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The urban has become a keyword of early twenty-first-century economic, political, and cultural discourse. But as its resonance has intensified in social science and in the public sphere, the conceptual and cartographic specificity of the urban has been severely blunted. Is there any future for a distinct field of urban theory in a world in which urbanization has been generalized onto a planetary scale? This article reflects on this state of affairs and outlines a series of theses intended to reinvigorate the theoretical framework of urban studies in relation to emergent forms of urbanization. Several conceptual distinctions - between categories of practice and categories of analysis, nominal essences and constitutive essences, and concentrated and extended urbanization—are proposed to inform possible future mappings of the planetary urban condition.
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The ‘urban age’ in question, la "era urbana" en debate, urbanization as aporia, kelowna as hiatus: geographical imaginaries and political limits of an urban world, the greening imaginary: urbanized nature in germany’s ruhr region.
Towards a new epistemology of the urban, with, against and beyond lefebvre: planetary urbanization and epistemic plurality, situating the anthropocene: planetary urbanization and the anthropological machine, animating the urban vortex: new sociological urgencies.
74 references, the urban question: a marxist approach, what is urban in the contemporary world, locating neoliberalism in east asia: neoliberalizing spaces in developmental states, cities: reimagining the urban, is there an urban sociology questions on a field and a vision, the american journal of sociology, assemblage urbanism and the challenges of critical urban theory, the urban sensorium: space, ideology and the aestheticization of politics, rethinking the modular nation form: toward a sociohistorical conception of nationalism, related papers.
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Urbanization has long been associated with human development and progress, but recent studies have shown that urban settings can also lead to significant inequalities and health problems. This paper is concerned with the adverse impact of urbanization on both developed and developing nations and both wealthy and poor populations within those nations, addressing issues associated with public health problems in urban areas. The discussion in this paper will be of interest to policy makers. The paper advocates policies that improve the socio-economic conditions of the urban poor and promote their better health. Further, this discussion encourages wealthy people and nations to become better informed about the challenges that may arise when urbanization occurs in their regions without the required social supports and infrastructure.
Urbanization refers to the mass movement of populations from rural to urban settings and the consequent physical changes to urban settings. In 2019, the United Nations estimated that more than half the world’s population (4.2 billion people) now live in urban area and by 2041, this figure will increase to 6 billion people [ 1 ].
Cities are known to play multifaceted functions in all societies. They are the heart of technological development and economic growth of many nations, while at the same time serving as a breeding ground for poverty, inequality, environmental hazards, and communicable diseases [ 2 ]. When large numbers of people congregate in cities, many problems result, particularly for the poor. For example, many rural migrants who settle in an urban slum area bring their families and their domesticated animals—both pets and livestock—with them. This influx of humans and animals leads to vulnerability of all migrants to circulating communicable diseases and the potential to establish an urban transmission cycle. Further, most urban poor live in slums that are unregulated, have congested conditions, are overcrowded, are positioned near open sewers, and restricted to geographically dangerous areas such as hillsides, riverbanks, and water basins subject to landslides, flooding, or industrial hazards. All of these factors lead to the spread of communicable and non-communicable diseases, pollution, poor nutrition, road traffic, and so on [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The problems faced by the poor spill over to other city dwellers. As the trend to urbanization continues, this spillover effect increases and takes on a global dimension as more and more of the world’s populations are affected [ 3 ].
Some of the major health problems resulting from urbanization include poor nutrition, pollution-related health conditions and communicable diseases, poor sanitation and housing conditions, and related health conditions. These have direct impacts on individual quality of life, while straining public health systems and resources [ 6 ].
Urbanization has a major negative impact on the nutritional health of poor populations. Because they have limited financial resources and the cost of food is higher in cities, the urban poor lack nutritious diets and this leads to illness, which contributes to loss of appetite and poor absorption of nutrients among those affected. Furthermore, environmental contamination also contributes to undernutrition; street food is often prepared in unhygienic conditions, leading to outbreaks of food-borne illnesses (e.g., botulism, salmonellosis, and shigellosis) [ 6 ]. Urban dwellers also suffer from overnutrition and obesity, a growing global public health problem. Obesity and other lifestyle conditions contribute to chronic diseases (such as cancers, diabetes, and heart diseases). Although obesity is most common among the wealthy, international agencies have noted the emergence of increased weight among the middle class and poor in recent years [ 7 ].
Populations in poor nations that suffer from protein-energy malnutrition [ 8 ] have increased susceptibility to infection [ 9 ] through the impact of micronutrient deficiency on immune system development and function [ 10 ]. Around 168 million children under 5 are estimated to be malnourished and 76% of these children live in Asia [ 11 ]. At the same time, the World Health Organization is concerned that there is an emerging pandemic of obesity in poor countries that leads to non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, and stroke [ 12 ].
Obesity is caused by increased caloric intake and decreased physical activity [ 13 ], something historically associated with wealth. However, people in urbanized areas of developing countries are also now vulnerable to obesity due to lack of physical space, continually sitting in workplaces, and excessive energy intake and low energy expenditure. In these areas, infrastructure is often lacking, including sufficient space for recreational activities. Further, in developing countries, as in developed countries, large employers frequently place head offices in urban capitals and work is increasingly sedentary in nature [ 14 ]. Another culprit associated with the risk of developing obesity is the change in food intake that has led to the so-called nutrition transition (increased the consumption of animal-source foods, sugar, fats and oils, refined grains, and processed foods) in urban areas. For instance, in China, dietary patterns have changed concomitantly with urbanization in the past 30 years, leading to increased obesity [ 15 ]. In 2003, the World Health Organization estimated that more than 300 million adults were affected, the majority in developed and highly urbanized countries [ 16 ]. Since then, the prevalence of obesity has increased. For example, in Australia, around 28% of adults were obese in 2014–2015 [ 17 ].
Pollution is another major contributor to poor health in urban environments. For instance, the World Health Organization estimated that 6.5 million people died (11.6% of all global deaths) as a consequence of indoor and outdoor air pollution and nearly 90% of air-pollution-related deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries [ 18 ]. Poor nutrition and pollution both contribute to a third major challenge for urban populations: communicable diseases. The poor live in congested conditions, near open sewers and stagnant water, and are therefore constantly exposed to unhealthy waste [ 6 ]. Inadequate sanitation can lead to the transmission of helminths and other intestinal parasites. Pollution (e.g., from CO 2 emission) from congested urban areas contributes to localized and global climate change and direct health problems, such as respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer for both the rich and the poor.
In addition to human-to-human transmission, animals and insects serve as efficient vectors for diseases within urban settings and do not discriminate between the rich and poor. The prevalence and impact of communicable diseases in urban settings, such as tuberculosis (TB), malaria, cholera, dengue, and others, is well established and of global concern.
National and international researchers and policy makers have explored various strategies to address such problems, yet the problems remain. For example, research on solutions for megacities has been ongoing since the early 1990s [ 19 , 20 ]. These studies have concluded that pollution, unreliable electricity, and non-functioning infrastructure are priority initiatives; nevertheless, air pollution, quality of water in cities, congestion, disaster management issues, and infrastructure are not being systematically addressed [ 19 , 20 ].
The impact of inner city transportation on health, such as road traffic, is emerging as a serious problem. Statistics show that a minimum of 10 people die every day on the railways in the city of Mumbai, India [ 21 ]. Vietnam is another example of a country that has seen a remarkable increase in road traffic accidents [ 22 ]. Improvements to the country’s infrastructure have not been able to meet the increasing growth of vehicular and human traffic on the street. Vietnam reportedly has a population of 95 million and more than 18 million motorbikes on its roads. A deliberate policy is needed to reduce accidents [ 21 ].
Although urbanization has become an irreversible phenomenon, some have argued that to resolve the problems of the city, we must tackle the root causes of the problem, such as improving the socio-economic situation of the urban poor.
Until the conditions in rural areas improve, populations will continue to migrate to urban settings. Given the challenges that rural development poses, the root causes are unlikely to be addressed in the near future. Therefore, governments and development agencies should concentrate on adapting to the challenges of urbanization, while seeking to reduce unplanned urbanization.
Some examples of policies and practices that should be considered include (i) policies that consider whole-of-life journeys, incorporating accessible employment, community participation, mobility/migration and social transition, to break generational poverty cycles; (ii) policies addressing urban environmental issues, such as planned urban space and taxes on the use of vehicles to reduce use or to encourage vehicles that use less fuel as well as encourage bicycle use, walking, and other forms of human transportation; (iii) greater cooperative planning between rural and urban regions to improve food security (e.g., subsidies for farmers providing locally produced, unprocessed and low cost food to urban centers); (iv) social protection and universal health coverage to reduce wealth disparity among urban dwellers; including introduction of programs and services for health, for example by establishing primary healthcare clinics accessible and affordable for all including those living in urban slums [ 23 ].
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Arundell L, Sudholz B, Teychenne M, Salmon J, Hayward B, Healy G, et al. The impact of activity based working (ABW) on workplace activity, eating behaviours, productivity, and satisfaction. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2018;15(5):1005.
Zhang J, Wang D, Eldridge A, Huang F, Ouyang Y, Wang H, et al. Urban–rural disparities in energy intake and contribution of fat and animal source foods in Chinese children aged 4–17 years. Nutrients. 2017;9(5):526.
World Health Organization. Obesity and Overweight. Geveva: World Health Organization; 2003.
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Risk factors to health. Australia: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW); 2017.
World Health Organization. World Health Organization releases country estimates on air pollution exposure and health impact. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
Mavropoulos A, ISWA S, SA CE, editors. Megacities sustainable development and waste management in the 21st century. World Congress; 2010.
Fuchs RJ, Brennan E, Lo F-C, Uitto JI, Chamie J. Mega-city Growth and the Future: United Nations University Press; 1994.
Doytsher Y, Kelly P, Khouri R, McLAREN R, Potsiou C. Rapid urbanization and mega cities: The need for spatial information management. Research study by FIG commission. 2010;3.
Ngo AD, Rao C, Hoa NP, Hoy DG, Trang KTQ, Hill PS. Road traffic related mortality in Vietnam: evidence for policy from a national sample mortality surveillance system. BMC public health. 2012;12(1):561.
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This work was conducted as a part of a PhD programme of the first authors and funded by the College of Medicine and Dentistry at the James Cook University, Australia (JCU-QLD-933347).
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Home > Libraries and Archives > Rizal Library > Theses/Dissertations > Browse All > 509
Projection of urbanization trend in calabarzon, central luzon, and metro manila and potential impact on local climate.
Alyssa Valerio
Document type, degree name.
Master of Science in Environmental Science
Environmental Science
Gemmalyn M. Trespalacio, MSc.
Calabarzon and Central Luzon regions are seen to be affected by urban growth due to their proximity to Metro Manila. Climate change is considered as one of the most adverse effects caused by urbanization. This study aimed to project the built-up expansion in Calabarzon, Central Luzon, and Metro Manila using satellite images and GIS and to assess the impact of urban expansion on the local climate. The study used Population Density, National Roads, and Economic Zones as the driving forces of urban expansion. In the 2037 projected land cover conversion, provinces of Cavite in Calabarzon with 437.2326 km2 increase; Tarlac in Central Luzon with 107.6355 km2 increase; and Muntinlupa City in Metro Manila with 9.3834 km2 increase will experience the highest built-up expansion. The impact of built-up expansion on the local climate was also investigated using different land cover maps incorporated into the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model: (1) 2017 and (2) 2037 land cover maps. The months of April and September, over a 10-year period (2008–2017), were selected to represent the dry and wet seasons. Differences in temperature at 2m above the surface, surface temperature, sensible, latent, and ground heat fluxes, moisture flux, and precipitation were quantified by comparing the two simulations that result in statistically significant changes at the p < 0.05 confidence level. Among the different types of land conversions, vegetation to built-up shows the highest influence on the local climate. The study could be useful to the local government in identifying areas that are prone to built-up expansion and to help the LGU with its disaster risk reduction and mitigation management in the local climate change.
Valerio, Alyssa, (2020). Projection of Urbanization Trend in Calabarzon, Central Luzon, and Metro Manila and Potential Impact on Local Climate. Archīum.ATENEO . https://archium.ateneo.edu/theses-dissertations/509
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A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . It usually comes near the end of your introduction .
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The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning environment for both students and teachers.
You should come up with an initial thesis, sometimes called a working thesis , early in the writing process . As soon as you’ve decided on your essay topic , you need to work out what you want to say about it—a clear thesis will give your essay direction and structure.
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The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education because it facilitates easier access to information.
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The urban has become a keyword of early twenty-first-century economic, political, and cultural discourse. ... This is t he core thesis of D iener et al. 20 01. rura l, wilderness, or otherwise) as ...
Bachelor's Thesis 2022 15 ECTS Faculty of Landscape and Society Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric) ... Urbanization is a process that leads to the growth of cities due to industrialization and economic development, and that leads to urban- specific changes in specialization, labour ...
Theses on Urbanization. Public Culture (2013) 25 (1 (69)): 85-114. The urban has become a keyword of early twenty-first-century economic, political, and cultural discourse. But as its resonance has intensified in social science and in the public sphere, the conceptual and cartographic specificity of the urban has been severely blunted.
Between a Rock and a Hot Place: Economic Development and Climate Change Adaptation in Vietnam, Khanh Katherine Pham (Thesis) PDF. Neighborhood Economic Impacts of Contemporary Art Centers, Steve Van Eck (Closed Thesis) PDF. Urban Geocomputation: Two Studies on Urban Form and its Role in Altering Climate, Jackson Lee Voelkel (Thesis)
Anderson, Raven. "Policy Levers and Urban Growth: A Study o Rapid Urbanization and its Manaement in Ulaanbaatar, Monolia." (Advisor: Michael Hooper) arrera, Mariana. "Añelo, Arentina, and the Urban hallenes o a Shale oom Town." (Advisor: Diane Davis) Hwan, hristine. "Unluin Detroit's Stained-Glass Mosaic: Parochial Schools as
See Full PDFDownload PDF. T W E N T Y- F I R S T- C E N T U R Y U R B A N I S M Theses on Urbanization Neil Brenner In the early 1970s, a young Marxist sociologist named Manuel Castells, then living in exile in Paris, began his soon-to-be-classic intervention, The Urban Question, by declaring his "astonishment" that debates on "urban ...
Urbanization alters the environment in profound ways that affects both the ecology and evolution of species and their interactions with one another. My thesis explores how urbanization alters ecological processes in urban populations and communities and investigates how patterns of
The following are links to pages with basic details about Masters' theses from the Department of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Please see Find Dissertations for more details about locating Masters' theses in general. Check the online catalog of IDEALS for Masters' theses not listed here. ...
KYLE FARRELL. Doctoral Thesis in Urban and Regional Studies Stockholm, Sweden, 2018 KTH Royal Institute of Technology School of Architecture and the Built Environment Department of Urban Planning and Environment SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden. Title: Rapid Urbanization: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Urban Transition in Developing ...
Several conceptual distinctions - between categories of practice and categories of analysis, nominal essences and constitutive essences, and concentrated and extended urbanization—are proposed to inform possible future mappings of the planetary urban condition. Publisher's Version. DOI: 10.1215/08992363-1890477. See also: Epicenter: May 2014.
Theses on Urbanization. N. Brenner. Published 21 December 2013. Sociology. Public Culture. In the early 1970s, a young Marxist sociologist named Manuel Castells, then living in exile in Paris, began his soontobe-classic intervention, The Urban Question, by declaring his "astonishment" that debates on "urban problems" were becoming "an ...
Thesis: Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2016. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references. This dissertation is a collection of three essays on urbanization and migration. The first essay is a treatment on the urbanization theory.
Thesis Preparation Seminar (GSD 9204) This seminar provides the theoretical and methodological foundation necessary for completing a graduate thesis in the Department of Urban Planning and Design. The seminar is appropriate for both planning and design students.
THESIS. The slums of rapidly growing cities in developing nations, specifically Villa 31 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, can provide positive lessons in urban sustainability and cultural vitality. Certain urban and architectural characteristics that incidentally occur in these settlements can form a basis for sustainable development.
Introduction. Urbanization is a complex phenomenon according to urban economists and is defined as the demographic process resulting in more expansion of the population in the urban area. According to the United Nations projection, in 2050, two-third of the global population will be present in urban areas.
looks at important factors that are included in creating strong urban neighborhoods. In order to further analyze this topic this thesis will look at neighborhood plans to see how two cities go about answering these questions. This thesis is developed from the vantage point of city planning. It is a synthesis
Urbanization refers to the mass movement of populations from rural to urban settings and the consequent physical changes to urban settings. In 2019, the United Nations estimated that more than half the world's population (4.2 billion people) now live in urban area and by 2041, this figure will increase to 6 billion people [].Cities are known to play multifaceted functions in all societies.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Urbanization Essay. These resources are easily exploited because of the availability of facilities and labor in the cities, which leads to economic development and improvement of living standards of the city dwellers. Urbanization Negative Impacts. Change within a society may have political, social and economic ...
Calabarzon and Central Luzon regions are seen to be affected by urban growth due to their proximity to Metro Manila. Climate change is considered as one of the most adverse effects caused by urbanization. This study aimed to project the built-up expansion in Calabarzon, Central Luzon, and Metro Manila using satellite images and GIS and to assess the impact of urban expansion on the local climate.
Due to uncontrolled urbanization in India, environmental degradation has been occurring very rapidly and causing many problems like land insecurity, worsening water quality, excessive air ...
1.1 Statement of the problem and research aim After decadesofwriting, supervisingandrefereeing master anddoctoral thesesinthe fields of Architecture and Urban Planning, the authors noticed that TP's differ in format and content from a school to another. This may be considered a healthy matter because it gives
While many bird species persist in urban environments, little is known about the consequence of urbanization on birds - in part because urban landscapes confer conflicting pressures, such as exposure to novel predators, and benefits, such as anthropogenic food resources.
Step 2: Write your initial answer. After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process. The internet has had more of a positive than a negative effect on education.