in this research all

• HOI4 Console Commands
• Research Command

HOI4 Research Command

General information.

This command can be used to research all equipment, or equipment in a specific technology slot.

research [slot id / 'all']

research all

This command will research all equipment.

This command will research the piece of equipment in technology slot 1.

Research commands for HOI4

If you want to research everything that is available in Hearts of Iron 4, then you could use command research all . Alternatively, you could use research slot_id which finishes research in the specific research slot which you have.

research all command

After you use research all command, you will get all things which you could have in HOI4. This could be problematic for your economy or game because you have to react to changes after the research.

So in my opinion it is better to use research {slotID} because this will finish current slots and you’ll be more aware of what’s been researched. You can then take the necessary steps to do better research more slowly and have more control. Don’t be scared, it is fine to try to research all and look at game features to know what HOI4 offers for you.

research_on_icon_click command

As I mentioned above, research_on_icon_click is instant research on demand. If you use this command, you will be able to open a research tree and after clicking on icons, you will get this technology.

However, don’t forget that you need to use this command carefully because this command is also applied on AI. So they will get significantly faster than you. For this case, I recommend turning it off after using it.

The NNLM All of Us Program Center (NAPC) works with public libraries to help communities participate in biomedical research, like the All of Us Research Program, and to support the health information needs of their communities.

We support All of Us to engage those interested in becoming a participant and to provide value for those who are currently participating in the program.

We offer something for every public library, including training, funding, connections, and amazing resources:

Resources Library

The following resources are from NLM, NNLM, and All of Us that can be used by partner libraries to engage with your community about digital literacy, health literacy, and the NIH All of Us Research Program.

Why we support participation in biomedical research

Learn more about why we’re partnering with public libraries to support participation in biomedical research.

Understanding Health Equity

This series of activities will help you understand why equality (treating everyone the same way) is not the same as equity, and how “the three D’s” (diversity, discrimination, and disparities) interact to create situations where some people are disadvantaged in ways that affect their health.

Public libraries are ideal for providing access to trusted health information for library users of all ages, which can aid in patrons’ decision-making about their health and that of their loved ones.

What is the All of Us Research Program?

The All of Us Research Program, or All of Us for short, is a research program from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is seeking to enroll one million or more people from across the U.S. to advance medical research.

People who join All of Us will share information about their health, habits, and what it’s like where they live. By looking for patterns, researchers may learn more about what affects people’s health.

What is the Network of the National Library of Medicine (NNLM)?

The Network of the National Library of Medicine (NNLM) is made up of organizations of all kinds that are engaged in health and wellness in their communities - our Members provide health information resources and services to health professionals, academic communities, and the general public. If you are providing health information through a library, information center, public health department, K-12 school, university, hospital, or other organization, please consider joining the Network of the National Library of Medicine!

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Science, health, and public trust.

September 8, 2021

Explaining How Research Works

We’ve heard “follow the science” a lot during the pandemic. But it seems science has taken us on a long and winding road filled with twists and turns, even changing directions at times. That’s led some people to feel they can’t trust science. But when what we know changes, it often means science is working.

Explaining the scientific process may be one way that science communicators can help maintain public trust in science. Placing research in the bigger context of its field and where it fits into the scientific process can help people better understand and interpret new findings as they emerge. A single study usually uncovers only a piece of a larger puzzle.

Questions about how the world works are often investigated on many different levels. For example, scientists can look at the different atoms in a molecule, cells in a tissue, or how different tissues or systems affect each other. Researchers often must choose one or a finite number of ways to investigate a question. It can take many different studies using different approaches to start piecing the whole picture together.

Sometimes it might seem like research results contradict each other. But often, studies are just looking at different aspects of the same problem. Researchers can also investigate a question using different techniques or timeframes. That may lead them to arrive at different conclusions from the same data.

Using the data available at the time of their study, scientists develop different explanations, or models. New information may mean that a novel model needs to be developed to account for it. The models that prevail are those that can withstand the test of time and incorporate new information. Science is a constantly evolving and self-correcting process.

Scientists gain more confidence about a model through the scientific process. They replicate each other’s work. They present at conferences. And papers undergo peer review, in which experts in the field review the work before it can be published in scientific journals. This helps ensure that the study is up to current scientific standards and maintains a level of integrity. Peer reviewers may find problems with the experiments or think different experiments are needed to justify the conclusions. They might even offer new ways to interpret the data.

It’s important for science communicators to consider which stage a study is at in the scientific process when deciding whether to cover it. Some studies are posted on preprint servers for other scientists to start weighing in on and haven’t yet been fully vetted. Results that haven't yet been subjected to scientific scrutiny should be reported on with care and context to avoid confusion or frustration from readers.

We’ve developed a one-page guide, "How Research Works: Understanding the Process of Science" to help communicators put the process of science into perspective. We hope it can serve as a useful resource to help explain why science changes—and why it’s important to expect that change. Please take a look and share your thoughts with us by sending an email to  [email protected].

Below are some additional resources:

• Discoveries in Basic Science: A Perfectly Imperfect Process
• When Clinical Research Is in the News
• What is Basic Science and Why is it Important?
• ​ What is a Research Organism?
• What Are Clinical Trials and Studies?
• Basic Research – Digital Media Kit
• Decoding Science: How Does Science Know What It Knows? (NAS)
• Can Science Help People Make Decisions ? (NAS)

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All of Us: Release of Nearly 100,000 Whole Genome Sequences Sets Stage for New Discoveries

Posted on March 29th, 2022 by Joshua Denny, M.D., M.S., and Lawrence Tabak, D.D.S., Ph.D.

Nearly four years ago, NIH opened national enrollment for the All of Us Research Program . This historic program is building a vital research community within the United States of at least 1 million participant partners from all backgrounds. Its unifying goal is to advance precision medicine, an emerging form of health care tailored specifically to the individual, not the average patient as is now often the case. As part of this historic effort, many participants have offered DNA samples for whole genome sequencing, which provides information about almost all of an individual’s genetic makeup.

Earlier this month, the All of Us Research Program hit an important milestone. We released the first set of nearly 100,000 whole genome sequences from our participant partners. The sequences are stored in the All of Us Researcher Workbench , a powerful, cloud-based analytics platform that makes these data broadly accessible to registered researchers.

The All of Us Research Program and its many participant partners are leading the way toward more equitable representation in medical research. About half of this new genomic information comes from people who self-identify with a racial or ethnic minority group. That’s extremely important because, until now, over 90 percent of participants in large genomic studies were of European descent. This lack of diversity has had huge impacts—deepening health disparities and hindering scientific discovery from fully benefiting everyone.

The Researcher Workbench also contains information from many of the participants’ electronic health records, Fitbit devices, and survey responses. Another neat feature is that the platform links to data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey to provide more details about the communities where participants live.

This unique and comprehensive combination of data will be key in transforming our understanding of health and disease. For example, given the vast amount of data and diversity in the Researcher Workbench, new diseases are undoubtedly waiting to be uncovered and defined . Many new genetic variants are also waiting to be identified that may better predict disease risk and response to treatment .

To speed up the discovery process, these data are being made available, both widely and wisely. To protect participants’ privacy, the program has removed all direct identifiers from the data and upholds strict requirements for researchers seeking access. Already, more than 1,500 scientists across the United States have gained access to the Researcher Workbench through their institutions after completing training and agreeing to the program’s strict rules for responsible use. Some of these researchers are already making discoveries that promote precision medicine, such as finding ways to predict how to best to prevent vision loss in patients with glaucoma .

Beyond making genomic data available for research, All of Us participants have the opportunity to receive their personal DNA results , at no cost to them. So far, the program has offered genetic ancestry and trait results to more than 100,000 participants. Plans are underway to begin sharing health-related DNA results on hereditary disease risk and medication-gene interactions later this year.

This first release of genomic data is a huge milestone for the program and for health research more broadly, but it’s also just the start. The program’s genome centers continue to generate the genomic data and process about 5,000 additional participant DNA samples every week.

The ultimate goal is to gather health data from at least 1 million or more people living in the United States, and there’s plenty of time to join the effort. Whether you would like to contribute your own DNA and health information, engage in research, or support the All of Us Research Program as a partner, it’s easy to get involved. By taking part in this historic program, you can help to build a better and more equitable future for health research and precision medicine.

Note: Joshua Denny, M.D., M.S. , is the Chief Executive Officer of NIH’s All of Us Research Program.

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Tags: All of Us , All of Us Research Program , All of Us Researcher Workbench , big data , cohort , data protection , diversity , DNA , DNA sequencing , EHR , electronic health records , ethnicity , Fitbit , genome , genomics , glaucoma , health disparities , precision medicine , race , research privacy , U.S. Census Bureau , whole genome sequencing

Wow! What an accomplishment

I hope there are a diverse group of ethics people involved as well. Information misused for eugenics type projects have dire consequences. Given the ubiquitous nature of food allergies and CYP450 metabolism, not everyone on this planet will use the information for “altruistic” purposes. Trust is all well and good until it is abused.

This is very useful

Wow! What an accomplishment …

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Methodology

Research Methods | Definitions, Types, Examples

Research methods are specific procedures for collecting and analyzing data. Developing your research methods is an integral part of your research design . When planning your methods, there are two key decisions you will make.

First, decide how you will collect data . Your methods depend on what type of data you need to answer your research question :

• Qualitative vs. quantitative : Will your data take the form of words or numbers?
• Primary vs. secondary : Will you collect original data yourself, or will you use data that has already been collected by someone else?
• Descriptive vs. experimental : Will you take measurements of something as it is, or will you perform an experiment?

Second, decide how you will analyze the data .

• For quantitative data, you can use statistical analysis methods to test relationships between variables.
• For qualitative data, you can use methods such as thematic analysis to interpret patterns and meanings in the data.

Table of contents

Methods for collecting data, examples of data collection methods, methods for analyzing data, examples of data analysis methods, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about research methods.

Data is the information that you collect for the purposes of answering your research question . The type of data you need depends on the aims of your research.

Qualitative vs. quantitative data

Your choice of qualitative or quantitative data collection depends on the type of knowledge you want to develop.

For questions about ideas, experiences and meanings, or to study something that can’t be described numerically, collect qualitative data .

If you want to develop a more mechanistic understanding of a topic, or your research involves hypothesis testing , collect quantitative data .

You can also take a mixed methods approach , where you use both qualitative and quantitative research methods.

Primary vs. secondary research

Primary research is any original data that you collect yourself for the purposes of answering your research question (e.g. through surveys , observations and experiments ). Secondary research is data that has already been collected by other researchers (e.g. in a government census or previous scientific studies).

If you are exploring a novel research question, you’ll probably need to collect primary data . But if you want to synthesize existing knowledge, analyze historical trends, or identify patterns on a large scale, secondary data might be a better choice.

Descriptive vs. experimental data

In descriptive research , you collect data about your study subject without intervening. The validity of your research will depend on your sampling method .

In experimental research , you systematically intervene in a process and measure the outcome. The validity of your research will depend on your experimental design .

To conduct an experiment, you need to be able to vary your independent variable , precisely measure your dependent variable, and control for confounding variables . If it’s practically and ethically possible, this method is the best choice for answering questions about cause and effect.

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Your data analysis methods will depend on the type of data you collect and how you prepare it for analysis.

Data can often be analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. For example, survey responses could be analyzed qualitatively by studying the meanings of responses or quantitatively by studying the frequencies of responses.

Qualitative analysis methods

Qualitative analysis is used to understand words, ideas, and experiences. You can use it to interpret data that was collected:

• From open-ended surveys and interviews , literature reviews , case studies , ethnographies , and other sources that use text rather than numbers.
• Using non-probability sampling methods .

Qualitative analysis tends to be quite flexible and relies on the researcher’s judgement, so you have to reflect carefully on your choices and assumptions and be careful to avoid research bias .

Quantitative analysis methods

Quantitative analysis uses numbers and statistics to understand frequencies, averages and correlations (in descriptive studies) or cause-and-effect relationships (in experiments).

You can use quantitative analysis to interpret data that was collected either:

• During an experiment .
• Using probability sampling methods .

Because the data is collected and analyzed in a statistically valid way, the results of quantitative analysis can be easily standardized and shared among researchers.

If you want to know more about statistics , methodology , or research bias , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

• Chi square test of independence
• Statistical power
• Descriptive statistics
• Degrees of freedom
• Pearson correlation
• Null hypothesis
• Double-blind study
• Case-control study
• Research ethics
• Data collection
• Hypothesis testing
• Structured interviews

Research bias

• Hawthorne effect
• Unconscious bias
• Recall bias
• Halo effect
• Self-serving bias
• Information bias

Quantitative research deals with numbers and statistics, while qualitative research deals with words and meanings.

Quantitative methods allow you to systematically measure variables and test hypotheses . Qualitative methods allow you to explore concepts and experiences in more detail.

In mixed methods research , you use both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods to answer your research question .

A sample is a subset of individuals from a larger population . Sampling means selecting the group that you will actually collect data from in your research. For example, if you are researching the opinions of students in your university, you could survey a sample of 100 students.

In statistics, sampling allows you to test a hypothesis about the characteristics of a population.

The research methods you use depend on the type of data you need to answer your research question .

• If you want to measure something or test a hypothesis , use quantitative methods . If you want to explore ideas, thoughts and meanings, use qualitative methods .
• If you want to analyze a large amount of readily-available data, use secondary data. If you want data specific to your purposes with control over how it is generated, collect primary data.
• If you want to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables , use experimental methods. If you want to understand the characteristics of a research subject, use descriptive methods.

Methodology refers to the overarching strategy and rationale of your research project . It involves studying the methods used in your field and the theories or principles behind them, in order to develop an approach that matches your objectives.

Methods are the specific tools and procedures you use to collect and analyze data (for example, experiments, surveys , and statistical tests ).

In shorter scientific papers, where the aim is to report the findings of a specific study, you might simply describe what you did in a methods section .

In a longer or more complex research project, such as a thesis or dissertation , you will probably include a methodology section , where you explain your approach to answering the research questions and cite relevant sources to support your choice of methods.

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Educational resources and simple solutions for your research journey

What is Research? Definition, Types, Methods, and Examples

Academic research is a methodical way of exploring new ideas or understanding things we already know. It involves gathering and studying information to answer questions or test ideas and requires careful thinking and persistence to reach meaningful conclusions. Let’s try to understand what research is.   

Table of Contents

Why is research important?    

Whether it’s doing experiments, analyzing data, or studying old documents, research helps us learn more about the world. Without it, we rely on guesswork and hearsay, often leading to mistakes and misconceptions. By using systematic methods, research helps us see things clearly, free from biases. (1)   

What is the purpose of research?  

In the real world, academic research is also a key driver of innovation. It brings many benefits, such as creating valuable opportunities and fostering partnerships between academia and industry. By turning research into products and services, science makes meaningful improvements to people’s lives and boosts the economy. (2)(3)  

What are the characteristics of research?    

The research process collects accurate information systematically. Logic is used to analyze the collected data and find insights. Checking the collected data thoroughly ensures accuracy. Research also leads to new questions using existing data.   

Accuracy is key in research, which requires precise data collection and analysis. In scientific research, laboratories ensure accuracy by carefully calibrating instruments and controlling experiments. Every step is checked to maintain integrity, from instruments to final results. Accuracy gives reliable insights, which in turn help advance knowledge.   

Types of research    

The different forms of research serve distinct purposes in expanding knowledge and understanding:    

• Exploratory research ventures into uncharted territories, exploring new questions or problem areas without aiming for conclusive answers. For instance, a study may delve into unexplored market segments to better understand consumer behaviour patterns.   
• Descriptive research delves into current issues by collecting and analyzing data to describe the behaviour of a sample population. For instance, a survey may investigate millennials’ spending habits to gain insights into their purchasing behaviours.   
• Explanatory research, also known as causal research, seeks to understand the impact of specific changes in existing procedures. An example might be a study examining how changes in drug dosage over some time improve patients’ health.   
• Correlational research examines connections between two sets of data to uncover meaningful relationships. For instance, a study may analyze the relationship between advertising spending and sales revenue.   
• Theoretical research deepens existing knowledge without attempting to solve specific problems. For example, a study may explore theoretical frameworks to understand the underlying principles of human behaviour.   
• Applied research focuses on real-world issues and aims to provide practical solutions. An example could be a study investigating the effectiveness of a new teaching method in improving student performance in schools.  (4)

Types of research methods

• Qualitative Method: Qualitative research gathers non-numerical data through interactions with participants. Methods include one-to-one interviews, focus groups, ethnographic studies, text analysis, and case studies. For example, a researcher interviews cancer patients to understand how different treatments impact their lives emotionally.    
• Quantitative Method: Quantitative methods deal with numbers and measurable data to understand relationships between variables. They use systematic methods to investigate events and aim to explain or predict outcomes. For example, Researchers study how exercise affects heart health by measuring variables like heart rate and blood pressure in a large group before and after an exercise program. (5)  

Basic steps involved in the research process    

Here are the basic steps to help you understand the research process:   

• Choose your topic: Decide the specific subject or area that you want to study and investigate. This decision is the foundation of your research journey.   
• Find information: Look for information related to your research topic. You can search in journals, books, online, or ask experts for help.   
• Assess your sources: Make sure the information you find is reliable and trustworthy. Check the author’s credentials and the publication date.   
• Take notes: Write down important information from your sources that you can use in your research.   
• Write your paper: Use your notes to write your research paper. Broadly, start with an introduction, then write the body of your paper, and finish with a conclusion.   
• Cite your sources: Give credit to the sources you used by including citations in your paper.   
• Proofread: Check your paper thoroughly for any errors in spelling, grammar, or punctuation before you submit it. (6)

How to ensure research accuracy?  

Ensuring accuracy in research is a mix of several essential steps:    

• Clarify goals: Start by defining clear objectives for your research. Identify your research question, hypothesis, and variables of interest. This clarity will help guide your data collection and analysis methods, ensuring that your research stays focused and purposeful.   
• Use reliable data: Select trustworthy sources for your information, whether they are primary data collected by you or secondary data obtained from other sources. For example, if you’re studying climate change, use data from reputable scientific organizations with transparent methodologies.   
• Validate data: Validate your data to ensure it meets the standards of your research project. Check for errors, outliers, and inconsistencies at different stages, such as during data collection, entry, cleaning, or analysis.    
• Document processes: Documenting your data collection and analysis processes is essential for transparency and reproducibility. Record details such as data collection methods, cleaning procedures, and analysis techniques used. This documentation not only helps you keep track of your research but also enables others to understand and replicate your work.   
• Review results: Finally, review and verify your research findings to confirm their accuracy and reliability. Double-check your analyses, cross-reference your data, and seek feedback from peers or supervisors. (7) 

Research is crucial for better understanding our world and for social and economic growth. By following ethical guidelines and ensuring accuracy, researchers play a critical role in driving this progress, whether through exploring new topics or deepening existing knowledge.   

References:  

• Why is Research Important – Introductory Psychology – Washington State University  
• The Role Of Scientific Research In Driving Business Innovation – Forbes  
• Innovation – Royal Society  
• Types of Research – Definition & Methods – Bachelor Print  
• What Is Qualitative vs. Quantitative Study? – National University  
• Basic Steps in the Research Process – North Hennepin Community College  
• Best Practices for Ensuring Data Accuracy in Research – LinkedIn  

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• The Need for Humanitarian Research: Addressing Emerging Challenges in a Complex World

The landscape of humanitarian assistance is undergoing rapid transformation, driven by a complex interplay of evolving crises, diverse actors, and emerging global threats. Traditional approaches to humanitarian aid are proving inadequate in the face of increasingly multifaceted and protracted emergencies, ranging from armed conflicts to natural disasters exacerbated by climate change. In this context, the need for robust humanitarian research is more critical than ever. 

Research plays a vital role in providing a deeper understanding of the root causes of conflict, identifying future drivers of humanitarian aid, and developing evidence-based strategies that can be translated into meaningful operational changes. It is imperative for humanitarian researchers to examine the changing nature of humanitarian assistance, the complexity of humanitarian settings, and the necessity of data-driven approaches to navigate the profound challenges faced by the sector.

The Changing Nature of Humanitarian Assistance

Humanitarian assistance today is characterized by a shift from short-term emergency relief to more prolonged and multidimensional responses. Crises are increasingly marked by chronic, intersecting factors such as conflict, climate change, economic instability, and political stalemates. This evolving context requires a corresponding shift in how humanitarian interventions are conceptualized, designed, and implemented. Research is crucial in understanding these changes and guiding the development of adaptive strategies.

One significant change is the growing recognition of the importance of addressing the root causes of crises rather than merely responding to their symptoms. Humanitarian research is essential in uncovering these underlying factors, which often involve complex historical, socio-political, and economic dimensions. For example, understanding the drivers of conflict in a region such as the Sahel, where climate change, resource scarcity, and governance challenges intersect, can help aid organizations develop more effective interventions that address not only immediate needs but also long-term resilience.

Moreover, the humanitarian sector is witnessing an expansion in the range and diversity of actors involved in crisis response, from international organizations and governments to local NGOs, private sector entities, and affected communities themselves. This pluralistic landscape requires coordination and a shared understanding of needs and priorities, which can only be achieved through comprehensive research. By generating reliable data and insights, research facilitates evidence-based decision-making, helping to align efforts across different stakeholders and ensuring that aid is delivered where it is most needed.

The Complexity of Humanitarian Settings

Humanitarian settings today are marked by unprecedented complexity. Conflicts are more protracted and fragmented, with non-state actors playing increasingly prominent roles, complicating negotiations and access to affected populations. In many cases, humanitarian workers face constraints that severely limit their ability to operate safely and effectively, such as deliberate attacks, bureaucratic impediments, and restricted access imposed by governments or armed groups.

Additionally, many crises now occur in urban settings, where the dynamics of vulnerability and resilience differ significantly from those in rural areas. Urban humanitarianism involves unique challenges, including dense populations, diverse needs, complex social networks, and the potential for rapid disease transmission. Research is critical in navigating these complexities, as it provides the data necessary to understand the nuances of urban crises and to design interventions that are appropriate to the context.

The intersection of these challenges calls for a nuanced understanding that can only be achieved through dedicated research. For instance, understanding the motivations and capacities of non-state armed actors, the dynamics of local power structures, or the coping mechanisms of urban populations in crisis settings requires in-depth qualitative and quantitative research. Without such insights, humanitarian interventions risk being ineffective, inappropriate, or even harmful.

Understanding the Root Causes of Conflict

To address the massive humanitarian challenges effectively, there is an urgent need for research that goes beyond surface-level analysis and delves into the root causes of conflict. Conflicts are seldom caused by a single factor; rather, they result from a complex interplay of historical grievances, social inequalities, political marginalization, and economic deprivation. Understanding these root causes is critical for designing interventions that do not merely provide temporary relief but contribute to sustainable peace and development.

For example, in the context of protracted conflicts like those in Syria, Yemen, or the Democratic Republic of Congo, research can help identify the underlying drivers of violence and instability, such as resource competition, ethnic tensions, or exclusionary governance practices. By illuminating these factors, humanitarian research can inform strategies that address the systemic issues at the heart of these conflicts, promoting more durable solutions and reducing the likelihood of recurring violence.

Future Drivers of Humanitarian Aid

The future drivers of humanitarian aid are becoming increasingly evident, with the climate crisis, constrained access, and political stalemates emerging as key factors shaping the landscape. The climate crisis, in particular, represents a profound and growing challenge to the humanitarian sector. As extreme weather events become more frequent and severe, and as rising sea levels and changing weather patterns threaten livelihoods, displacement and humanitarian needs are expected to increase dramatically. Research is essential in understanding these trends, predicting their impacts, and developing strategies to mitigate and adapt to them.

Similarly, constrained access due to political dynamics, conflict, or government restrictions is a significant barrier to effective humanitarian action. Research is needed to explore innovative ways to reach populations in hard-to-access areas, whether through new technologies, such as remote sensing and digital platforms, or through negotiating strategies that build trust and foster cooperation with local actors.

Political stalemates, where humanitarian access and assistance are impeded by geopolitical interests and power struggles, also require a research-based approach. Understanding the political economy of conflict and the incentives and disincentives that drive different actors is crucial for navigating these complex environments and finding pathways for constructive engagement.

The Need for Evidence-Based Approaches

In a world of constrained resources and growing needs, the humanitarian sector must prioritize evidence-based approaches to maximize the impact of limited resources. Research provides the evidence base needed to inform strategic decisions, design effective interventions, and monitor and evaluate their outcomes. It allows humanitarian organizations to learn from past experiences, adapt to changing contexts, and ensure that their actions are guided by the best available knowledge.

For instance, research on the effectiveness of different aid modalities—such as cash transfers versus in-kind assistance—can help organizations choose the most appropriate and cost-effective methods for delivering aid. Similarly, studies on community engagement strategies can enhance efforts to build trust and cooperation with local populations, thereby improving the relevance and acceptance of humanitarian interventions.

Furthermore, research is essential for translating findings into operational changes and improvements. It is not enough to generate knowledge; there must be mechanisms for ensuring that research findings are effectively disseminated, understood, and acted upon by humanitarian practitioners. This requires a strong culture of learning and adaptation within humanitarian organizations, as well as partnerships between researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice.

The need for humanitarian research has never been more critical. As the nature of crises becomes more complex and interconnected, and as new challenges such as climate change, constrained access, and political stalemates emerge, the humanitarian sector must rely on robust, evidence-based approaches to navigate these challenges. Research provides the foundation for understanding the root causes of conflict, anticipating future drivers of humanitarian need, and designing effective interventions that can adapt to rapidly changing contexts. To meet the massive humanitarian challenges of our time, we must invest in research that not only generates knowledge but also translates it into meaningful operational changes that improve the lives of those most in need.

Michael VanRooyen, MD, MPH 

Director, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative 

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Research assistant.

Under the direction of the Principal Investigator, we are seeking a  Research Assistant  who will participate in qualitative data analysis of semi-structured interview transcripts. The Research Assistant will also help prepare reports of qualitative data for scientific presentations and publications.

Specific Duties & Responsibilities

• Conduct primary qualitative analysis of semi-structured interview transcripts.
• Use qualitative data analysis software.
• Prepare summaries of qualitative data for presentation and publication.
• Work collaboratively with other analysts/staff.
• Regular meetings with the Principal Investigator to review the study progress.
• Bachelor's Degree in related discipline.
• Additional related experience may substitute for required education, to the extent permitted by the JHU equivalency formula.
• A master’s Degree in public health, epidemiology, biostatistics, health economics, policy, or a closely related field and at least one year of experience with data analysis.

Classified Title: Research Assistant  Role/Level/Range: ACRO40/E/03/CD   Starting Salary Range: $17.20 - $30.30 HRLY ($20,000 targeted; Commensurate with experience)  Employee group: Casual / On Call  Schedule: 4-5hrs per week  Exempt Status: Non-Exempt  Location: Remote  Department name: SOM DOM Nephrology   Personnel area: School of Medicine 

Total Rewards The referenced base salary range represents the low and high end of Johns Hopkins University’s salary range for this position. Not all candidates will be eligible for the upper end of the salary range. Exact salary will ultimately depend on multiple factors, which may include the successful candidate's geographic location, skills, work experience, market conditions, education/training and other qualifications. Johns Hopkins offers a total rewards package that supports our employees' health, life, career and retirement. More information can be found here: https://hr.jhu.edu/benefits-worklife/ .

Education and Experience Equivalency Please refer to the job description above to see which forms of equivalency are permitted for this position. If permitted, equivalencies will follow these guidelines: JHU Equivalency Formula: 30 undergraduate degree credits (semester hours) or 18 graduate degree credits may substitute for one year of experience. Additional related experience may substitute for required education on the same basis. For jobs where equivalency is permitted, up to two years of non-related college course work may be applied towards the total minimum education/experience required for the respective job.

Applicants Completing Studies Applicants who do not meet the posted requirements but are completing their final academic semester/quarter will be considered eligible for employment and may be asked to provide additional information confirming their academic completion date.

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Accommodation Information If you are interested in applying for employment with The Johns Hopkins University and require special assistance or accommodation during any part of the pre-employment process, please contact the Talent Acquisition Office at [email protected] . For TTY users, call via Maryland Relay or dial 711. For more information about workplace accommodations or accessibility at Johns Hopkins University, please visit https://accessibility.jhu.edu/ .

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Research Vessel Resilience Charts Course to the Future of Marine Research

Dedication of the new hybrid-electric vessel was celebrated by laboratory, state, tribal and federal officials 

RV Resilience, the Department of Energy’s new hybrid electric marine research vessel. 

(Photo by Eric Francavilla | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)

SEQUIM, Wash.—Officials gathered at the Sequim campus of the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory today to dedicate DOE’s first hybrid-electric research vessel, RV Resilience.

The event marks the start of a new era of marine energy research at  PNNL-Sequim , part of DOE’s Office of Science national laboratory system and Resilience’s new home port. Speakers at the dedication included U.S. Sen. Maria Cantwell, U.S. Rep. Derek Kilmer, Washington State Rep. Steve Tharinger and representatives from DOE and PNNL.

“DOE is focused on clean energy solutions. The RV Resilience enables us to accelerate the development and deployment of novel marine energy technologies from testing at the bench scale to early demonstration under real ocean operating conditions,” said Geri Richmond, DOE’s undersecretary for science and innovation. “Demand for these technologies is likely to increase in the coming years, unlocking opportunities for ocean science and maritime industries equipped to explore new applications for marine energy research that will help power the blue economy.”

Richmond’s chief of staff, Ariel Marshall, spoke on her behalf at the dedication ceremony.

The 50-foot research vessel will allow researchers to transport and install large equipment in Sequim Bay, such as demonstration-scale marine energy devices. These devices will help accelerate marine energy testing and support new partnerships with industry developers. In addition to reducing carbon emissions, the hybrid-electric vessel is nearly silent when operated in fully electric mode. This minimizes noise pollution for marine wildlife and enables more sensitive acoustic measurements during research operations. 

“RV Resilience represents DOE’s and PNNL’s commitment to demonstrating how innovative approaches, like the design and construction of this unique hybrid vessel, can advance the nation’s quest for clean energy,” said Laboratory Director Steve Ashby.

The RV Resilience can operate on diesel engines or in a completely electric mode using onboard battery banks. These batteries can be charged with the diesel engines, at any marina or through a rapid charging station at the PNNL-Sequim dock.

The RV Resilience was made possible with support from DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and its Water Power Technologies Office. It will be managed and operated by researchers at PNNL-Sequim—a regional hub for marine energy research, development and testing—and enables research operations in nearby Sequim Bay. 

“We’re exploring the potential of marine energy by conducting world-leading coastal and oceanographic science and research,” said Alejandro Moreno, associate principal deputy assistant secretary for EERE. “This new hybrid research vessel enables that work with fewer emissions and less impact on the ocean’s wildlife."

The RV Resilience is the latest in a series of investments that will grow PNNL’s capabilities in marine technology research to continue advancing renewable energy, climate resilience and national security. These planned investments include a pre-permitted marine testing site, an underwater cabled array connecting at-sea devices to shore facilities and an onshore microgrid and battery storage system. 

Combined with the RV Resilience and a host of new onshore laboratory facilities, these capabilities will enable PNNL-Sequim to support DOE’s marine energy mission, including supporting the development of offshore wind and tidal energy, as well as marine carbon dioxide removal. 

RV Resilience was built by Snow & Company in Seattle, Wash.  To learn more about vessel specifications, visit PNNL’s website . 

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory draws on its distinguishing strengths in chemistry , Earth sciences , biology and data science to advance scientific knowledge and address challenges in sustainable energy and national security . Founded in 1965, PNNL is operated by Battelle for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, which is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States. DOE’s Office of Science is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, visit https://www.energy.gov/science/ . For more information on PNNL, visit PNNL's News Center . Follow us on Twitter , Facebook , LinkedIn and Instagram .

Published: September 5, 2024

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Wellesley team’s new research on anesthesia unlocks important clues about the nature of consciousness

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For decades, one of the most fundamental and vexing questions in neuroscience has been: what is the physical basis of consciousness in the brain? Most researchers favor classical models, based on classical physics, while a minority have argued that consciousness must be quantum in nature, and that its brain basis is a collective quantum vibration of “microtubule” proteins inside neurons.

New research by Wellesley College professor Mike Wiest and a group of Wellesley College undergraduate students has yielded important experimental results relevant to this debate, by examining how anesthesia affects the brain. Wiest and his research team found that when they gave rats a drug that binds to microtubules, it took the rats significantly longer to fall unconscious under an anesthetic gas. The research team’s microtubule-binding drug interfered with the anesthetic action, thus supporting the idea that the anesthetic acts on microtubules to cause unconsciousness.

“Since we don’t know of another (i.e,. classical) way that anesthetic binding to microtubules would generally reduce brain activity and cause unconsciousness,” Wiest says, “this finding supports the quantum model of consciousness.”

It’s hard to overstate the significance of the classical/quantum debate about consciousness, says Wiest, an associate professor of neuroscience at Wellesley. “When it becomes accepted that the mind is a quantum phenomenon, we will have entered a new era in our understanding of what we are,” he says. The new approach “would lead to improved understanding of how anesthesia works, and it would shape our thinking about a wide variety of related questions, such as whether coma patients or non-human animals are conscious, how mysterious drugs like lithium modulate conscious experience to stabilize mood, how diseases like Alzheimer’s or schizophrenia affect perception and memory, and so on.”

More broadly, a quantum understanding of consciousness “gives us a world picture in which we can be connected to the universe in a more natural and holistic way,” Wiest says. Wiest plans to pursue future research in this field, and hopes to explain and explore the quantum consciousness theory in a book for a general audience.

Wellesley students who co-authored the paper with Wiest are Sana Khan ’25, Yixiang Huang ’25, Derin Timucin ’27, Shantelle Bailey ’24, Sophia Lee ’23, Jessica Lopes ’26, Emeline Gaunce ’26, Jasmine Mosberger ’25, Michelle Zhan ’24, Bothina Abdelrahman ’26 and Xiran Zeng ’27. Published September 1 in eNeuro , the Wellesley study demonstrates that anesthesia works by binding to microtubules inside neurons, thus providing important evidence for a quantum theory of consciousness while reviving a focus on microtubules in anesthesia.

eNeuro is the Society for Neuroscience's open-access journal.

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New Report Highlights Economic Value of Neutron Science to U.S. Industry

• Research using neutron beams provides an economic return far larger than the cost of building and operating neutron facilities, according to an economic impact analysis.
• The study presented four case studies involving the impact of neutron research on different technologies, highlighting the value of neutron science to varied sectors of the economy.
• The study also highlighted how the lack of domestic capacity in neutron science has negatively impacted U.S. innovation and offered recommendations on how to strengthen U.S. programs in the field.

Federal facilities that offer neutron beams for U.S. industry play an outsized role in bringing new goods to market more quickly and cost-effectively, according to an analysis of neutron science’s economic impact.  

The study , conducted by the nonprofit research institute RTI International , focuses on quantifying the national economic benefits derived from investments in three neutron scattering facilities operated by the U.S. government: the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR), the   Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) High-Flux Isotope Reactor, and the ORNL Spallation Neutron Source. The study, funded through a cooperative agreement with NIST, also provides insights into ways of keeping the United States competitive moving forward in areas involving neutron research, including infrastructure needs.

Neutrons are subatomic particles that can penetrate materials more deeply than can X-rays and other probes of matter. Researchers can use neutron beams to discover new things about the properties of materials, making neutrons important in scientific research fields from materials science to the physical and life sciences . Neutrons often reveal what X-rays cannot; for example, they can more easily image and study light atoms such as hydrogen. Hydrogen is common in living things and organic matter, making neutrons invaluable for scientific research related to drug development . 

However, U.S. neutron scattering capacity has been declining since the 1990s. In 1985, the United States had five federal laboratories with neutron scattering capacity. Currently, only NIST and ORNL support neutron scattering instruments and offer large-scale “open user” programs, which allow interested parties from other institutions to conduct research using NIST’s and ORNL’s instruments.

RTI reports four different case studies of technologies influenced by research conducted at the three neutron facilities from 1998-2020. In addition to the case studies, RTI surveyed and interviewed 247 users of the facilities about their research results and analyzed the publications, patents and collaborative research networks formed at the facilities. 

Among the findings: 

• The facilities more than pay for themselves:  The combined benefits of the scientific research described in the four case studies would fully cover the construction and operating costs of NCNR and the two Oak Ridge facilities, even if only 6%-11% of the benefits were attributable to neutron scattering research. 
• A cost-benefit analysis of the case studies indicates a substantial economic return as well: Assuming neutron scattering accelerated the development of the selected case studies’ technologies by just two years — a conservative estimate, according to expert testimony RTI obtained — the estimated rate of return is 2.67. In other words, for every dollar invested in the facilities, they returned $2.67 to the U.S. economy. And this was just four of the dozens of technologies and products that neutron research has influenced. 
• The report suggests that the findings represent a small portion of total innovation influenced by neutron scattering infrastructure. RTI identified more than 22,000 scientific publications and 1,565 patents resulting from research conducted at federal neutron facilities between 1960 and 2020. 

RTI further identified at least 372 U.S.-based companies that are known to have used at least one of the U.S. federal neutron sources. These include enterprises of large to small scale across nearly every industry in the United States.

Despite these benefits, most facility users RTI surveyed indicated that they had difficulty performing their research due to inadequate domestic capacity for neutron measurement science. A survey of 247 facility users identified that 77% of these respondents experienced issues due to insufficient capacity in the five years before facility shutdowns in 2020. Of the survey sample, 19% took research they could not complete in the United States to an international facility. 

RTI offered recommendations for strengthening the U.S. neutron scattering system, including forming a federal leadership task force to create a decade-long plan for U.S. neutron scattering facilities, maintaining adequate funding for the three facilities that exist, and constructing new facilities to augment their capacity. 

Report: A.C. Walsh, S. Nienow, J.M.S. Merker, E.C. Decker, C.N Strack, M.E. Salem, G. Martin and B. Shaw.  Assessment of the retrospective and prospective economic impacts of investments in U.S. neutron research sources and facilities from 1960 to 2030: Final report . RTI International. Published May 2024.