assignment of agriculture of pakistan

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Pakistan Agriculture Food System: Knowledge Products

Agriculture in Pakistan remains by far the biggest employer of labor and is an especially important sector from a social, livelihood and foreign exchange perspective. Pakistan’s population growth and rate of urbanization is pressurizing the agriculture sector not only to increase production, but also to respond to a changing and diversifying food consumption pattern. Despite considerable public spending with support from development partners, agriculture growth slowed down from an average of over 4% per year between 1970-2000 to below 3% thereafter. Poorly functioning agricultural markets with significant government intervention, and a pattern of public spending on agriculture characterized by inefficient and poorly targeted subsidies, discourage a move to a more water efficient, higher value agriculture.

The World Bank team has developed various analytical products to support the Government of Pakistan in transforming its agri-food system towards higher productivity and competitiveness. Under the ongoing program of Advisory Services and Analytics (ASA) more knowledge products are being produced to inform policy making, investments and dialogue among stakeholders. The topics covered range from the research that fuels agricultural productivity to the food markets that fulfill the food and nutrition demands of households.

Policy Notes & Working Papers

Impact of COVID-19 on the food system of Pakistan

Food Inflation

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Reports & briefs.

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Policy notes.

• Pakistan’s agriculture Innovation System
• Pakistan food safety standards

Studies and Briefs

• Livestock Review in Sindh
• Agri-business Deep Dive
• Evaluation of Pakistan’s Urban Food System
• Evaluation of Solarization of groundwater irrigation
• Innovation systems of Sindh
• COVID-19 Rapid Assessment of Fisheries Sector in Pakistan
• Pakistan fish cold chain and logistics study

This webpage will curate all documents, webinar, and blogs produced in the last 10 years related to agriculture and food in one place to facilitate discussion on the reforms required to support agricultural transformation.

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The state of pakistan’s agriculture 2023.

The Pakistan Business Council’s report on ‘The State of Pakistan’s Agriculture 2023’ captures the essence of the issues confronting the...

The Pakistan Business Council’s report on ‘The State of Pakistan’s Agriculture 2023’ captures the essence of the issues confronting the agriculture sector of Pakistan and discusses five key factors that impact agricultural growth in the country. These include: technology, water, seed, financing animal disease and feed. The report constitutes five policy papers on these thematic areas and proposes the following policy priorities for agricultural growth:

• Shift from being a victim of high global agri-commodity prices to a beneficiary. For Pakistan to achieve 4 percent real GDP growth in agriculture, it needs to improve crop yields to transition from being a food importer to a food exporter.
• Amend Seed Act to encourage private sector investment. Better seed is at the core of the long-term growth prospects in Pakistan’s agriculture. The main hurdles to seed development is the legal and regulatory regime that discourages the private sector to invest. Therefore, the Seed Act must be amended to encourage reputable private seed companies to invest and the approach to seed regulation must shift from controlling the seed sector to maximizing benefit to the farmer. Furthermore, local production of hybrid seed must be encouraged to achieve scale.
• Expand cultivated land of fruits and vegetables from 5 percent to 15 percent to save water and to achieve more growth in agriculture. If global players in this trade can be attracted to Pakistan for off-take of fruits and vegetables for export, serious investment into cold chain infrastructure can be justified. Farmers are ready to respond to an assurance that their fruit and vegetable will be guaranteed off-take and the certainty that this produce will not die on the way to end-consumers. This shift is only possible with an increase in yield.
• Build stronger linkages between processors and growers to meet the global buyers’ demand for traceability and sustainability. Pakistan’s own examples of excellence in agriculture are found where processors have done backward integration with farmers. Processing of agri-commodities into higher value products is what drives agriculture to the next level. Investment in agro-processing in the production areas is a priority for Pakistan to multiply its agriculture GDP.
• Invest equity capital in modern agri-technology to achieve growth in agriculture. Upgrade in agri-technology like, modern farm machinery, silo storages, cool chains for fruits and vegetables, controlled sheds for poultry, high efficiency irrigation systems, etc, is difficult to achieve through debt alone, therefore, equity needs to be invested at scale through corporate farming.
• Upgrade Pakistan’s irrigation system to increase agricultural exports. Precision agriculture is not possible without precision water delivery. Furthermore, the unpredictability of water from Pakistan’s irrigation system harms not only the transition to mechanization, it encourages flood irrigation causing enormous on-farm wastage of water.
• Pakistan’s irrigation system needs to be fixed to reduce massive loss of water in the irrigation system and the uncertainty associated with water delivery. The Indus Aquifer has a slower source of re-charge and it now constitutes half of the water available to Pakistan’s farmers. Therefore, it must be preserved. This requires Pakistan’s irrigation system to be fixed by adopting better water accounting and better water governance—both are politically charged activities but also essential for building trust. Additionally, the quality of water is also essential for growth in agricultural exports.
• Use the available risk transfer mechanisms to protect farmers from the impacts of climate change and biological perils. The devastating heatwave and biblical floods of 2022 have highlighted the need for strong, globally accepted institutional mechanisms to address these risks. There is a critical need to use the risk transfer mechanisms available at a predictable cost to shift this burden to the insurers.
• Livestock has driven growth in Pakistan’s agriculture sector but it has plenty of further potential for growth. As the growth trajectory of the poultry sector has shown, modern feed is necessary for animals with modern genetics. Better surveillance and management of disease outbreaks can protect animals’ health and economic value. Disease-free zones with a complementing vaccination regime can be pillars of livestock-based exports.
• As crop yields and animal yields rise, the price at which each grower breaks even falls. This bears the great promise of agricultural growth regarding lower inflation, higher profitability for growers, and better competitiveness for exporters. Coordinated action by the business community, the financial sector, governments, donors, and growers is required to achieve this.
• Wealth generation from growth in agriculture is the main route to prosperity in rural Pakistan where most of Pakistan’s poverty resides. The introduction of technology can create better-paying jobs in the rural landscape. But those whose jobs get displaced will also need to be accommodated into the industry.

In addition to this report, as part of the “Grow More/ Grow Better” theme of its Make-in-Pakistan thrust, the Pakistan Business Council has previously published a number of studies on the agriculture sector of Pakistan to highlight significant opportunities to increase value addition, exports and employment in the sector. The studies on horticulture , bovine meat , dairy, olives , honey and potato examine the value chain and highlights factors impeding productivity and quality, and identify potential global markets for export. These reports propose a set of recommendations to enable agricultural growth.

During the FY 2023, The Pakistan Business Council plans to publish four policy briefs on the selected thematic areas in the agriculture and livestock sector that are critical for sectoral improvement and growth. These are:

• Fruit pulping,
• Green house/ vertical farming,
• Artificial insemination for dairy and meat, and
• Milk collection networks/co-operatives based around large farms.

The policy briefs will highlight the existing gaps/constraints and recommend measures for improving efficiency and sustainability to promote agricultural growth. The briefs will enable PBC to advocacy policy actions with the relevant federal and provincial departments for improving the sector performance.

Video: Reforming Agriculture in Pakistan | Why is there food inflation?

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Agriculture Problems in Pakistan | Their Causes and Solutions

Pakistan’s agriculture sector is facing numerous challenges today. Climate change , increasing population growth, lack of financing options for an agriculture product business, high cost of agriculture production and transportation, and local industry’s strong reliance on imported agriculture commodities are some of the prominent issues affecting Pakistan’s agriculture sector.

Pakistan is an agriculture-based economy and more than 50% of its population is directly or indirectly involved in this sector. However, the contribution of agriculture to GDP has been declining over the years.

What are the major problems for agriculture in Pakistan?

These are some of the main reasons why agriculture is not able to contribute more to Pakistan’s GDP . However, if these issues are addressed, the agriculture sector can definitely play a more significant role in the country’s economy.

1. Lack of irrigation facilities:

Only about 28% of the cultivable land is irrigated as compared to 80% in India. This is because of the lack of an efficient water management system and poor infrastructure.

2. Poor crop yields:

Pakistan’s average crop yield is 2 metric tons per hectare, which is much lower than the global average of 4 metric tons. This is mainly due to outdated farming methods, the use of obsolete technology and the shortage of quality seeds.

3. Unfair distribution of water:

Around 55% of the agricultural income comes from Sindh province, which contributes only about 28% to the agricultural output. Moreover, 80% of Pakistan’s agriculture is rain-fed. This indicates that climate change affects agriculture disproportionately in Pakistan.

4. Lack of agricultural reforms:

Although Pakistan has taken various initiatives for the development of agriculture since 1972, they lack proper implementation and monitoring mechanisms.

5. Lack of post-harvest infrastructure:

Farmers often do not store their products properly due to a lack of cold storage and storage facilities and sell them at lower than market prices as a result.

6. Regulatory issues:

The agriculture sector is plagued with corrupt officials and overloading fees which raises input costs for the farmers.

7. Limited access to financing:

Only a small percentage of the farmers have access to institutional finance which hampers their productivity.

Solutions/Steps taken to uplift the agriculture sector of Pakistan?

The government has taken various steps to address the problems faced by the agriculture sector in Pakistan. These include:

1. Irrigation reforms:

The government has undertaken various irrigation reforms such as the construction of dams and water reservoirs, the establishment of water regulatory authorities and the improvement of water distribution networks. These initiatives will help in improving water availability for agriculture.

2. Support for agriculture research and development:

The government has established various agriculture research institutes to develop improved seeds and farming techniques. This will help in increasing crop yields and improve the quality of agricultural products.

3. Provision of subsidies and incentives:

The government provides subsidies on fertilizers, pesticides , electricity and other input costs to promote agriculture production. It also offers interest-free loans to farmers and gives them price support for their crops.

4. Development of infrastructure:

The government is investing in the development of roads, bridges, cold storage facilities and other agricultural infrastructure to improve access to markets and reduce transportation costs.

5. Capacity building of farmers:

The government is providing training to farmers on agriculture technology and business skills. This is to enable them to improve productivity, diversify crops and identify new market opportunities.

6. Transfer of agricultural technologies:

The government has set up agriculture extension programs to transfer agriculture-related knowledge and techniques to farmers. This will help in improving crop yields and the quality of agricultural products.

7. Establishment of agriculture-based industries:

The government is encouraging the establishment of agriculture-based industries such as food processing plants, shrimp farms, fish farms etc. These initiatives not only provide employment opportunities but also improve agriculture output by processing agriculture surplus at low costs.

8. Technology transfer through foreign investment:

The government offers various incentives for foreign investors who are willing to invest in the agriculture sector in Pakistan including tax benefits, rent-free lands and other subsidies. This initiative is increasing agriculture investment in the country which will help it to develop the agriculture industry.

9. Improved transportation services:

The government is improving the existing road, rail and air transport systems for better access to agricultural products. This will also reduce their cost of transportation which will lower their input costs at the farms.

10. Increased trade with other countries:

The government has signed agreements with various agriculture-exporting countries like China to increase exports of agricultural goods such as fruits, vegetables etc. Besides, Pakistan has joined several regional agriculture trading blocs like ECO (Economic Cooperation Organization) and BCIM (Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Forum for Regional Cooperation) to increase its agriculture exports by establishing new markets.

The agricultural sector still contributes a significant amount to Pakistan’s economy by providing jobs to half of the population. However, various problems are hindering its growth. The government has taken various initiatives to address these problems and is encouraging foreign investment in the agriculture sector. This will help in developing the agriculture industry in Pakistan and improve its economic condition.

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how much of food or what kind of food is import and why cannot we cultivate it in Pakistan?

This material is very useful for agricultural students. Thank you for this.we are grateful to you for this affort.

Thanks Allah give you pro long life

really amazing informative material for agribusiness students.

Sir Aslam o walaikum sir solve my pummet issue solve my problem not come to my 60000 money relief fond problem

Sir please solve my problem my money not come 60000 fund agriculture fund please send my money

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Government of Pakistan

Major Crops in Pakistan

Pakistan is an agricultural country and agriculture is considered the backbone of Pakistan’s economy. Pakistan’s principal natural resources are arable land and water. Agriculture accounts for about 18.9% of Pakistan’s GDP and employs about 42.3% of the labor force. The country’s major crops are:

About 25% of Pakistan’s total land area is under cultivation and is cropped multiple times. The country has 2% of the world’s arable land with 96% of it located in the Indus Plain. Pakistan is the world’s 10th largest producer of rice and 7th largest producer of wheat.

• 26.0 million tons of wheat (7th largest producer)
• 4.8 million tons of cotton (5th largest producer)
• 8.9 million tons of rice (10th largest producer)
• 46 million tons of sugarcane (5th largest global producer, behind Brazil, India, China & Thailand)
• 6.3 million tons of maize (20th largest producer)

Source:  https://www.economy.pk/major-crops-in-pakistan/

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Career and Scope of Agriculture in Pakistan

• March 15, 2018
• Articles , Pak Agri Outlook

Agriculture, or farming, is the simplification of nature’s food webs and the re-channeling of energy for human and animal consumption. Agriculture involves redirecting nature’s natural flow of the food web.

Agriculture has great impact on our everyday life. From the tea we drink to the vegetables we eat and from the grass on the cricket ground to the natural fibers of the clothing we wear and the medicines we consume, are all products of agricultural sciences.

Scope of Agriculture Students in Pakistan

Our country has been recognized as an agricultural country from the day of independence (14 August 1947). This is because of its Cultural and healthy land. Groceries which are produced in the soil of Pakistan are very much qualified and best in quality. Country has been producing vital amount of wheat, Rice, Cotton and other Crops for feeding of public and to export as well. Due to this exporting, it grows its managerial esteem and increases its stocks on a large scale and also enhances the position of the Currency. Because this vagueness and vast spread of agricultural criteria , Pakistan offers a large amount of agricultural scope. Scope of agriculture in Pakistan is very much alike the birds in a jungle. This article will convey the “how’s and what’s” of this field by telling a useful detail about the scope.

Scope of Agriculture BS Students, Career, Job Opportunities and Subjects of Agriculture

Lots of opportunities are available of the people who want to take BS Agriculture forward as career building program. People Choose Agricultural Engineering as an educational profession because of the day to day increasing of technological Impressions in Agricultural courses. There are many other subjects and degree programs which this particular field offers along with its Merits and positive awareness.

List of the Agricultural Subjects in Pakistan

Due to spreading awareness of crop and vegetation along with different other mixtures, this field is showing its vastness. There are now many other subjects in the name of this particular program and element of our country. People who want to take this a career can help themselves by looking at the list of these different programs. There are 33 programs which are offered for the undergraduates. The list of the agricultural Subjects in Pakistan is given Down Below:

Agricultural Scientists

• Take care of the beautiful treasure of nature.
• Diagnose diseases and take preventive measures to protect plants and crops from biotic and a-biotic stress.
• Not only do the office work but are a part of the management.
• Those deployed in Research work, Work for regular hours in Fields and laboratories.
• Many agricultural scientists work in basic or applied research and development.
• Basic research seeks to understand the biological and chemical processes by which crops and livestock grow. Some agricultural professionals administer research and development programs, or manage marketing and quality operations in food companies.
• The work environment for those engaged in applied research or product development varies, depending on specialty and on type of employer. For example, food scientists in private industry may work in test kitchens while investigating new processing techniques.

Work Environment

• Spend considerable amount of their time outdoor in the field.
• Also spend part of their time conducting tests and research in laboratories and writing reports in their offices.
• Working conditions are diverse and include work outside in the field, laboratory and office work.

Saad Ur Rehman Saadi

My name is Saad ur Rehman, and I hold a M.Sc (Hons.) in Agronomy and MA in Journalism. I am currently serving as an Agriculture Officer in the Agriculture Extension Department. I have previously worked with Zarai Tarqiati Bank as an MCO. With my education in agriculture and journalism, I am able to effectively communicate issues that affect farmers' daily lives. In recognition of my community and literary services, I was awarded a gold medal by the government. .

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• Agricultural Extensions , Articles

Sir kindly provide information regarding the scope of agriculture extension major subject of BSc Hons Agriculture.

I have to chose major subject for 5th semester …i am doing bs hons agriculture from ARID RWP, kindly give me your sincere suggestion …that field with best scope in Pak…

Masha Allah sir, please tell me sir how you achieve this job,by hard work or by smart work. I am also a student of bs agriculture in UAF and I am very panic about my future.

Asslam o Alaikum.Brother can You tell me about your experience in UAF and is it worth.I was thinking about taking admission in Bs Agriculture in UAF so can you kindly share your experience and Guide me.Kind Regards…

I am 16 year old and i want to become a vertical farmer in future. Thanks for all this info

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