United States and Southern Europe. American municipalities set more than 1,000 daily temperature records in June and July, and residents of Phoenix sweltered through an unprecedented 31-day stretch of at least 110 degree Fahrenheit temperatures. Even heat-adapted saguaro cactuses fell over and died . Oceans warmed to levels unparalleled in the nearly 45-year record , with one thermometer in the Florida Keys measuring “hot tub” heat levels at 101.1 degrees Fahrenheit in July.

The life-threatening heat was wide-reaching: On one weekend day in August, more than 111 million Americans in the South and Southwest were under heat warnings. Month after month—first June, then July, August, September, October and November—clocked in as the hottest months of their kind ever documented. With both climate change and the arrival of the heat- and moisture-bringing El Niño weather pattern, 2023 is now guaranteed to become the hottest year on record. But since, historically, El Niño’s most extreme heat arrives during its second year , some scientists warn that 2024 might be even more chart-topping. —C.K.

Caption of Top Image: Illustration by Emily Lankiewicz / Clockwise from upper left: Unsplash, Mojahid Mottakin; Nadezhda F. Stepanova; Francois Gohier / VW Pics / Universal Images Group via Getty Images; NASA Johnson Space Center; Unsplash, Jarosław Kwoczała; Unsplash, Fusion Medical Animation; Ocean Gate / Handout / Anadolu Agency via Getty Images; Unsplash, Bruce Warrington; Unsplash, Benjamin Lizardo; Julius Csotonyi © Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology

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Carlyn Kranking | | READ MORE

Carlyn Kranking is the assistant web editor for science and innovation.

Joe Spring | READ MORE

Joe Spring is the associate digital science editor for Smithsonian magazine.

Photo essay: Hurricane Ian two years later. 'We've never seen a flood event like this.'

Let's not call this a walk down Memory Lane.

When we think about Hurricane Ian and the devastation the powerful Category 4 storm caused on Sept. 28, 2022, there's really nothing memorable other than the death and destruction it caused here. Ian was historic in terms of the number of people who died and the cost of the damage.

These are 28 of the most iconic images for Hurricane Ian in Southwest Florida − before, during and after the storm − that will forever be remembered for its unprecedented storm surge, and that only days before was forecast to make landfall much further north in Florida.

Our archives are filled with hundreds of Hurricane Ian photos. There are so many more images that capture what happened and where and to who. These 28 photos represent stories of survival, of anticipation, and of things that "were there one day and gone the next."

Before Hurricane Ian

No matter if it is the threat of a tropical storm or a hurricane, a last-minute run to gas stations can look like an Olympic sport. With the quick shift of Ian's path, there was less time to prepare for many residents.

Bulking up on all kinds of supplies is at the top of the list before a hurricane.

Many communities, like Fort Myers Beach, were offering residents sand to put in bags to help fend off flooding.

This photo was taken by our sister site in Augusta, Georgia in advance of Hurricane Ian. It represents what store shelves were looking like in Southwest Florida and elsewhere when it was determined those places were in the path of the storm.

There weren't nearly as many people taking advantage of shelters in Southwest Florida as there were for Hurricane Irma in 2017. Same with evacuations. A lot of people stayed.

A very eerie site. The Dairy Queen on Fort Myers Beach shortly before Hurricane Ian came ashore. Those sandbags in front of the door didn't matter.

Some people braved the weather from Hurricane Ian as the outer bands of the storm reached land on the morning of Sept. 28, 2022.

A picture is worth 1,000 words.

These next two photos taken by photo journalist Andrew West are most likely some of the last images taken of the Fort Myers Beach pier before it was destroyed by Hurricane Ian.

More: Meteorologist on Hurricane Ian: Updates from a Category 4 landfall in Florida

This palm tree blowing in Hurricane Ian's winds in advance of the storm making landfall was another sign of what was to come.

After Hurricane Ian

Remarkably, despite the catastrophic damage throughout Southwest Florida after Ian, the Naples Daily News was delivered and that headline said it all.

Military helicopters swooped into the region as soon as the day after the storm for search and rescue operations and delivering supplies.

The shrimp boat fleet on Fort Myers Beach took one of the hardest hits from Hurricane Ian.

No one will forget the endless piles of debris that started to take shape in the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Ian. It would be months and in some cases almost a year before these reminders of the damage were hauled away.

Hurricanes like Ian mean difficult times for residents.

President Joe Biden came to Fort Myers one week after Hurricane Ian made landfall. He toured the hardest hit areas, including Fort Myers Beach.

Some of the images of Hurricane Ian can only be described as surreal.

Entire homes were destroyed by Hurricane Ian's historic storm surge. In some places on Fort Myers Beach the water rose as high a 15 feet. Residents lost not only the entire contents of their homes, but also their actual homes were unlivable because of water damage and mold.

It seemed like just about everything was upside down after Hurricane Ian.

Another front page tells the story. This time is is The News-Press with a focus on the death toll from Hurricane Ian. More than 100 people died during the storm.

Green swimming pools and blue tarps. Two things you can always count on after a devastating hurricane like Ian.

So many iconic structures in Southwest Florida, like the Naples Pier, were damaged. Among the other were the Fort Myers Beach pier, the Sanibel Lighthouse, the Sanibel Causeway, numerous bridges, tourist attractions like the Edison and Ford Estates and the Shell Factory. The world-famous Cape Romano Dome Homes were completely obliterated.

Many homeowners in Southwest Florida had the painful and urgent task of ripping up the inside of their homes in an attempt to save the structure from mold and other water damage caused by Hurricane Ian.

It would be weeks, and in some cases almost a month, until power was restored in some neighborhoods in Southwest Florida. The power companies, with support from outside organizations, did the best they could to keep up with all of the repairs.

Times Square, a hustling and bustling stretch of Fort Myers Beach, was reduced to rubble and a big bare spot thanks to Hurricane Ian. It was hard for many people to fathom what occurred.

A makeshift memorial on this chain-linked fence appeared in downtown Fort Myers days after Ian as people who were missing after the storm were confirmed dead.

More: LCSO: Last missing Hurricane Ian victim identified

Just over a week after Hurricane Ian wrecked so many lives forever here in Southwest Florida, there was this reminder in this stunning sunset photo taken by photo journalist Andrew West that there is always hope for a better tomorrow no matter what.

Essay on Science and Technology for Students and Children

500+ words essay on science and technology.

Essay on Science and Technology: Science and technology are important parts of our day to day life. We get up in the morning from the ringing of our alarm clocks and go to bed at night after switching our lights off. All these luxuries that we are able to afford are a resultant of science and technology . Most importantly, how we can do all this in a short time are because of the advancement of science and technology only. It is hard to imagine our life now without science and technology. Indeed our existence itself depends on it now. Every day new technologies are coming up which are making human life easier and more comfortable. Thus, we live in an era of science and technology.

Essentially, Science and Technology have introduced us to the establishment of modern civilization . This development contributes greatly to almost every aspect of our daily life. Hence, people get the chance to enjoy these results, which make our lives more relaxed and pleasurable.

Benefits of Science and Technology

If we think about it, there are numerous benefits of science and technology. They range from the little things to the big ones. For instance, the morning paper which we read that delivers us reliable information is a result of scientific progress. In addition, the electrical devices without which life is hard to imagine like a refrigerator, AC, microwave and more are a result of technological advancement.

Furthermore, if we look at the transport scenario, we notice how science and technology play a major role here as well. We can quickly reach the other part of the earth within hours, all thanks to advancing technology.

In addition, science and technology have enabled man to look further than our planet. The discovery of new planets and the establishment of satellites in space is because of the very same science and technology. Similarly, science and technology have also made an impact on the medical and agricultural fields. The various cures being discovered for diseases have saved millions of lives through science. Moreover, technology has enhanced the production of different crops benefitting the farmers largely.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

India and Science and Technology

Ever since British rule, India has been in talks all over the world. After gaining independence, it is science and technology which helped India advance through times. Now, it has become an essential source of creative and foundational scientific developments all over the world. In other words, all the incredible scientific and technological advancements of our country have enhanced the Indian economy.

Looking at the most recent achievement, India successfully launched Chandrayaan 2. This lunar exploration of India has earned critical acclaim from all over the world. Once again, this achievement was made possible due to science and technology.

In conclusion, we must admit that science and technology have led human civilization to achieve perfection in living. However, we must utilize everything in wise perspectives and to limited extents. Misuse of science and technology can produce harmful consequences. Therefore, we must monitor the use and be wise in our actions.

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Essay on Importance of Science in Our Life

Science is a systematic process in which various theories, formulas, laws, and thoughts are analysed and evaluated in order to determine the truth about the facts of anything.

This systematic process studies and generates new knowledge from any kind of activity that occurs in the nature around us or in the universe, of which we are a tiny part.

Table of Contents

Science is essential.

• Importance of Science in Society
• Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs

Science is a methodical process of extracting true facts from any given thought by adhering to a set of rules known as methodology.

It includes the following:

• Observation: The observations are made based on the collected data and measurements.
• Evidence: If any evidence is gathered for further processing of data evaluation.
• Experiment : Using the data and evidence gathered, experiments are carried out to test the assumption.
• Initiation: Identify the facts based on data and evidence analysis.
• Re-examination and complex analysis: To ensure the veracity and authenticity of the results, the data and evidence are examined several times and critically analysed.
• Verification and review of the results: The results of the experiment are verified and tested by experts to ensure that they are correct.

Science is concerned with generating new knowledge and proving new hypotheses by collecting and analysing data in a systematic manner.

There are numerous scientific disciplines:

• Astrophysics
• Climate science
• Atmospheric science

Importance of science in society

Science and technology play an important role in today’s changing world. Everything from the road to the buildings, the shop to the educational instructions is the result of modern science and technology. Almost everything we see in society is the result of applied science and technology. Even the toothpaste we use to clean our teeth after waking up in the morning and before going to bed at night are products of science and technology.

Electricity

The discovery of electricity was the first modern scientific marvel. It has altered our way of life, society, and culture. It’s a fantastic source of power and energy.

The radio and television Lights, fans, electric irons, mills, factories, and refrigerators are all powered by electricity.

Transport and Communication

Science has simplified and shortened our communication. Ships, boats, trains, buses, and cars can be found on the seas, rivers, and roads. All of these are scientific gifts.

Telegraph, telephone, fax, and wireless communication are also important modes of communication. Trains, steamers, aeroplanes, buses, and other modes of transportation make communication quick and easy.

Medicine and Surgery

• It elevates one’s overall standard of living, quality of life, and life expectancy.
• It aids in detecting and treating diseases, ailments, and conditions.
• It dissects the molecular mechanism of any disease and helps to develop drugs and pharmaceuticals.
• Basic Medical Sciences, in addition to curative care, sow the seeds of preventive care.
• It teaches researchers, doctors, scientists, and even laypeople about living a healthy lifestyle.
• It fosters a fundamental understanding of medical science principles, which may be useful in the future.

Agriculture

A great deal of agricultural research was conducted, which resulted in the production of artificial fertilisers, which are now a basic requirement for all agricultural activities. Agricultural education is now taught in schools across the country. Scientists have gone so far as to study the genomic makeup of plants to select crops that can withstand harsh climate changes. Improved farming techniques have been developed using new technologies such as computer science and biotechnology.

Science has played an important role in agriculture, and the two cannot be separated. Science must be used to help produce better yields on a small piece of land for the world to be able to provide enough food for all of its citizens.

Read more: Chemistry of Life

New scientific understanding may result in new applications.

The discovery of the structure of DNA, for example, was a major breakthrough. It served as the foundation for research that would eventually lead to many practical applications, such as DNA fingerprinting, genetically engineered crops, and genetic disease tests.

New technological developments may result in new scientific discoveries.

For example, the development of DNA copying and sequencing technologies has resulted in significant advances in many areas of science.

Scientific research may be motivated by potential applications.

For example, the possibility of engineering microorganisms to produce drugs for diseases such as malaria motivates many microbe genetics researchers to continue their research.

Frequently Asked Questions on Essay on Importance of Science in Our Life

What role does science play in our lives.

It helps us live a longer and healthier life by monitoring our health, providing medicine to cure our diseases, alleviating aches and pains, assisting us in providing water for our basic needs – including our food – providing energy and making life more enjoyable by including sports, music, entertainment, and cutting-edge communication technology.

How has science influenced our daily lives?

Science has changed how we live and what we believe since the invention of the plough. Science has allowed man to pursue societal concerns such as ethics, aesthetics, education, and justice, to create cultures, and to improve human conditions by making life easier.

How has science made our lives easier?

When scientific discoveries are combined with technological advancements, machines make managing our lives easier. Science has created everything from household appliances to automobiles and aeroplanes. Farmers can now save their crops from pests and other problems thanks to advances in science.

What is the social significance of science and technology?

The essence of how science and technology contribute to society is the creation of new knowledge and then the application of that knowledge to improve human life and solve societal problems.

Why is science education important in the 21st century?

Exemplary science education can offer a rich context for developing many 21st-century skills, such as critical thinking, problem solving, and information literacy, especially when instruction addresses the nature of science and promotes the use of science practices.

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Culture Secretary Lisa Nandy speech at the Science and Industry Museum

Lisa Nandy declares culture, media and sport sectors crucial to national growth mission

From the England Football Team to our grassroots coaches, so many of you have told a different story and you have been a light on the hill in times of darkness.

And you’ve reminded us that there is a better country out there.

A few years ago I sat down with Danny Boyle, who hails from just down the road in Radcliffe. He says he’s from Bury, but he’s actually from Radcliffe.

And I asked him how a country that could unite so decisively around the inspiring and inclusive story of the 2012 Olympic Opening Ceremony could descend so quickly into anger and polarisation and division.

I asked him where has that country had gone.

And he said simply, that it is still there. But it is waiting for someone to give voice to it again.

And that is my firm belief that this country, as George Orwell said, lies beneath the surface.

And it will be heard. Not out of some technocratic notion of fulfilling quotas, getting out of London, but because that voice has a spirit and energy our country desperately needs to hear.

We are meeting here for a reason.

Because this museum celebrates the industry, innovation, and enterprise of our people. The growing economy our country needs again. The contribution that regions like ours have made to our economy, our country and to the world.

But most of all it tells the story of all the parts of our nation.

It’s the story of the ordinary extraordinary people who contribute to the growth of our country, past and present. Who quietly in every community go out and build things that last and constantly, through their hard work, rewrite our national story.

I spent many, many happy times here in this museum as a kid.

And in turn have spent many happy times here with my little boy in recent years. Although he does want to know when the train section’s reopening.

He has grown up knowing, as my generation did, that this is his museum, his

inheritance – he belongs here, and this inheritance belongs to him.

This museum, like so many of your institutions, help to shape and define us as we shape and define them. We pass them down from one generation to the next. And we neglect them at our cost.

This museum is testament to the spirit of the city that has always believed in itself. And empowered the next generation to believe in itself anew; often despite the odds.

It was just down the road in Salford that Engels wrote ‘The Condition of the Working Class’ in a city that was the driving force of the industrial revolution. 

That spirit lives on in my favourite museum – the People’s History Museum. It’s funded by the councils of Greater Manchester, and there’s a reason that we do. These are the councils who have always understood that the history of ordinary people and the ideas that drove them can not just help us not just to interpret the past, but can help us navigate the future.

That museum reminds us that change doesn’t come easily. It took the battle of

Peterloo to enfranchise the men who were building our country – and far too long before our women won that right too. But today I see that spirit at work right here amongst the amazing Mancunian women like Erinma Bell who leads the battle against the violence that scars a generation and shames our country and is a priority for our Government.

This was the city that gave the world the first free library - the Central Reference Library - which stands as a shining testament to how much the mothers and fathers of this city not only believed in our people, but cherished our culture.

And I grew up here in the aftermath of the Moss Side Riots and so it is in my DNA that never again can we be allowed to write off a generation of young people. It was that belief that led me into my first job at the youth homelessness charity Centrepoint – where I learnt everything I know about politics from those brave young people - and I feel them walking alongside me as we create a new generation of OnSide Youth Zones – from Wigan to Bolton - and show this generation that they matter to us again.

From Granada TV and its pioneering journalism, whether the campaign to free the Birmingham Six to the persistent approach to telling the story of Hillsborough and achieving justice for the 96 - to today’s Manchester Evening News that has defied the odds to become one of the most groundbreaking papers in the country and reminds us all why local and regional papers matter so much.

As the late great Tony Wilson said, “this is Manchester – we do things differently here”.

That drive, that creativity, that inclusion, that willingness to do things differently. That is the spirit of our new Government.

I hope you can see and feel it already through the curriculum review we’ve initiated to put creative and sports opportunities back at the heart of a richer, larger life for every single child.

I hope you can see it through our investment in grassroots sport and our determination that the legacy of the Paris Olympics and Euro 2024 is measured not just in trophies and medals but in choices and chances for every child wherever they live and whatever their background.

Through our partnerships with our mayors, councils, businesses and charities, we’re putting rocket boosters under our growing industries – film and theatre, TV, fashion, video games, heritage and tourism – to take the brakes off the economy, create opportunity for every child and to export our incredible talent across the world.

And through my drive to ensure the public appointments that we make truly reflect our country in all its glorious diversity. Not to fulfil a quota, but to ensure that our government draws on the creative might of all of our people.

This is the spirit this city has always embodied.

And this is the country that we can be.

When we turn to face the nation again in five years’ time, it is our ambition that we will face a self-confident country, at ease with itself, where all of our people see themselves in the story we tell ourselves about ourselves as a nation – their contribution seen and valued.

And that work will be the privilege of my life.

But it’s work that belongs neither to me nor to this Government but to each of us. Equal citizens, ordinary people, but each one of us with an extraordinary contribution to make.

I will not pretend it is easy.

But growing up here, with my background taught me that whatever people say - we can move mountains.

And when I said I wanted to do this – our first national event in Manchester – they said you wouldn’t come.

But you did.

And my message to each and every one of you is that if you share that belief in our country. If you have that zest to make change. If you want to challenge us and are willing to be challenged in turn.

Then I promise you. That we will walk alongside you. We will have your back. And we will give voice to the country many of us have believed in all our lifetime but never quite yet seen.

As the great Mancunian band Take That once said:

“We’ve come so far. And we hope for more.”

The next chapter in our country’s story is about to be written. What it looks like – is up to us.

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Essay on Science in English: Check 200, 300 & 500 Words Essay

Science is the study of logic. It explains why the world is round, why stars twinkle, why light travels faster than sound, why hawks soar higher than crows, why sunflowers face the sun and other phenomena. Science answers every question logically rather than offering mystical interpretations. Students are very interested in science as a topic. This subject is indeed crucial for those hoping to pursue careers in science and related professions.

People who are knowledgeable in science are more self-assured and aware of their environment. Knowing the cause and origin of natural events, a person knowledgeable in science will not be afraid of them.

However, science also has a big impact on a country’s technological advancement and illiteracy.

Table of Content

English-language Long and Short Science Essay

Essay on science  (200 words), essay on science (300 words), essay on science (400 words), essay on science (500 words), essay on science (600 words).

We have included a brief and lengthy English essay on science below for your knowledge and convenience. The writings have been thoughtfully crafted to impart to you the relevance and meaning of science. You will understand what science is, why it matters in daily life, and how it advances national progress after reading the writings. These science essays can be used for essay writing, debate, and other related activities at your institution or school.

Science entails a thorough examination of the behavior of the physical and natural world. Research, experimentation, and observation are used in the study.

The scientific disciplines are diverse. The social sciences, formal sciences, and natural sciences are some of them. Subcategories and sub-sub-categories have been created from these basic categories. The natural sciences include physics, chemistry, biology, earth science, and astronomy; the social sciences include history, geography, economics, political science, sociology, psychology, social studies, and anthropology; and the formal sciences include computer science, logic, statistics, decision theory, and mathematics.

The world has positively transformed because of science. Throughout history, science has produced several inventions that have improved human convenience. We cannot fathom our lives without several of these inventions since they have become essential parts of them.

Global scientists persist in their experiments and occasionally produce more advanced innovations, some of which spark global revolutions. Even if science is helpful, some people have abused knowledge, usually those in positions of authority, to drive an arms race and destroy the environment.

There is no common ground between the ideologies of science and religion. These seeming opposite viewpoints have historically led to a number of confrontations and still do.

Science is a way to learn about, comprehend, examine, and experiment with the physical and natural features of the world in order to apply it to the development of newer technologies that improve human convenience. In science, observation and experimentation are broad and not restricted to a specific concept or area of study.

Applications of Science

Science has given us almost everything we use on a daily basis. Everything, from laptops to washing machines, microwaves to cell phones, and refrigerators to cars, is the result of scientific experimentation. Here are some ways that science affects our daily lives:

Not only are refrigerators, grills, and microwaves examples of scientific inventions, but gas stoves, which are frequently used for food preparation, are as well.

Medical Interventions

Scientific advancements have made it feasible to treat a number of illnesses and conditions. Thus, science encourages healthy living and has helped people live longer.

Interaction

These days, mobile phones and internet connections are necessities in our life and were all made possible by scientific advancements. These innovations have lowered barriers to communication and widened global connections.

E nergy Source

The creation and application of numerous energy forms have been facilitated by the discovery of atomic energy. One of its greatest innovations is electricity, and everyone is aware of the effects it has on daily life.

Variety in Cuisine

There has also been an increase in food diversity. These days, a wide variety of fruits and vegetables are available year-round. It’s not necessary to wait for a given season to enjoy a certain meal. This modification is the result of scientific experimentation.

So, science is a part of our daily existence. Without scientific advancements, our lives would have been considerably more challenging and varied. Nonetheless, we cannot ignore the fact that a great deal of scientific innovation has contributed to environmental deterioration and a host of health issues for humankind.

There are essentially three main disciplines of science. The Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, and Formal Sciences are some of them. To examine different aspects, these branches are further divided into subcategories. This is a thorough examination of these groups and their subgroups.

Scientific Subdisciplines

Natural Science

This is the study of natural phenomena, as the name implies. It investigates how the cosmos and the world function. Physical science and life science are subcategories of natural science.

a) Science of Physics

The subcategories of physical science comprise the following:

• Physics is the study of matter’s and energy’s properties.
• Chemistry is the study of the materials that make up matter.
• The study of space and celestial bodies is called astronomy.
• Ecology is the study of how living things interact with their natural environments and with one another.
• Geology: It studies the composition and physical makeup of Earth.
• Earth science is the study of the atmosphere and the physical makeup of the planet.
• The study of the physical and biological components and phenomena of the ocean is known as oceanography.
• Meteorology: It studies the atmospheric processes.

The subcategories of life science include the following:

• The study of living things is called biology.
• The study of plants is known as botany.
• The study of animals is known as zoology.

c) Social Science

This includes examining social patterns and behavioral patterns in people. It is broken down into more than one subcategory. Among them are:

• History: The examination of past occurrences
• Political science is the study of political processes and governmental structures.
• Geographic: Study of the atmospheric and physical characteristics of Earth.
• Human society is studied in social studies.
• Sociology: The study of how societies form and operate.

Academic Sciences

It is the area of study that examines formal systems like logic and mathematics. It encompasses the subsequent subcategories:

• Numbers are studied in mathematics.
• Reasoning is the subject of logic.
• Statistics: It is the study of numerical data analysis.
• Mathematical analysis of decision-making in relation to profit and loss is known as decision theory.
• The study of abstract organization is known as systems theory.
• Computer science is the study of engineering and experimentation as a foundation for computer design and use.

Scientists from several fields have been doing in-depth research and testing numerous facets of the subject matter in order to generate novel ideas, innovations, and breakthroughs. Although these discoveries and technologies have made life easier for us, they have also permanently harmed both the environment and living things.

Introduction

Science is the study of various physical and natural phenomena’ structures and behaviors. Before drawing any conclusions, scientists investigate these factors, make extensive observations, and conduct experiments. In the past, science has produced a number of inventions and discoveries that have been beneficial to humanity.

I deas in Religion and Science

In science, new ideas and technologies are developed through a methodical and rational process; in religion, however, beliefs and faith are the only factors considered. In science, conclusions are reached by careful observation, analysis, and experimentation; in religion, however, conclusions are rarely reached through reason. As a result, they have very different perspectives on things.

Science and Religion at Odds

Because science and religion hold different opinions on many issues, they are frequently perceived as being at odds. Unfortunately, these disputes occasionally cause social unrest and innocent people to suffer. These are a few of the most significant disputes that have happened.

The World’s Creation

The world was formed in six days, according to many conservative Christians, sometime between 4004 and 8000 BCE. However, cosmologists assert that the Earth originated about 4.5 billion years ago and that the cosmos may be as old as 13.7 billion years.

The Earth as the Universe’s Center

Among the most well-known clashes is this one. Earth was considered to be the center of the universe by the Roman Catholic Church. They say that it is surrounded by the Sun, Moon, stars, and other planets. Famous Italian mathematician and astronomer Galileo Galilei’s discovery of the heliocentric system—in which the Sun is at the center of the solar system and the Earth and other planets orbit it—led to the conflict.

Eclipses of the Sun and Moon

Iraq was the scene of one of the first wars. The locals were informed by the priests that the moon eclipse was caused by the gods’ restlessness. These were seen as foreboding and intended to overthrow the kings. When the local astronomers proposed a scientific explanation for the eclipse, a disagreement arose.

There are still many myths and superstitions concerning solar and lunar eclipses around the world, despite astronomers providing a compelling and rational explanation for their occurrence.

In addition to these, there are a number of other fields in which religious supporters and scientists hold divergent opinions. While scientists, astronomers, and biologists have evidence to support their claims, the majority of people adhere closely to religious beliefs.

Not only do religious activists frequently oppose scientific methods and ideas, but many other facets of society have also taken issue with science since its discoveries are leading to a host of social, political, environmental, and health problems. Nuclear weapons are one example of a scientific invention that threatens humanity. In addition, the processes involved in preparation and the utilization of the majority of scientifically created equipment contribute to pollution, making life more difficult for all.

In the previous few decades, a number of scientific advancements and discoveries have greatly eased people’s lives. The previous ten years were not an anomaly. A good number of important scientific discoveries were acknowledged. The top ten most amazing recent scientific inventions are shown below.

New Developments and Findings in Science

Amputee Gains Control of Biomechanical Hand via Mental After a tragic accident took away his forearm, Pierpaolo Petruzziello, an Italian, used his mind to control a biomechanical hand attached to his arm. The hand used wires and electrodes to connect to the nerves in his arm. He became the first to become skilled at doing motions like gripping objects, wriggling his fingers, and moving.

The Global Positioning System

In 2005, the Global Positioning System, or GPS as it is more often known, went into commercial use. It was incorporated into mobile devices and worked wonders for tourists all over the world. Traveling to more recent locations and needing instructions couldn’t be simpler.

The Self-Driving Car Toyota debuted Prius shortly after Google launched its own self-driving car experiment in 2008. The accelerator, steering wheel, and brake pedals are absent from this vehicle. It runs without the need for user input because it is driven by an electric motor. To guarantee that the driverless experience is seamless and secure, it is integrated with specialized software, a collection of sensors, and precise digital maps.

Android, widely regarded as one of the most significant innovations of the decade, revolutionized the market by flooding it with devices running Java and Symbian earlier on. These days, Android is the operating system used by the majority of smartphones. Millions of applications are supported by it.

c) Computer Vision

A number of sub-domains fall under the umbrella of computer vision, including learning, video tracking, object recognition, object pose estimation, event detection, indexing, picture restoration, and scene reconstruction. In order to produce symbolic information, the field includes methods for processing, analyzing, obtaining, and understanding images in high-dimensional data from the real world.

d) Touch Screen Technology

It appears that touch screen technology has taken over the planet. The popularity of touch screen gadgets can be attributed to their ease of use. These gadgets are becoming quite popular everywhere.

e) Method of 3D Printing

The 3D printer is capable of producing a wide range of items, such as lamps, cookware, accessories, and much more. Alternatively referred to as additive manufacturing, this process uses digital model data from electronic data sources like Additive Manufacturing Files (AMF) to construct three-dimensional items of any shape.

Git Hub is an online hosting service and version control repository that was founded in 2008. It provides features including bug tracking, task management, feature requests, and the sharing of codes, apps, and other materials. The GitHub platform was first developed in 2007, and the website went live in 2008.

f) Smart Timepieces

The market for smart watches has been around for a while. The more recent models, like the one introduced by Apple, have garnered enormous popularity and come with a number of extra capabilities. Nearly all of the functionality found on smartphones are included in these watches, which are also more convenient to wear and use.

g) Websites for Crowdfunding

The emergence of crowdsourcing websites like Indiegogo, Kickstarter, and GoFundMe has been a blessing for innovators. Inventors, artists, and other creative people can share their ideas and gain the funding they need to put them into action by using these websites.

Global scientists constantly observe and experiment to develop new scientific discoveries that improve people’s lives. Not only do they consistently create new technologies, but they also adapt the ones that already exist whenever there is an opportunity. Even while these innovations have made life easier for humans, you are all aware of the numerous environmental, social, and political risks they have brought about.

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Essay on Science- FAQs

Who is father of science.

Galileo is the father of science.

Why is it called science?

The word “scientia” has Latin origins and originally meant “knowledge,” “an expertness,” or “experience.”

What is science for students?

Science is the study of the world by observation, recording, listening, and watching. Science is the application of intellectual inquiry into the nature of the world and its behavior. Think like a scientist, anyone can.

What is science’s primary goal or objective?

Science’s primary goal is to provide an explanation for the facts. Moreover, science does not prohibit the explanation of facts in an arbitrary manner. Additionally, science organizes the data and develops theories to explain the data.

Describe what a scientific fact is.

Repeatable, meticulous observations or measurements made through experiments or other methods are referred to as scientific facts. Furthermore, empirical evidence is another name for a scientific fact. Most importantly, the development of scientific hypotheses depends on scientific facts.

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Why have kids' parties gotten so out of hand?

Is it just me or have kids’ parties gotten out of control? Nearly every time I go on Facebook, I’m astounded by the measures parents take to throw over-the-top parties for their children. And it’s not just birthday parties , but celebrations across the board: baptisms and christenings, end-of-school-year parties and graduations. Don’t get me wrong — I understand people wanting to celebrate, but I really don’t see why we have to make these celebrations into such … events . Sometimes these parties — for children , remember — are as elaborate as weddings. I recently saw photos from an event for a new baby that was so extreme, I swear it rivaled the royal wedding. People are hiring event planners, photographers, drones and DJs.

As a mom of young kids, I’m sick of it.

When I was a little girl, my birthday parties were so simple. Most of the time it was just a gathering of a few friends. My mom would take us to the movies and we would then have pizza, cake and listen to music. It was about having fun and creating a special memory with people I loved. I didn’t ever need — or expect — a big fancy party. When I was little, my parents weren’t focused on hosting an event that people would be talking about for days (or commenting on on Instagram), but rather creating a fun party for me. And that was all I needed. 

Now it seems like the motto is: the bigger the better. And I worry that we’re teaching kids that to have a great party, we have to spend a lot of money. By creating such over-the-top themed events, we’re focusing on the events themselves and not what we’re actually celebrating. 

I will admit I’ve even felt some pressure to follow along with this trend. Case in point: I recently threw my daughter a 6th birthday party. By most standards, I would say it was a mid-level extravagance. I decorated myself, but we hired entertainment for the children, purchased a beautiful cake from a bakery, put together goody bags and hosted the party at a local restaurant. All together, it cost over $600 (or around 550 euros, as I’m an expat living in Italy). Yes, it’s a lot of money, but from conversations I’ve had with fellow parents, I know it’s also not an uncommon amount to spend. Plus, I wanted to make sure my daughter had a memorable party! We all want our kids to be happy, right? This was also the first year that my daughter would share her birthday with her new baby brother (their birthdays are one day apart), so I wanted to make sure she had a party that was all for her. 

But, after it was done, and even though my daughter had a blast, I didn’t like that I’d felt pressured to throw a big party in the first place. I have to admit, I feel like a bit of a hypocrite complaining about all the extravagance and yet here I am, having followed the trend myself. And I don’t want to set this precedent for every year. (Hopefully it’s not too late!) By throwing these types of parties for little kids, I worry that we’re setting our children up to be — for lack of a better phrase — spoiled little brats. Again, I’m somewhat guilty of this myself. For example, this year, I didn’t really want to hire an entertainer for my daughter’s party, but I did it last year and my daughter loved it and begged me to do it again, so I caved. But I’ve decided that in the future, I want to put my money to better use. I don’t want my daughter to think over-the-top parties are normal. Besides that, I honestly don’t want to have to fuss every single year like this. I want to bring back simple parties like the ones I enjoyed as a child — a few friends and pizza. And I want my children to know that the money we save will be for their future — for travel and school, etc. 

Of course I want my children to feel special on their birthdays. I want them to have the best time. But if I know anything about kids, I know they can have plenty of fun without any extravagance at all.

Caroline Chirichella is originally from NYC and now calls Italy her home. She is a public relations consultant with a focus on female- and mom-run businesses, and a  freelance writer .