2. Official ball was designated as 26 inches in circumference and was to weigh between 7 and 9 ounces.
3. Number of players on a side was established at six.
4. Teams required to rotate prior to serving.
From 1970 to the present, Volleyball became big business. Many of the rules from 1970 to the present differed between Federation (High School), National Association of Girls and Women in Sports, which has now been replaced by the NCAA, USA Volleyball and other amateur and professional associations. Each Association rulebook needs to be studied.
[/spb_text_block] [/spb_accordion_tab] [spb_accordion_tab title=”THE VOLLEYBALL TIMELINE” accordion_id=”” icon=””] [spb_text_block pb_margin_bottom=”no” pb_border_bottom=”no” width=”1/1″ el_position=”first last”]
1896 After a demonstration given at the YMCA in Springfield the name “Mintonette” is replaced with “Volleyball”
1900 The rules as modified by W.E. Day are accepted and published by the YMCA. Match length is set at 21 points. The height of the net is increased to 7-feet-6. Canada is the first “foreign” country to adopt Volleyball. A special ball was designed for the sport . The Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) spread volleyball to Canada, Asia, and the Southern Hemisphere.
1906 Cuba discovers “6 Volleyball” in 1906, thanks to a North American army officer, Agusto York, who takes part in the second military intervention on the Caribbean island.
1907 Volleyball was presented at the Playground of America convention as one of the most popular sports
1908 Volleyball reaches Japan. It is Hyozo Omori, a Springfield College graduate in the United States, who first demonstrates the rules of the new game on the YMCA courts in Tokyo
1909 YMCA spread volleyball to Puerto Rico
1910 Volleyball officially lands in China, thanks to Max Exner and Howard Crokner. Up until 1917, play is between 16-man teams and goes to 21 points
The Philippines, too, got to know the new game. It is imported by Manila YMCA director Elwood Brown. In a very short space of time, there are 5,000 public and private courts In the USA, decisive impetus is given to the game by Prevost Idell, YMCA director in Germantown
1912 YMCA spread volleyball to Uruguay The court size is changed, becoming 35×60 feet. A uniform size and weight of the ball is established, calling for a circumference of 26 inches and a weight of between 7 and 9 ounces. Two other important innovations: the number of players on each team is set at six and it is decided to rotate players before service
1913 Volleyball competition held in Far Eastern Games Volleyball is put on the programme for the first Far Eastern Games held in Manila. Teams are made up of 16 players. George Fisher, secretary of the YMCA War Office, includes Volleyball in the recreation and education programme for the American armed forces.
1915 The number of players on court again becomes variable, anything from 2 to 6 for each team. Official game time is introduced and it is decided that the team losing a game has the right to begin serving in the next game In Europe, Volleyball arrives on the French beaches of Normandy and Brittany with American soldiers fighting in the First World War. Its popularity grows rapidly, but the game takes root especially in Eastern countries, where the cold climate makes gym sports particularly attractive The opening days of World War I brings Volleyball to Africa. The first country to learn the rules is Egypt
1916 An offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another player, the set and spike, were introduced in the Philippines. The Filipinos developed the “bomba” or kill, and called the hitter a “bomberino” Many new rules are established. The score for a “game” drops from 21 to 15, and it is determined that to win a match a team has to win two out of three “games.” The ball can now be hit with a player’s feet. Net height rises to 8 feet, while ball weight climbs from 8 to 10 ounces. It is decided that holding on to the ball is a foul and that a player cannot have contact with the ball a second time until after it has been played by another athlete Volleyball becomes a part of the program of the NCAA, the body that oversees college and university sports in the USA The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) was invited by the YMCA to aid in editing the rules and in promoting the sport. Volleyball was added to school and college physical education and intramural programs . .
1917 The game was changed from 21 to 15 points YMCA spread volleyball to Brazil At the Allied Forces air base in Porto Corsini, where Ravenna’s sports palace is now located, American airmen introduce the virus of Volleyball into Italy
1918 The number of players per team is set at six. In Japan, the first High School Championship is played
1919 American Expeditionary Forces distributed 16,000 volleyballs to it’s troops and allies. This provided a stimulus for the growth of volleyball in foreign lands During the First World War, Dr. George J. Fisher, as Secretary of the YMCA War Work Office, makes Volleyball a part of the programme in military training camps, both in the USA and abroad, in the athletic handbooks written for those responsible for sport and recreation in the Army and Marines. Thousands of balls and nets are sent overseas to the U.S. troops and also presented to the Allied Army’s sports directors. More than 16,000 volleyballs are distributed in 1919 to the American Expeditionary Corps Forces only. The Inter-Allied Games are organized in Paris (but Volleyball is not included since the game is not yet known sufficiently well known in the 18 participating Allied countries to allow for a balanced competition) In China, the rules are modified. Play becomes 12 against 12, with matches going to 15 points
1920 Institution of three hits per side and back row attack rules Court size goes down to 30×60 feet, and the ball is allowed to be played by any part of the body above the waist. A major innovation involves the rule allowing a team to play a ball no more than three times before sending it over the net The Philippines develop the first kind of spike. It is known as the “Filipino bomb” and it is a pretty lethal weapon The first spontaneous attempts at blocking make their appearance, although they are not yet codified by the rules Volleyball makes its first official appearance in Russia in the cities of the Volga, Gorky and Kazan, and at the same time in Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
1922 The first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. 27 teams from 11 states were represented. Players in the back line are not permitted to spike. The “double hit” fault is added to the rules. Scoring rules are also changed, providing that, with the score at 14-14, two consecutive points are needed to win The maximum number of consecutive ball contacts per team is set at three. The first National Federation is founded in Czechoslovakia, quickly followed by Bulgaria. The first National Championship is played in the USA, in which only YMCA teams compete Volleyball gains in popularity in Italy too, thanks to Guido Graziani, a Springfield YMCA graduate
1923 A team is to be made up of 6 players on court and 12 official substitutes, and each player has to have a numbered jersey. The team securing the right to serve has to rotate clockwise. The serve is to be made by the player placed on the right on the back line. If a player touches the adversary’s court during play it is a foul. Minimum ceiling height is set at 15 feet The official birth date of Volleyball in Russia is set at 28 July, 1923, the day a match between men’s team High Art and Theatre Workshop (Vhutemas) and State Cinema Technical School (GTK) is played in Moscow
1924 The Olympic Games programme in Paris includes a demonstration of “American” sports, with Volleyball among them
1925 Two time-outs per game for each team becomes the rule. There is also a change in the scoring rules for the most hotly contested sets: at 14-14 to win it is no longer necessary to score two consecutive points, but rather to have a two-point advantage. Once again the ball weight is modified, from 9 to 10 ounces Volleyball is played for the first time in the Netherlands. After a stay at the Seminary of Techny in Illinois, U.S., Father S. Buis introduces the sport to the Sint Willibrod mission house in Uden and has a few courts set up there
1926 A team reduced to less than 6 players forfeits the match
1927 The Japanese Federation is born and nine men’s competitions are organised In Russia, there is a “political” reaction by the Communist Party against the YMCA as a “capitalistic, bourgeois, and religious” organization, and it is obliged to leave the country. But Volleyball is there to stay China adopts the nine-player-per-team system, the same used in Japan 1928 It became clear that tournaments and rules were needed; the United States Volleyball Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first US Open was staged, as the field was open to non-YMCA squads
1929 Cuba organizes the first men’s tournament according to “American” rules at the Caribbean and Central American Games. Between the two World Wars, great efforts are made to give unity to the Volleyball movement by establishing a single set of rules and creating an international federation. These are just initial efforts, with nothing concrete being set 1930s Recreational sports programs became an important part of American life
1930 The first two-man beach game was played
1932 Time-outs are limited to one minute. To make a play, an athlete can step off his own court; but he cannot change position in the starting line-up
1933 The first USSR National Championship is held, where there are already over 400,000 players. For Soviet Volleyball, it is the year of enshrinement. In January, a challenge between Moscow and Dnepropetrovsk is played on no less important a stage than that of the Bolshoi Theatre A book entitled Volleyball: Man’s Game by Robert E. Laveaga, published by A S Barnes & Co of New York, makes an important impact on teaching methods and scientific training techniques. Volleyball for Women by Katherine M. Montgomery is also very useful for teaching the game
1934 National volleyball referee approval and recognition The first concrete steps to establish international relations in Volleyball are taken during the International Handball Federation Congress in Stockholm
1935 Crosses are to be marked on the floor to determine player position. Touching the net is to be considered a foul. An important rule involves spikers: it is forbidden to step off the court as long as the ball is in play on the spiker’s side (it had been customary for spikers waiting for a set to take a running start from way off and then leap from one foot). In Tashkent and Moscow, the USSR plays the first official international matches against Afghanistan
1937 Action was taken at the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) convention in Boston to recognize the USVBA as the official national governing body in the US Multiple ball contacts were permitted in defence against particularly violent spikes
1938 The Czechs perfect blocking which is officially introduced into the rules under the concept of “a counteraction at the net by one or two adjacent players.” For almost 20 years before, blocking had been a part of the game but was not spelled out in the rules. The Czechs are the first (soon followed by the Russians) to attribute decisive importance to the new skill, which facilitates the ungrateful task of volleying defences
1939 How to push for homogeneous rules throughout the world? The Annual USVBA Reference Guide and the Official Rules of the Game of Volleyball gave useful information on the game and provided a forum where experiences and ideas emanating from different sources could be exchanged. During the War, thousands of these guides were used throughout the world
1940 William G. Morgan, the creator of Volleyball, dies at the age of 68. A man of high moral standards, Morgan suffered no pangs of jealousy and continued to follow with enthusiasm the progress of his game, convinced that real Volleyball, for real athletes, would be a success 1940s Forearm pass introduced to the game as a desperation play. Most balls played with overhand pass
1941 In several countries, including Italy, experiments are made with a system of timed play. Two 20-minute sets are played (with supplementary time in case of a tie). But after various and prolonged trials, the experiments are abandoned, but taken up again in the United States at the close of the Second World War. Another innovation is time-limit Volleyball, whereby a game lasts eight minutes of actual play. To win, a team has to have either a two-point advantage at the end of the eight minutes or be the first to score 15 points. But even there, the idea finds little acceptance
1942 The ball can be played by any part of the body from the knees up Everywhere from the South Pacific to the Finnish front, Volleyball draws crowds among troops engaged in the Second World War, even aboard aircraft carriers. Volleyball is recommended by Chiefs of Staff for training the troops, believing it keeps them in condition, strengthens their morale, and teaches them how to stay together as a group – something essential at this point of the War
1943 During the summer, Mr. Friermood joins the management of the United States YMCA and quickly becomes Secretary/Treasurer of the USVBA and works closely with Dr. Fisher, its President. Through international YMCA contacts in more than 80 countries and also military personnel around the world, communications are established and begin to produce information on the interpretation and development of Volleyball and those who are managing it. Correspondence with the Polish managers during the War draws attention to the post-war endeavours to establish an international Volleyball organization
1945 First postage stamp on a Volleyball subject is issued in Romania
1946 A study of recreation in the United States showed that volleyball ranked fifth among team sports being promoted and organized In January, the Spartak Prague team goes to play in Poland, signaling a resumption of contacts after the War years aimed at creating an international Volleyball organization. On the occasion of a friendly match between the Czech and French national teams on August 26, a meeting is held in Prague between representatives of the federations of Czechoslovakia, France, and Poland. The meeting produces the first official document of the future FIVB, with the creation of a commission for the organization of the International Federation, the promotion of a constituent congress, and the decision to launch a European or World Championship at an early date
1947 The Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded in Paris Only front-line players are allowed to exchange positions for a two-player block and spike. Egypt is the first Arab and African country to organize Volleyball activities and establish a National Federation From April 18 to 20 in Paris, 14 federations found the FIVB, with the headquarters in Paris. Frenchman Paul Libaud is the first President American and European rules of the game are harmonized. The court is to measure 9 x 18 metres; and net height is to be 2.43 metres for men and 2.24 for women Only in Asia, the rules are different: the court has to measure 21.35 x 10.67 metres, and the net has to be 2.28 high for men and 2.13 for women; there is no rotation of players and on court there are nine athletes arranged in three lines
1948 The first two-man beach tournament was held – The European Championship – in Rome and won by Czechoslovakia. After the War, the rules are rewritten and clarified to make interpretation easier. In particular, a better definition is given to the idea of blocking, and service is limited to the right third of the back court boundary. It is also made clear that each player has to be in his right place during service; points scored by the wrong server are to be nullified; simultaneous contacts by two players are to be considered one; time-outs are to last one minute, while time-out due to injury can last five minutes; and rest time between one game and another is set at three minutes.
1949 The first World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia The first Men’s World Championship is held in Prague and won by the USSR. This is also the first time a setter can penetrate from the back line, leading to a three-player attack. USVBA added a collegiate division, for competitive college teams. For the first ten years, collegiate competition was sparse. Teams formed only through the efforts of interested students and instructors. Many teams dissolved when the interested individuals left the college. Competitive teams were scattered, with no collegiate governing bodies providing leadership in the sport
1951 Volleyball now played by over 50 million people in over 60 countries At its third Congress, the FIVB decides that a player’s hands can “invade” at the net during blocking but only in the final phases of spiking. Furthermore, a back-line player can spike, providing that he remains in his zone and does not move up to the front line China begins to participate in international tournaments
1952 The first Women’s World Championship was held in Moscow and won by the USSR
1953 At its fourth Congress, the FIVB defines referee action and terminology. The Chinese Federation is born
1954 The Asian Confederation is founded in Manila
1955 Pan American Games included volleyball. At the FIVB Congress in Florence, the Japanese Federation adopts the international rules and commits itself to gradually introducing them in Asia. The 1st Asian Championship is played in Tokyo; both 6- and 9-player tournaments are scheduled. Volleyball is put on the program for the Pan American Games
1956 First issue of the official FIVB bulletin is published. The first truly globe-spanning World Championship is held in Paris, France (with 24 men’s teams from four continents). Czechoslovakia Men and USSR Women win the coveted titles
1957 The International Olympic Committee (IOC) designated volleyball as an Olympic team sport, to be included in the 1964 Olympic Games. Consideration is given to the introduction of a second referee; duration of time-outs is limited to one minute, 30 seconds. During the 53rd IOC session in Sofia, Bulgaria, from September 22 to 26, a demonstration tournament is played for the IOC members who then decide to include Volleyball on the programme for the Games celebrating the XVII Olympiad in Tokyo, 1964
1958 Once again it is the Czechs who introduce a new defensive hit – the bagger – which amazes spectators at the European Championship in Prague
1959 International University Sports Federation (FISU) held the first University Games in Turin, Italy. Volleyball was one of the eight competitions held. At the FIVB Congress in Budapest it is decided to forbid “screening” on the serve and to limit “invasion” at the net onto the opponent’s court to the whole foot.
1960s New techniques added to the game included – the soft spike (dink), forearm pass (bump), blocking across the net, and defensive diving and rolling
The United States Junior Olympic Volleyball (USJOV) program was established
1960 For the first time, a World Championship (Men’s) is played outside of Europe, in Brazil. USSR claims victory, as it also does in the women’s event. Seven mid-western institutions formed the Midwest Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (MIVA)
1961 The idea of Mini Volleyball is born in East Germany
1962 The World Championships are played in Moscow. The USSR Men confirm their status as the best, while it is a first victory for the Japanese Women’s team
1963 The European Confederation is founded on October 21
1964 Southern California Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (SCVIA) was formed in California
New rules on blocking: airborne invasion during blocking is prohibited, while blockers are permitted a second hit. The first Olympic Volleyball tournaments are played in Tokyo during the Olympic Games from October 13 to 23, with 10 men’s teams and 6 women’s teams. The gold medal for the men goes to the USSR, and the women to Japan. Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo. (The Japanese volleyball used in the 1964 Olympics, consisted of a rubber carcass with leather paneling. A similarly constructed ball is used in most modern competition.)
1965 The California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed. The first men’s World Cup is played in Poland and won by the USSR
1966 The first scientific symposium is held in Prague on the occasion of the men’s World Championship, won by Czechoslovakia
1967 The first African Continental Championship is played, and the African Zone Commission is founded. The Women’s World Championship, scheduled a year after the men’s, is played in Tokyo and won once again by Japan
1968 National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) made volleyball their fifteenth competitive sport. The use of antennas to limit the court air space and facilitate the referee’s decision on ball crossing outside the side line is recommended to the Congress in Mexico. The USSR take home two Olympic gold medals.
1969 The Executive Committee of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) proposed addition of volleyball to its program. A Coaches Commission is established. The FIVB recognizes its fifth Continental Sport Zone Commission when NORCECA is born in Mexico, July 26, with the merging of USA, Canada and other countries joining to form the North Central American and Caribbean Confederation (NORCECA). The first NORCECA Championships take place in Mexico. In Berlin, East Germany wins the second edition of the men’s World Cup
1970 The World Championships are held in Bulgaria. Victorious are the East German men and the USSR women
1971 The first FIVB coaching courses are held in Japan and Egypt. The FIVB Medical Commission is established. The sub-commission for Mini Volleyball of the FIVB Coaches’ Commission is established
1972 The five Sports Zone Commissions (Africa, Asia, Europe, Norceca, and South America) become Continental Confederations. The Japanese Men’s team win the Munich Olympics with playmakers Nekoda and Matsudaira. Systematic use of its fast game clinches for the first time the gold medal for an Asian Country. The Women’s tournament is won by the USSR. The official rules of Mini Volleyball are established. The first South American Junior Championships are held in Rio
1973 The first Women’s World Cup is played in Uruguay and won by the USSR
1974 The World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan. At the FIVB Congress in Mexico City it is decided to make two changes to be put into force after 1976: lateral antennas are to be moved to the courtside boundaries and three ball contacts are to be permitted after blocking. During the World Championship, Polish athlete Wojtowicz amazes everybody by spiking from the back line. In Mexico City, Poland wins the Men’s gold; while, in Guadalajara, Japan holds on to the Women’s title The first Junior National Championship was conducted at the Catonsville Community College in Catonsville, MD
1975 The US National Women’s team began a year-round training regime in Pasadena, Texas (moved to Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, CA in 1980, and San Diego, CA in 1985) The first Mini Volleyball Symposium is held in Sweden, with 19 nations participating. The first Asian Championships are held in Australia
1976 At the Montreal Olympic Games, Poland confirms its leadership among the Men’s teams and Japan among the Women’s. After blocking, not two but three ball contacts are permitted; the distance between the antennas is shortened from 9.40 metres to 9 metres
1977 The US National Men’s team began a year-round training regime in Dayton, Ohio (moved to San Diego, CA in 1981) The first Junior World Championships are held in Brazil. The Winners are the USSR Men and South Korea Women. Kuwait organizes the first Arabian Championship. The World Cup is granted to Japan on a permanent basis for both men and women. Triumphing in Tokyo are the Soviet Men and the Japanese Women
1978 The Men’s World Championship is held in Rome, with the USSR winning ahead of Italy. The women play in Leningrad and it is a surprise first world title for Cuba, placing ahead of Japan and USSR
1980 At the Moscow Olympic Games, it was a dual victory for the USSR. 17th FIVB Congress: the rules of the game were adopted in three languages: French, English and Spanish 1981 World Cup in Tokyo: the USSR win for the men and China for the women 1982 Ball pressure is increased from 0.40 to 0.46 kg/cm2. The Women’s World Championship is held in Peru where, for the first time, China takes the title after an outstanding and spectacular performance. The Men’s World Championship (in Argentina) is won by the USSR 1983 The Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed On July 19, the Brazil vs. USSR challenge at Rio de Janeiro’s Maracaná stadium attracts nearly 100,000 spectators. 1984 The US won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The Men won the Gold, and the Women the Silver . The 19th Congress of the FIVB is held in Long Beach, California; and, after 37 years at the helm, the founding French President Paul Libaud steps down and becomes Honorary President. A Mexican lawyer, Dr. Rubén Acosta H., is elected as the new President. The USA win the Men’s Olympic gold and the Chinese Women’s team also claim gold. At the Los Angeles Olympic Games, the Brazilians (silver medallists) attract attention with their ability to make jumping serves. The idea is not new (Argentina had already tried it at the 1982 World Championship), but no one has ever seen it used so effectively before. After Los Angeles, it is no longer possible to block a serve, and referees became more permissive in evaluating defence. The first International Volleyball Cinema Festival is held in Perugia. December 15: FIVB moves its quarters to a temporary office in Lausanne while preparing its permanent headquarters in this city 1985 May 28: for the first time, a Volleyball representative (FIVB President Dr. Acosta) is named for an IOC Commission – the prestigious Olympic Movement Commission. World Cup in Tokyo: Victory goes to the USA Men, while China confirms its dominance among the women. December 28-31: the first Women’s World Gala is played in China, (two matches in Beijing and Shanghai). A world All-Star line-up challenges the Olympic Champion China, which wins both matches and the Hitachi Cup
1986 The Women’s Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed. In Paris, USA win the Men’s World Championships. China claim the women’s gold medal in Prague. Beach Volleyball receives official status by the FIVB.
1987 The FIVB added a Beach Volleyball World Championship Series. From February 17-22, the first Beach Volleyball World Championship is played in Ipanema, Brazil.
1988 The US Men repeated the Gold in the Olympics in Korea. On May 6, the FIVB inaugurates its new headquarters in Lausanne. The Olympic Games in Seoul sees the number of teams for the men’s tournament rise from 10 to 12. The USA win the men’s gold medal; the USSR take the women’s after a dramatic final match against Peru. The World Congress approves the turning of the fifth set into a tiebreak rally-point system in which each serve is worth a point. Final scoring per set is limited to 17 points with one point difference. The first edition of the FIVB Super Four is held in Japan, a bi-yearly competition between the three medallists from the Olympic Games (or the World Championships). In the first Super Four, the Soviet Men and Chinese Women re-affirm their superiority.
1989 The FIVB Sports Aid Program was created. The year brings the first edition of the Beach Volleyball World Series (a world circuit) and the second World Gala in Singapore (men’s and women’s All Stars against the Olympic champions). World Cup in Japan: Cuba Men and Women do the double. men, Italy places second in the men’s tournament. From December 6 to 10, the first World Championship for Clubs is played in Parma and won by home team Maxicono.
1990 The first edition of the men’s World League gets underway, a revolutionary idea for a team sport, with US$1 million prize money, professional organization and wide TV broadcasting in a multi-location competition reaching all corners of the world. The playing formula for the World Championship is changed. After the qualification phase, play proceeds by direct elimination matches right up to the finals for first to eighth place. Italy wins the first US$1 million World League in Tokyo, Japan, before a crowd of 10,000 spectators. Italy upset Brazil in Rio de Janeiro and becomes the first Western European country to win the Men’s Volleyball World Championship. USSR win the women’s world title against China in Beijing
1991 The first edition of the Women’s World Championship for Clubs is played in Brazil. Winner is Sadia Sao Paulo. Italy wins the second consecutive World League with US$2 million prize money for the teams. The final is in Milan in front of 12,000 spectators against Cuba
1992 The Four Person Pro Beach League was started in the United States. Barcelona applauds the first Olympic victory by the Brazil Men and Cuba Women. After Barcelona, the tiebreak is modified. At 16-16, play continues until one team has a two-point advantage. The World League increases Prize Money to US$3 million and for the third time Italy win, in front of 9,000 spectators in Genoa against the Netherlands. Brazil triumphs in the men’s Super Four and Cuba in the women’s
1993 The first edition of the World Grand Prix with US$1 million in Prize Money, the women’s version of the World League, is played entirely in Asia and the Final is won by Cuba against China. The World League final is held in São Paulo and Brazil win the title. During the 101st IOC session in Monte Carlo on September 18, Beach Volleyball is admitted as a gold medal discipline to the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta. Debut of another major event: the Grand Champions Cup is to be played every four years in Japan, alternating on odd years with the World Cup; participants will be the continental champions. First gold medal winners are Italy Men and Cuba Women
1994 The fifth edition of the World League offers record Prize Money of $6 million. Italy win for the fourth time, beating Cuba in the Final. The World Congress in Athens approves new rules to go into force officially on January 1, 1995: The possibility of contacting the ball with any part of the body, including the feet; the service zone extended to the whole 9-meter back line; elimination of the “double hit” fault on the first touch of a ball coming from the opponent’s court; and the permission to touch the net accidentally when the player in question is not trying to play the ball. The Italians win the Men’s World Championship for the second time in a row, equalling a previous USSR award. At the Women’s World Championship in Brazil, 26,000 spectators in Belo Horizonte attend the matches, setting a new record for women’s event. Later on in São Paulo, 12,000 spectators watch Cuba win its second world title, this time in a Final against Brazil
1995 The sport of Volleyball turns 100 years old! . The anniversary is observed throughout the world with awards ceremonies, tournaments, and special stamp issues and postmarks. The FIVB celebrates the event by bringing together “100 years of Volleyball in 100 days” in a special calendar of events and publishes a magnificent book, “100 Years of Global Link”. The World League is again won by the Italians. In the World Grand Prix, a surprise victory goes to the United States. Italy win the Men’s World Cup for the first time and Cuba the women’s event for the third time in a row. In the World Gala, the Italian Men beat the All Stars and receive the Centennial Cup from IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch.
1996 The Atlanta Olympic Games makes Beach Volleyball the latest Olympic Medal Sport. A newly built 8,000-seat stadium in the historic area of Clayton County struggles to accommodate the enthusiastic crowds. Volleyball competitions have two ad hoc facilities; the Atlanta convention centre and the Georgia University Hall in Athens. Netherlands and Italy show Volleyball at its best and, after five strenuous sets, the team led by the Van de Goor brothers gives Netherlands their first gold medal in Volleyball history
1998 The Men and Women’s World Championships for the first time go to Japan, and the best Championships in Volleyball history take place. After matches in 14 cities watched by over 500,000 spectators, and the highest TV ratings in Japan since the 1964 Japanese Olympics gold for women, the Italians, led by Giani and Gardini, make history with their third consecutive crown, defeating Yugoslavia. Cuba Women, led by Regla Torres, set the same record of three crowns for women, defeating Russia. The Congress makes a historic change in the rules, adopting the “Rally Point System” of 25 points for each of the first four sets and a 15-point fifth tiebreak set for a two-year testing period. Other changes immediately adopted are the colour ball, Libero player and allowance of interactive coaches
2000 Olympics held in Sydney, Australia. Points were now at stake for every rally and a “libero” player was added. The “libero” is free to substitute in back row defense at almost every turn. The Italians win their eighth World League pennant in 12 editions defeating Russia. Cuba Women defeat Russia once more, 3-2, and win their third consecutive Olympic gold, setting an all-time record. Following the phenomenal success of Beach Volleyball during the Sydney Olympics, the IOC Executive Committee declares Beach Volleyball an official part of the Olympic programme. Karch Kiraly of the USA and Regla Torres of Cuba are crowned as the 20th Century Best Volleyball Players. Italy Men (1990-98) and Japan Women (1960-1965) are declared the 20th Century Best Volleyball Teams. The 20th Century Best Volleyball Coaches titles are awarded to Yasutaka Matsudaira, Japan Men (1964-1974), and Eugenio George, Cuba Women (1990-2000)
2001 Beach Volleyball is confirmed as a full Olympic program sport
2002 The FIVB World Congress in Buenos Aires adopts a Code of Conduct and rules against conflicts of interest and introduces height limit competitions (185 cm for men, 175 cm for women). Italy win the FIVB Women’s World Championship for the first time in Berlin
2003 Brazil Men win all 11 games in Japan to claim the FIVB World Cup for the first time. China Women do likewise to win their first World Cup title
2004 Olympics will be held in Athens, Greece China’s Women win the Olympic Volleyball title in Athens for the second time following their victory 20 years earlier in Los Angeles. Brazil’s Men also win for the second time, their first Olympic title being claimed in 1992.. China’s Women win the Olympic Volleyball title in Athens for the second time following their victory 20 years earlier in Los Angeles. Brazil’s Men also win for the second time, their first Olympic title being claimed in 1992
2006 Dr. Rubén Acosta is unanimously reelected as President of the FIVB by delegates representing 196 of the FIVB’s 219 National Federations at the 30th FIVB World Congress in Tokyo, Japan. The Brazilian Men defend their World Championship crown by beating Poland in the final in Tokyo. Russia’s Women win their sixth World Championship and their first since 1990. s
2007 Brazil’s Men defend their FIVB World Cup title in Japan, while the Italian Women win their first World Cup title. Brazil claim the World League for the fifth straight year and sixth time overall. They pick up a winner’s cheque for US$1 million. Brazil claims the World League for the fifth straight year and sixth time overall. They pick up a winner’s cheque for US$1 million. The Netherlands win the World Grand Prix in Ningbo, China, their first trophy in major FIVB competition. The Europeans become the sixth team to win the renowned annual women’s title and snap Brazil’s run of three straight triumph. The Netherlands win the World Grand Prix in Ningbo, China, their first trophy in major FIVB competition. The Europeans become the sixth team to win the renowned annual women’s title and snap Brazil’s run of three straight triumphs
2008 The FIVB opens it new premises of “Château Les Tourelles” in May, a gorgeous building by Lake Geneva in Lausanne, Switzerland. The 31st FIVB World Congress takes place in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, in June. USA Men win the World League before crowning a magnificent year with Olympic gold in Beijing. The Brazilian Women do the double as well: Olympic gold following first place in the World Grand Prix. Dr. Rubén Acosta makes official his announced retirement from the Presidency of the FIVB at the end of the World Congress. It is agreed that Mr. Jizhong Wei of China, FIVB First Executive Vice President, is to take over the leadership of the organization as President, unanimously elected until the next elections in 2012, according to the Congress decision to follow again in four years’ time the Olympiad cycle
Volleyball essay topics and outline examples, essay title 1: "the evolution of volleyball: from beach to olympics".
Thesis Statement: Volleyball has come a long way from its humble beginnings on the beaches of California to becoming a globally recognized Olympic sport.
Thesis Statement: Competitive volleyball requires a unique combination of physical prowess and mental agility, making it a challenging but rewarding sport.
Thesis Statement: Playing volleyball not only enhances physical fitness but also fosters personal growth, teaching valuable life skills such as teamwork, leadership, and perseverance.
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Volleyball, known as a dynamic team sport, is played on a rectangular court that can be found indoors or outdoors, specifically on sand courts. The essence of the game lies in the interaction between two teams, each comprised of six players, all aiming to accumulate points by skillfully striking the ball over a net and successfully landing it on the opponent's side of the court.
In 1895, William G. Morgan, a physical education director at the YMCA in Holyoke, Massachusetts, USA, was credited with the invention of volleyball. Morgan aimed to invent a new game that combined elements of basketball, tennis, handball, and baseball, creating a less physically demanding alternative. Originally called "Mintonette," the game's name was later changed to volleyball due to the nature of the sport. The first official game of volleyball was played on July 7, 1896, at the YMCA in Springfield, Massachusetts. The sport quickly gained popularity and spread internationally. It was included in the program of the Summer Olympics for the first time in 1964. The Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) was established in 1947 as the governing body for international volleyball competitions. Over the years, volleyball has undergone various rule changes and modifications, evolving into a fast-paced and dynamic sport. It is now played on both indoor and beach courts, with different variations such as six-player indoor volleyball and two-player beach volleyball.
In the United States, volleyball gained popularity in the early 20th century and has since grown into one of the most popular team sports. The sport is governed by USA Volleyball, the national governing body responsible for organizing national teams, tournaments, and development programs. Collegiate volleyball is particularly popular in the US, with both men's and women's teams competing at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) level. The NCAA volleyball championships are highly anticipated events, attracting a large audience and showcasing the talent and skill of collegiate players. Beach volleyball has also gained significant traction in the US, with professional leagues and tournaments drawing large crowds and television viewership. The Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) hosts professional beach volleyball events across the country, featuring top players from around the world. The US has produced many successful volleyball players who have made significant contributions to the sport, both domestically and internationally. The country's national teams have achieved notable success in international competitions, including Olympic medals and World Championship titles.
Team Composition: A standard volleyball team comprises six individuals on either side of the net, with an equal distribution of three players in the front row and three players in the back row. Scoring: Points are awarded when a team successfully grounds the ball on the opponent's court or if the opposing team commits a fault. A team must win a rally to earn a point, and matches are usually played in sets. The team that reaches the specified point limit first wins the set. Serving: The game begins with a serve. The server must stand behind the end line and hit the ball over the net to start the rally. If the serve lands in the opponent's court or is not successfully returned, the serving team earns a point. Rally: Following the service, the teams participate in a rally where their objective is to sustain ball movement by executing no more than three touches to send it back over the net. It is essential for each team to utilize a maximum of three hits to successfully return the ball. Rotation: Players must rotate positions clockwise after winning a rally and gaining the right to serve. This ensures that each player has an opportunity to play in different positions on the court. Faults: Various faults can occur during a game, such as stepping on or over the boundary lines, touching the net, double contact, or committing a foot fault during a serve.
Karch Kiraly, Gilberto Amauri de Godoy Filho (Giba), Misty May-Treanor, Sheilla Castro
1. Volleyball has been an official Olympic sport since 1964 for both men and women. It is widely popular and highly anticipated during the Summer Olympics. 2. Volleyball is known for its fast-paced nature. On average, a volleyball can travel at speeds of up to 60 miles per hour (97 kilometers per hour) during a professional match. 3. Height plays a significant role in volleyball, particularly in blocking and spiking. The tallest recorded professional male volleyball player was Igor Omrčen from Croatia, standing at an impressive 7 feet 5 inches (226 cm). 4. Volleyball is one of the most popular sports globally, with an estimated 900 million fans worldwide. It is played in over 220 countries, making it one of the most widely participated team sports. 5. The longest recorded volleyball match lasted for a staggering 75 hours and 30 minutes, taking place in Kingston, North Carolina, in 1984. The marathon match was played by two teams of high school students. 6. The fastest recorded serve in volleyball history was achieved by Bartosz Kurek from Poland, who recorded a serve speed of 132 kilometers per hour (82 miles per hour) during a match in 2012.
Volleyball is an important topic to explore in an essay due to its widespread popularity and impact on both individuals and society. This sport brings people together, promotes physical fitness, and fosters teamwork and communication skills. Writing an essay about volleyball allows for an exploration of its rich history, from its origins in the late 19th century to its development as a global sport played at various levels. It offers an opportunity to delve into the rules, techniques, and strategies employed in the game, as well as the physical and mental benefits associated with playing volleyball. Furthermore, studying volleyball opens doors to understanding the cultural significance of the sport in different regions and its influence on communities. Essays on volleyball can also highlight the social and economic aspects, such as the growth of professional leagues, sponsorship deals, and the impact on tourism.
1. Engström, L. M., & Carlsson, T. (2014). Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional volleyball players of a national league. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 9(3), 358-363. 2. Fernandes, R. J., & Almeida, P. L. (2017). Tactics in volleyball: A systematic review. Journal of Human Kinetics, 58(1), 225-241. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0059 3. Gonçalves, C. E., Figueira, B. E., Maçãs, V., Sampaio, J., & Leite, N. (2012). Effect of player position on movement behaviour, physical and physiological performances during an elite male volleyball game. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(13), 1429-1437. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.710757 4. Knapik, J. J., Steelman, R. A., Hoedebecke, E. L., Austin, K. G., Farina, E. K., Hammond, K. G., & Lieberman, H. R. (2018). A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of physical training on volleyball performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(3), 892-907. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002336 5. Lima, R., Oliveira, J., & Gonçalves, B. (2018). Effects of mental imagery on volleyball serve performance: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(7), 776-787. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1340637 6. McHugh, M. P., & Cosgrave, C. H. (2010). To stretch or not to stretch: The role of stretching in injury prevention and performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(2), 169-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01058.x 7. Mroczek, D., Lech, G., & Mroczek, G. (2015). The role of coordination abilities in the prevention of injuries in youth volleyball players. Biology of Sport, 32(1), 49-53. https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1127270 8. Nalepa, G., & Wołoszyn, N. (2018). Physical fitness and motor performance of elite and sub-elite female volleyball players. Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism, 25(4), 186-192. https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2018-0019 9. Sattler, T., Hadzic, V., Dervisevic, E., & Markovic, G. (2012). Vertical jump performance of professional male and female volleyball players: Effects of playing position and competition level. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(6), 1532-1538. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318234e66b 10. Sheppard, J. M., Gabbett, T. J., & Stanganelli, L. C. R. (2009).
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Originally known as “mintonette,” volleyball was the brainchild of American William G. Morgan, who came up with the idea for the new sport in 1895.
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As a student at the Springfield College in Massachusets, he had befriended James Naismith who, in 1891, had himself invented basketball. After graduating, Morgan went on to become director of physical education at the Young Man’s Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusets and it was there that he devised his new sport, which was designed to be a combination of basketball, baseball, tennis and handball.
Morgan was keen for his sport to offer a less physically intense and demanding alternative to Naismith’s basketball, one that would appeal to a far broader range of ages and physical abilities. Describing his early experimentations, he said: “In search of an appropriate game, tennis occurred to me, but this required rackets, balls, a net and other equipment, so it was eliminated, but the idea of a net seemed a good one. We raised it to a height of about 6 feet, 6 inches [1.98 metres] from the ground, just above the head of an average man. We needed a ball and among those we tried was a basketball bladder, but this was too light and too slow. We therefore tried the basketball itself, which was too big and too heavy.”
It was not until 1900 that a specially designed ball - lighter and smaller - was devised, which opened up a whole new range of tactical and technical possibilities for the sport. The offensive style of setting and spiking was first showcased in 1916, in the Philippines. Over the years that followed the rules of the sport were further refined and standardised. In 1917, the scoring system per game was changed from 21 to 15 points, while in 1920 the rule stipulating a maximum of three hits per team was instituted.
Until the early 1930s volleyball was for the most part a game of leisure and recreation, and there were only a few international activities and competitions. There were different rules of the game in the various parts of the world; however, national championships were played in many countries (for instance, in Eastern Europe where the level of play had reached a remarkable standard).
The sport took a huge step forward in 1947 with the creation of the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) . Two years later the inaugural World Championships took place in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
Volleyball made its Olympic debut at Tokyo 1964 , with the USSR taking men’s gold and the host nation winning the women’s competition.
Beach volleyball , which had its origins on the beaches of California back in 1930, had to wait until 1996 for its inclusion on the Olympic programme , and it has helped take the global reach and popularity of the sport to a new level.
Volleyball has witnessed a particularly impressive growth spurt over the last two decades, fuelled by the expansion of international competitions such as the FIVB World Championships, the FIVB World League, the FIVB World Grand Prix, the FIVB World Cup and the FIVB Grand Champions Cup, not to mention of course, the Olympic Games, where both the indoor and beach versions now enjoy huge popularity.
Today, over 120 years after it was first conceived, volleyball is played by more than 800 million people worldwide, a fact that would surely leave its creator, William Morgan, whose goal was to create a sport open to all, a huge amount of satisfaction.
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Morgan invented volleyball , originally called, mintonette. Morgan a graduate of springfield college designed the game to be a combination of basketball , baseball, tennis, and handball. He invented it in 1895. In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.
volleyball, game played by two teams, usually of six players on a side, in which the players use their hands to bat a ball back and forth over a high net, trying to make the ball touch the court within the opponents' playing area before it can be returned.To prevent this a player on the opposing team bats the ball up and toward a teammate before it touches the court surface—that teammate ...
Catherine J. Ames Historian of the OHSVCA f2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL AND A FEW OTHER PERTINENT FACTS PART 1: 1895 - 1983 • 1895 William G. Morgan invented the game of volleyball in Holyoke, Massachusetts; there were no limits to the number of players on a team or the number of times the ball could be • contacted • around 1900 ...
History of volleyball: From humble beginnings to a global sport. Originally called mintonette, the origin of volleyball can be traced back to 1895 in Massachusetts, USA. It was created by American William G. Morgan. For a sport that has been around for over a century, the origin of volleyball traces its roots to a rather humble beginning.
The reevaluation of volleyball's historical narrative holds broader implications for our understanding of sporting history and the construction of historical memory. By interrogating established narratives and acknowledging the contributions of overlooked figures, the IVHF seeks to foster a more nuanced appreciation of volleyball's origins.
1895. William G. Morgan, a physical education director at the YMCA in Holyoke, Massachusetts, invented the sport known as "Mintonette," which would later become modern volleyball. Morgan designed the game to be a combination of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball, offering a less intense and more accessible alternative to basketball.
The History of Volleyball. William G. Morgan was a gentleman. He liked the newly created game, Basketball, but he felt that is was hard for older men to play. He needed to invent a game with less jumping and jolting and that older men could play. He still wanted the new sport to be an exercise, but he wanted it to relax it's participating.
In 2016, the sport of Volleyball is over 120 years old! The sport originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports. Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play volleyball at ...
A Secret History of Volleyball by. Alex Mobley. 2016. ii A "secret history " considers the global authorship of volleyball beyond the standard history of a single inventor and obliterates assumptions of the inferior creativity of colonized, Asian, queer, and/or indigenous subjects. Volleyball is both ubiquitous and yet mostly relegated to mere ...
Elbows high. Make a diamond shape with your hands using your thumb and index fingers. Bend Knees. Quick "catch" and push with your fingers (do not hold ball) Extend your arms and wrist. Pretend you are catching a water balloon to help you get the feel of not "stabbing" at the ball.
Here is a short list of the rules, as originally set forth by William Morgan in 1895. There are some distinct differences between the game at its inception and the game as it will be even 30 years later, in the early 1920s. 1. The game will last nine "innings". 2.
The History of Volleyball[1] - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. William G. Morgan invented volleyball in 1895, initially calling it Mintonette. It spread quickly through YMCAs and became an international sport within decades. Over time, the rules were refined to limit teams to six players and hits per possession to three.
The History of Volleyball - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Volleyball was invented in 1895 in Massachusetts by William G. Morgan as a recreational activity. The first rules established a 6 foot 6 inch net and matches consisted of 9 innings with 3 serves each. Volleyball quickly spread internationally in the early 1900s, aided by the YMCA.
History of Volleyball - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The document provides an overview of volleyball including its history, key definitions, equipment needed to play, and some fundamental skills. It discusses how the game was invented in 1895 and key events in its ...
History of Volleyball. The sport of volleyball originated in the United States, and is now just beginning to achieve the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports. In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA ...
Roald Bahr MD PhD. Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre, University of Sport and Physical Education, PO Box 4014 Ullev&L Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
Hook Examples for Volleyball Essay. The Spike of Passion: Explore the world of volleyball, a sport that ignites passion in the hearts of players and fans alike. In this essay, we'll dive into the exhilarating highs and the camaraderie that sets volleyball apart as more than just a game.
Volleyball is a team sport consisting of six players on each team. The players need to score points by grounding the ball on the opposing team's court. Originally, volleyball was called "mintonette" because of its similarity to the game of badminton. It was invented on February 09, 1895, by William G. Morgan, a YMCA athletic director at ...
Writing an essay about volleyball allows for an exploration of its rich history, from its origins in the late 19th century to its development as a global sport played at various levels. It offers an opportunity to delve into the rules, techniques, and strategies employed in the game, as well as the physical and mental benefits associated with ...
The sport took a huge step forward in 1947 with the creation of the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB). Two years later the inaugural World Championships took place in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Volleyball made its Olympic debut at Tokyo 1964, with the USSR taking men's gold and the host nation winning the women's competition.
history of volleyball - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. William G. Morgan is credited with inventing volleyball in 1895 while working at the YMCA. He created it as a less physical alternative to basketball. The first official volleyball game took place in 1896 at Springfield College.